NaCl对转P5 CS基因水稻种子萌发的影响

脯氨酸是植物体内非常重要的渗透调节化合物,它的积累可增加植物对干旱、盐碱的耐受能力。P5CS(Δ1-吡咯啉-5-羧基合成酶基因)在植物中催化脯氨酸生物合成的前两部反应,其活性受到脯氨酸含量的反馈抑制。本研究对转P5CS基因的水稻T4代种子与对照在不同浓度的NaCl胁迫下的萌发进行试验。结果表明,随着NaCl浓度的增高,种子萌发受到的抑制越大,但在100 mmol/L时转P5CS的种子萌发率、生理指标、ABA、脯氨酸和可溶性糖的含量显著高于对照,但可溶性蛋白低于对照。说明转P5CS基因的水稻有显著的耐NaCl胁迫作用。     

Response of Wheat and Barley during Germination to Seed Osmopriming at Different Water Potential

Pre-sowing osmotic seed treatments were evaluated as a means of improving water uptake and germination performance of wheat ( Triticum durum L. cv. Hourani-27) and barley ( Hordeum vulgare L. cv. ACSAD 176) under four levels of water potential (0, –0.4, –0.8 and –1.2 MPa) created by using polyethylene glycol 8000. Seeds were osmoprimed in aerated solutions of 0.0, 0.2, 0.4 or 0.6 M KCl at 24 ± 2°C overnight and then rinsed and dried. Rate of water uptake by seeds was higher in osmoprimed than untreated seeds of both crops regardless of the water potential level. Decreasing water potential (more stress) adversely affected rate of water uptake in seeds of both crops. Seeds osmopriming increased germination percentage and decreased time to 50% germination at high water potentials (low stress), whereas the germination at low water potentials (more stress) was not affected by osmopriming treatments. The effect of osmopriming on rate of water uptake, germination percentage, and time to 50% germination was more pronounced in wheat than in barley. Reduction in the lag time of imbibition may be accounted for in part by some germination rate enhancement in the osmopriming treatments. Fresh weight and length of shoots (plumules) and roots (radicles) were enhanced in osmoprimed seeds in comparison to untreated seeds, in both crops at high water potentials (0 and – 0.4 MPa). As water potential in the medium decreased, these traits were inversely affected regardless of osmopriming treatment. Longer roots in wheat compared to barley were noted in the positive osmopriming treatments at high water potentials (0 and – 0.4). These results might indicate that wheat is more responsive than barley at relatively high water potentials to osmopriming through rapid penetrating root system.     

大气压等离子体处理对结球白菜种子萌发特性及后期生长的影响

用大气压等离子体对2个品种的结球白菜种子进行处理,研究不同电压等离子体处理对白菜种子萌发及后期生长的影响.结果表明:等离子体处理后在萌发前期对种子有一定影响,但对种子的发芽势、发芽率等基本没有影响;处理种子在室温放置10个月后仍然在萌发前期表现与对照种子有差异;用育苗盘和田间小区种植2种方法均没有发现处理和对照种子之间在苗期生长特性方面存在差异.     

光照和温度对中型滇丁香种子萌发的影响

采用室内发芽试验法研究了不同光照和温度条件对中型滇丁香种子萌发的影响。结果表明,中型滇丁香种子的萌发需在有光照的条件下进行,在有光照状况下中型滇丁香种子萌发的最适温度为25℃。在此温度条件下,其种子12～14天开始萌发,2～3周萌发完全,种子发芽率可达98%。以25℃为界,温度的升高或降低均会降低其种子的发芽率。     

温度对双岛湾鳗草种子萌发的影响

对采自双岛湾的鳗草(Zostera marina L.)种子,分别进行了野外盆栽种子萌发试验及室内5℃低温保存时长(30d、60d和90d)和萌发温度(5℃、15℃和25℃)对种子萌发的影响实验。结果表明:鳗草种子在野外经过了夏季高温期和冬季低温期的休眠后于次年2月末水温为4℃时开始萌发,持续至5月,萌发期水温为4~17℃,累积萌发率随春季回暖显著提高,在4—5月达到峰值,5月底累积萌发率达20.6%,实生苗于4—5月快速生长发育,对应水温为6~17℃;5℃低温保存不同时长和不同萌发温度对种子的萌发率的影响都极显著,即低温保存时间越长,种子萌发率越高,且显著缩短了种子的初始萌发时间和萌发高峰时间,保存90d后3个萌发温度下的初始萌发时间均小于3d、萌发高峰时间均小于8d。不同低温保存时长条件下,均以15℃为最适萌发温度。     

Variation in morphophysiological characters of fruits of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trigonobalanus doichangensis</Emphasis> (Fagaceae) according to individual trees,populations and years

Trigonobalanus doichangensis is recognized as a rare and endangered plant of China. The morphological and physiological traits of fruits were investigated in one population over 2 years (2006–2007) and in four populations during 2007 in order to facilitate ex-situ conservation and eventual reforestation through planting of propagules. The results indicated that morphological traits including fruit length, fruit width and 1,000-fruit weight showed significant variation among individual trees within populations (P < 0.01), however, not among populations. And each of them had significant positive correlation with each other (P < 0.01). Seed abortion occurred, and there was significant variation in percentage of fruit fill among populations and among individual trees within populations, whereas, percentage of fruit fill showed no correlation with the morphological traits. As for fruit germination, germination percentage, germination index and vigor index presented significant variation among populations and among individual trees within populations. The three germination-related indices had significant positive correlations with each other (r ≥ 0.9, P < 0.01) and with percentage of fruit fill (r > 0.86, P < 0.01), however, possessing weak correlations with morphological traits. It was also found that each of the traits mentioned above showed significant variation among individual trees within years, however, not between years. In addition, more than 48% of the variation occurred among individual trees both within populations and within years in all the fruit characters. We suggest that collecting fruits from various individuals at each of populations will be the preferred strategy to conserve the most genetic diversity of the species.     

热处理对葡萄休眠枝条携带真菌脱除及萌芽和生根的影响

以采自北京的2个葡萄品种为材料,对插条内真菌的种类进行了检验,探索了通过热处理脱除插条中潜在病原真菌的方法,观察统计了不同温度和持续时间的水浴热处理对插条萌芽生根的影响。结果表明:从处于生理休眠期和环境休眠期的2个葡萄品种的4份插条样品中均检出了葡萄座腔菌属和链格孢属真菌,其他检出的主要真菌还包括:镰刀菌属和胶孢炭疽菌属真菌等。对葡萄插条进行40℃水浴0.5~5.0h,不能达到脱菌的效果,60℃水浴0.5h则会使葡萄插条的萌芽率降为0,50℃水浴,时间持续0.5~5.0h均能将插条内的真菌完全脱除,这个处理条件对处于生理休眠期的插条,还具有明显提高萌芽率和生根率的作用,有利于冬季和早春葡萄提早育苗。研究结果为脱除葡萄插条中的潜在病原真菌,保证葡萄苗木起始材料的卫生健康,提供了可行的方法。     

油料植物琴叶风吹楠种子萌发观察

琴叶风吹楠(Horsfieldia pandurifolia)幼苗属于子叶留土类型。成熟种子的主要成分是胚乳,胚极小,位于种子基部;胚根先突破位于种子基部的发芽孔形成主根,然后上胚轴开始生长,子叶向胚乳组织延伸以吸收营养物质;少数种子具多胚现象;只要播种方法正确,容易获得生长正常的苗木,否则容易导致苗木畸形。     

13个苜蓿品种耐盐性的鉴定

通过对13个品种的苜蓿Medicago sativa种子在NaCl不同体积分数溶液处理下的种子萌发及幼苗进行耐盐性研究,观察其发芽率、苗高、根长,计算发芽势、耐盐极限量、耐盐半致死量。结果表明,这13个苜蓿品种中,其耐盐能力最强的为宁苜1号,最弱的为朝阳苜蓿。耐盐性由强到弱的顺序是:宁苜1号、WL-525、龙牧801号>胜利者>公农2号>龙牧803号>MagnumV-wet>朝阳苜蓿>公农3号、农宝、竞争者>公农1号>大叶苜蓿。同时供试苜蓿种子发芽率、发芽指数、苗高、活力指数与盐体积分数呈显著至极显著负相关性。