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91.
The timing of seed germination may determine the success of a weed species in an agroecosystem, and its expression is modulated by environmental conditions, but also by seed physiology and anatomy. The aims of this study were to investigate the roles of light, pericarp, dry storage and cold stratification on seed dormancy and germination in feral radish, a troublesome agricultural weed in temperate zones of the Americas that reduces crop yields. To this end, we used isolated intact pods and extracted seeds to test germination over time under contrasting temperature, light and storage conditions. Here, we showed that fresh seeds were non‐dormant, but that light and the presence of the pericarp reduced germination, especially under low temperatures. The pericarp reduced the final water content absorbed by seeds inside pods and decreased absorption/dehydration rates. The pericarp showed several small lignified cell layers in the endocarp, and x‐ray images displayed the lack of space between the partially embedded seed and the endocarp. Dry storage and cold stratification were ineffective in breaking the dormancy imposed by the pericarp. The apparent requirement for darkness and the mechanical restriction of the pericarp may have the potential to induce dormancy, spreading the timing of seed germination over a more extended period and hindering the control of feral radish. 相似文献
92.
93.
MAMUT Jannathan 《干旱区科学》2019,11(5):774-784
For a plant species to complete its life cycle in arid and saline environments, each stage of the life cycle must be tolerant to the harsh environmental conditions. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of water stress (water potentials of -0.05, -0.16, -0.33, -0.56, -0.85 and -1.21 MPa) and NaCl stress (50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 mmol/L NaCl) on seed germination percentage, seedling survival and growth, juvenile growth and plant reproduction of Lachnoloma lehmannii Bunge (Brassicaceae), an cold desert annual that grows in the Junggar Basin of Xinjiang, China in 2010. Results indicated that low water stress (-0.05 and -0.16 MPa) had no significant effect on seed germination percentage. With a decrease in water potential, germination percentage decreased, and no seeds germinated at -0.85 and -1.21 MPa water stresses. Germination percentage of seeds was significantly affected by NaCl stress, and higher germination percentages were observed under non-saline than saline conditions. An increase in NaCl concentrations progressively inhibited seed germination percentage, and no seeds germinated at ≥400 mmol/L NaCl concentration. Non-germinated seeds were transferred from both PEG (polyethylene glycol-6000) and NaCl solutions to distilled water for seed germination recovery. The number of surviving seedlings and their heights and root lengths significantly decreased as NaCl stress increased. About 30% of the plants survived and produced fruits/seeds at 200 mmol/L NaCl concentration. Thus, seed germination, seedling establishment and reproductive stage in the life cycle of L. lehmannii are water- and salt-tolerant, with seedlings being the least tolerant. These tolerances help explain why this species can survive and produce seeds in arid and saline habitats. 相似文献
94.
试验结果表明,硝基苯浓度达到27倍(0.34 mg/L)以上对水稻发芽产生明显影响,致使芽率下降.不同浓度的硝基苯对不同品种的发芽率影响不显著.随着浓度的增加,同一品种株高基本呈降低趋势,根数、叶片与对照差异显著. 相似文献
95.
筇竹为珍稀笋材两用混生竹,具有较高的经济价值.本研究对筇竹种子进行不同温度和光照条件的萌发实验,并培育实生苗发笋后,利用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了3个不同出土高度(2 cm,5 cm,8 cm)的筇竹笋中8种矿质元素的含量.实验结果显示,最适宜筇竹种子萌发的条件是20℃,12 h光照/12 h黑暗,但25℃和暗... 相似文献
96.
冷等离子体处理对水稻种子萌发的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为提高水稻种子的萌发性能,利用冷等离子体处理机分别以空气、氦气为真空室环境介质,以60、70、80、90和100W的处理功率对浙优023、秀水134和浙优6326 3种水稻种子进行处理,并进行发芽试验.结果表明,在60 ~100W的处理功率范围内,冷等离子体处理对水稻种子的萌发具有明显的促进作用,与未经任何处理的对照组相比,以空气、氦气为处理介质3种水稻种子的发芽势、发芽率分别可提高1.75% ~13.5%、1.0%~8.75%;以空气为处理介质,浙优023、秀水134、浙优6326水稻种子的较佳冷等离子体处理功率分别为90、100和80 W;以氦气为处理介质,秀水134、浙优6326水稻种子的较佳处理功率为60 W,但浙优023水稻种子不宜以氦气为介质进行冷等离子体处理. 相似文献
97.
Response of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) to interactions between Pseudomonas species and Glomus clarum NT4 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effects of interactions between pseudomonads (Pseudomonas cepacia strains R55 and R85, P. aeruginosa strain R80, P. fluorescens strain R92, and P. putida strain R104) and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus clarum (Nicol. and Schenck) isolate NT4, on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Laura), grown under gnotobiotic and nonsterile conditions, were investigated. Although plant growth responses varied,
positive responses to pseudomonad inoculants generally were obtained under gnotobiotic conditions. Shoot dry weight enhancement
ranged from 16 to 48%, whereas root enhancement ranged from 82 to 137%. Shoot growth in nonsterile soil, however, was unaffected
by pseudomonad inoculants, or reduced by as much as 24%. Shoot growth was unaffected or depressed by G. clarum NT4 whereas early root growth was enhanced by 38%. Significant interactions between the pseudomonad inoculants and G. clarum NT4 were detected. Typically, dual inoculation influenced the magnitude of response associated with any organism applied
alone. The effect of these pseudomonads on G. clarum NT4 spore germination was investigated. Germination was inhibited when spores were incubated either on membranes placed directly
on bacterial lawns of strains R85 and R104 (i.e., direct assay), or on agarose blocks separated from the bacteria by membranes
(i.e., diffusion assay). When the agarose blocks were physically separated from the pseudomonad (i.e., volatile assay), there
was no evidence of inhibition, suggesting that a nonvolatile, diffusible substance(s) produced by both strains R85 and R104
may inhibit G. clarum NT4 spore germination.
Received: 11 December 1995 相似文献
98.
大气压等离子体处理对生菜种子萌发和生长发育的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
利用自制新型大气压等离子体装置对生菜种子进行处理,研究了不同电压的大气压等离子体处理对生菜种子萌发、幼苗生长及产量品质的影响。试验结果表明:不同电压的等离子体处理对生菜种子萌发的影响效果不同。其中,5610和5950 V处理对种子的萌发有促进作用,种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数与对照相比均有所提高,而6290~7310 V处理则抑制了种子的萌发,且电压越高抑制效果越明显。同时,等离子体处理种子α-淀粉酶活性提高,电导率降低,幼苗地上部鲜干质量、地下部鲜干质量、根体积、根活力及过氧化物酶活性也有不同程度的增加。不同电压的等离子体处理促进了生菜定植后的生长发育,产量最高比CK提高12.52%;生菜的维生素C、叶绿素、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量等品质也有所改善。综合来看,5610和5950 V的等离子体处理效果较优。 相似文献
99.
100.
用发芽纸和河砂(深褐色细砂)作为发芽床,对水稻种子进行发芽率检测.结果表明,不同的发芽床对发芽率结果影响很大.分析发现砂床可以明显减少不正常幼苗所占的比例.因此,在对水稻种子进行发芽检测时,对于纸床检测发芽率不合格且不正常幼苗多的情况下,应该用砂床进行重新检测,以得出种子的真实发芽率. 相似文献