Analysis of Growth and Productivity of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) in Relation to FYM, Nitrogen and Source of Fertilizer

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 1992–93 and 1993–94 at Anand to study the effect of FYM, nitrogen and source of fertilizer on growth and yield of mustard [ Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj & Cosson]. The results showed significant variation in leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), dry matter production and seed yield. The direct effect of farmyard manure (FYM) was conspicuous in improving the growth of mustard. FYM application at 10 tonnes ha⁻¹ significantly increased the LAI, CGR and dry matter accumulation per plant at almost all the stages during first year study (1992–93) and in pooled analysis. Similarly, nitrogen application registered maximum LAI, CGR at 75 kg level and RGR and NAR at 50 kg level at almost all the during both years. Sulphur carrying source (Ammonium sulphate plus single super phosphate) increased all stages growth characters. Maximum dry matter accumulation per plant and seed yield were recorded with highest levels of FYM (20 tonnes ha⁻¹), N (75 kg ha⁻¹) and source having S. Seed yield was strongly associated with LAI and dry matter accumulation per plant at all the stages.     

Inheritance of leaf angle in Triticum aestivum L.

Summary A 6×6 diallel was prepared to study the inheritance of leaf angle in T. aestivum L. Genetic analysis in terms of diallel cross parameters and graphic analysis indicated the control of additive gene effects in the expression of this character. The results of F₁ analysis were supported by the analysis of F₂ data.     

Influence of race and post infection temperature on two components of partial resistance to wheat leaf rust in seedlings of wheat

Summary Components of partial resistance, infection frequency and latency period, were determined in 71 winter and spring wheat genotypes in the seedling stage, after infection with three races of leaf rust (Felix 3B, Clement B and Betuwe 85C) at three different day/night temperature regimes (24/18°C, 18/12°C and 12/6°C). The genotypes were split into two groups and two separate experiments were carried out. Five genotypes, SVP 84039, Akabozu, Banco, BH 1146 and Orso, conferred a low infection frequency and a long latency period and Westphal 12A a long latency period, indicating a relatively high level of partial resistance. The correlation coefficient between infection frequency and latency period was low. Race-specificity was not found. There was a significant temperature effect on the latency period. In the second experiment the temperature x genotype interaction was significant. Temperature-response functions of transformed data demonstrated that the latency periods of four relatively resistant genotypes, Westphal 12A, Banco, BH 1146 and Orso and of Sarno and Mirela were most sensitive to temperature. The range between the genotypes with the longest and the shortest latency period was highest at 12°C. Therefore, low temperature regimes are preferred to distinguish differences in level of partial resistance.     

Phylogenetic studies in Citrus reticulata and related types

Summary Sixteen types of mandarins were screened for their leaf flavonoid patterns with the help of cellulose thin-layer chromatography. In general, Tanaka's classification of mandarins into 36 species is untenable, as was already concluded by Swingle (1948), Hodgson (1965) and Singh (1967). It is likely that a fine loose skinned mandarin was first evolved. Later, it hybridized with wild mandarin to give rise to numerous types and forms.Contribution No. 474 of Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore-6, India.     

3个家蚕品种部分产茧量及体质量性状指标的协方差分析

养蚕生产中家蚕的桑叶食下量难以人为控制在同一水平,通常认为食下量会对蚕体生长发育及全茧量等产茧量指标产生显著甚至极显著影响。以山东省现行的3个春用蚕品种为材料,将食下量作为协变量进行协方差分析的结果表明,3个家蚕品种在3-5龄的蚕体质量增量、全茧量、茧层量性状指标上无统计学意义(P>0.125 2),仅个别指标均值间的最大差异在0.1水平下显著(P全茧量=0.066 9,P茧层量=0.056 1),因此该方法校正了用常规方差分析得出的上述性状指标在品种间存在极显著差异(P<0.000 1)的有偏结论,还明确了消化吸收量对上述性状指标影响不显著,可不作为协变量考虑。     

Yield and morphological responses of a forage sorghum to mefluidide

Abstract

Due to rapid growth, stem build‐up in forage sorghum crops often leads to considerable wastage by animals and consequent loss of production. In this study the potential of the chemical plant growth regulator, mefluidide, for modifying the morphology of forage sorghum was examined. Mefluidide was applied to two consecutive plantings of forage sorghum at 0; 0,14 and 0,28 kg/ha. Treatment with mefluidide suppressed stem elongation of sorghum plants and stimulated tillering 4–6 weeks after application. After 6 weeks the stem:leaf ratio of treated plants was significantly lower (P ≤0,05) than that of control plants. On average, total dry matter (DM) yield was marginally higher for the control, but DM yield of leaf material was significantly higher. (P ≤0,05) for treated plots from 6 weeks after mefluidide application. No significant differences were observed between levels of mefluidide but responses of different variables over time differed between plantings. This was associated with different stages of plant growth when mefluidide was applied and different environmental conditions for two plantings.     

水分对柠条萌蘖株和未平茬株光合参数及调渗物质的影响

对柠条Caragana korshinskii平茬后的萌蘖株和未平茬的对照株在夏季旺盛生长期进行了水分处理,并研究了浇水前后萌蘖株和对照株光合参数及调渗物质的变化。浇水前,萌蘖株具有较高的水势 (LWP)、光合速率(A)、气孔导度(G)、蒸腾速率(E)、光系统II最大光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)和光系统II实际量子产率(△F/Fm′);而对照株相应指标较低,但对照株光化学猝灭系数（NPQ）,脯氨酸(Pro)、 丙二醛(MDA)含量较高。浇水后,对照株LWP、A、G、E、Fv/Fm、△F/Fm′均有不同程度的上升,而NPQ值和Pro、MAD的含量下降。浇水对萌蘖株和对照株叶绿素(Chla+b)含量影响不显著,且浇水前后萌蘖株均高于对照株。结果表明：萌蘖株在生长季所受干旱胁迫较小,植物将更多的光能以光合作用的形式利用,植物生长迅速;而对照株所受干旱胁迫的影响较为严重,光合速率低,植物将更多的光能以热的形式消耗,导致植物生长缓慢。     

桑叶超氧物歧化酶（SOD）的研究

分别用高速冷冻离心法和低速室温离心法提取了桐乡青、湖桑１９７、团头荷叶白、尖头荷叶白４个品种的顶芽、第５位和第１０位叶以及蚕沙残桑叶的ＳＯＤ粗酶液，然后用ＮＢＴ光还原法和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分别分析测定了它们的活性及其同工酶。试验结果表明：用高速冷冻离心法和低速室温离心法提取的ＳＯＤ，其活性无显著差异；同一叶位的桑叶ＳＯＤ活性在不同桑品种之间无显著差异；同一桑品种不同叶位的ＳＯＤ活性有显著差异；蚕沙残桑叶的ＳＯＤ活性与第１０位叶的ＳＯＤ活性相当。发现桑叶中有３～４种ＳＯＤ同工酶。     

桑毛虫食叶量的研究

通过本研究,得出桑毛虫食叶量５龄虫全龄为１０４９．６５ｍｇ／条,６龄虫全龄为２４０６．５ｍｇ／条,明确了桑毛虫食叶量与发育时间的关系式,为确定桑毛虫的防治适期提供了依据。     

不同苜蓿品种在青岛地区的适应性

2007-2010年,在青岛地区对引进的23个国内外苜蓿品种进行了膜侧种植、无灌溉、无施肥模式的田间试验,观测分析了各品种产草量、株高、茎叶比等指标。结果表明,23个苜蓿品种在青岛普遍生长良好,国外品种生产性能优于国内品种;播种当年干草产量膜侧种植组明显高于直接播种组,干草产量增幅(除甘农4号、新疆大叶和牧歌401外)均在50%以上;干草产量与年均日照时数、年均温的灰色关联度分别达到0.795 5和0.878 9,而与年均降水量关联度仅为0.569 1;株高最高的是WL323为87.8 cm,最低的是敖汉苜蓿,仅74.7 cm;供试23个品种的干草产量与株高均存在显著性差异,株高与草产量相关系数达到0.65以上,具有很高的正相关性;茎叶比最低的是牧歌401,仅为1.22,绝大多数苜蓿品种的茎叶比有逐年增加的趋势。综合评价认为供试23个苜蓿品种中的WL323、牧歌401、驯鹿3个品种综合生产性能较好,适宜在青岛地区辅以膜侧种植模式进行大面积推广。