温度对双岛湾鳗草种子萌发的影响

对采自双岛湾的鳗草(Zostera marina L.)种子,分别进行了野外盆栽种子萌发试验及室内5℃低温保存时长(30d、60d和90d)和萌发温度(5℃、15℃和25℃)对种子萌发的影响实验。结果表明:鳗草种子在野外经过了夏季高温期和冬季低温期的休眠后于次年2月末水温为4℃时开始萌发,持续至5月,萌发期水温为4~17℃,累积萌发率随春季回暖显著提高,在4—5月达到峰值,5月底累积萌发率达20.6%,实生苗于4—5月快速生长发育,对应水温为6~17℃;5℃低温保存不同时长和不同萌发温度对种子的萌发率的影响都极显著,即低温保存时间越长,种子萌发率越高,且显著缩短了种子的初始萌发时间和萌发高峰时间,保存90d后3个萌发温度下的初始萌发时间均小于3d、萌发高峰时间均小于8d。不同低温保存时长条件下,均以15℃为最适萌发温度。     

Variation in morphophysiological characters of fruits of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trigonobalanus doichangensis</Emphasis> (Fagaceae) according to individual trees,populations and years

Trigonobalanus doichangensis is recognized as a rare and endangered plant of China. The morphological and physiological traits of fruits were investigated in one population over 2 years (2006–2007) and in four populations during 2007 in order to facilitate ex-situ conservation and eventual reforestation through planting of propagules. The results indicated that morphological traits including fruit length, fruit width and 1,000-fruit weight showed significant variation among individual trees within populations (P < 0.01), however, not among populations. And each of them had significant positive correlation with each other (P < 0.01). Seed abortion occurred, and there was significant variation in percentage of fruit fill among populations and among individual trees within populations, whereas, percentage of fruit fill showed no correlation with the morphological traits. As for fruit germination, germination percentage, germination index and vigor index presented significant variation among populations and among individual trees within populations. The three germination-related indices had significant positive correlations with each other (r ≥ 0.9, P < 0.01) and with percentage of fruit fill (r > 0.86, P < 0.01), however, possessing weak correlations with morphological traits. It was also found that each of the traits mentioned above showed significant variation among individual trees within years, however, not between years. In addition, more than 48% of the variation occurred among individual trees both within populations and within years in all the fruit characters. We suggest that collecting fruits from various individuals at each of populations will be the preferred strategy to conserve the most genetic diversity of the species.     

银耳子实体及菌丝体胶质化产生的双核酵母状孢子萌发条件探索

为探索由银耳(Tremella fuciformis)子实体、菌丝体胶质化产生的双核酵母状孢子(FBMds)的萌发条件,研究比较了不同来源和不同浓度的香灰菌(Annuloypoxylon stygium)浸提液及不同来源银耳孢子发酵液对银耳Tr21 FBMds萌发率的影响.试验结果表明,香灰菌浸提液和银耳孢子发酵液均有...     

不同百合花粉活力的测定方法比较

分别采用染色法和萌发法测定亚洲百合、东方百合、麝香百合品种群的部分栽培品种以及野生种的花粉活力.染色法的测定结果表明:野生种的花粉活力最高,接下来依次为东方百合、麝香百合、亚洲百合品种群的花粉活力最低.萌发法的测定结果表明:野生种的花粉活力最高,接下来依次为麝香百合、亚洲百合,东方百合品种群的花粉活力最低.两种方法的比较结果表明:染色法测定花粉活力是一种较为初步的、简单的方法,它仅能给育种工作提供最基础的花粉存活信息,但不能反映花粉活力的全部信息,而萌发法不仅可以反应花粉的存活状况,而且能进一步反映出花粉的萌发能力.所以,在百合的授粉过程中,需要将染色法的测定结果和萌发法的测定结果综合比较,来指导选配亲本,提高杂交育种的成功率.     

果洛地区多年生牧草引种试验初报

在果洛地区两个试验点同时进行２５种牧草的引种试验和室内发芽试验。结果表明：１１种禾草和２种豆科牧草表现良好，６种禾草和１种豆科牧草一般，３种禾草和１种豆科牧草农现差。     

不同处理对解除小麦种子休眠效果的研究

以发芽势、发芽率作指标，采用ＧｒｉｆｆｉｎｇⅡ设计，研究了４因素共１１种组合（包括对照）对解除两种不同上色的小麦种子休眠的效果。结果表明：１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＧＡ３（赤霉素ＧＡ３）效果较好，在所有组合中，以５０℃的高温处理２４ｈ后用１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＧＡ３浸种１２ｈ最好，能显著提高种子的发芽势和发芽率，在小麦夏繁中有一定应用价值。     

威提特东非狼尾草种子生产技术的研究

比较了4种土壤类型和3种留茬高度对威提特东非狼尾草(Pennisetum clandestinum cv. Whittet)种子产量和质量的影响。结果表明:以单因素而言,生土处理和0.05 m留茬高度处理所获得的平均种子产量最高;两因素处理的结果表明,以生土和0.05 m留茬高度互作后所获得的种子产量最高,其种子产量达447kg/hm2;各土壤类型和不同留茬高度的处理对种子的质量影响差异不显著。     

芝麻苗期干旱生理生化指标响应特征及其基因表达分析

为建立芝麻抗旱性快速鉴定体系及筛选芝麻抗旱品种，采用盆栽反复干旱法，设置正常水分（CK）和干旱胁迫（DS）两种处理，对31份芝麻材料进行生理生化指标测定和综合评价，同时利用qRT-PCR检测SOD合成相关基因的表达量。结果表明：芝麻苗期O^₂、可溶性糖（SS）、脯氨酸（Pro）含量和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性与CK相比均显著上升，各指标综合抗旱系数和抗旱指数的变异系数最高的分别是SOD（98.64%）和O^₂（154.01%）；抗旱指数与O^₂含量、SOD活性呈极显著正相关关系，这两个指标可作为芝麻苗期抗旱性鉴定的重要指标。聚类分析将31份芝麻材料划分为5类抗旱类型，分别为高抗型、中抗型、低抗型、低感型和高感型。利用综合评价方法，筛选出高抗材料2份（‘汾芝10号’和‘豫-11-1’），中抗旱材料4份，低抗旱材料9份，敏感材料10份，高感材料5份；筛选出O^₂含量和SOD活性可作为芝麻种质资源苗期抗旱特性快速鉴定的指标。