凉山州山地灾害空间分布特征及人为驱动力分析

基于凉山州1970—2004年间的山地灾害数据,采用GIS空间网格分析等方法,分析凉山州山地灾害的分布特征,进行了危险度评价,并划分了研究区山地灾害危险度等级。结果显示:凉山州山地灾害多沿水系呈带状分布,其中以中部安宁河流域和东北部地区较集中,山地灾害极高频区面积3 080.6 km²,占州总面积比为5.0%,高频区占8.0%,中频区占14.1%,低频区占72.9%。通过山地灾害与人为驱动力（人口、土地利用类型等）的相关性分析,获得其间的响应关系。分析表明:一方面山地灾害危险度与人口密度分布显著正相关,另一方面不合理的土地利用结构也是山地灾害的重要驱动力,特别是旱地（坡耕地）和交通建设用地影响较大。研究结果对人为活动引起的山地灾害防范、县域山地灾害危险度划分和山地灾害风险管理等具有一定的指导意义。     

Invasive and native plant responses to shrubland fuel reduction: comparing prescribed fire, mastication, and treatment season

Fuel reduction in the wildland-urban interface is a widely used international strategy for assisting human communities regarding wildfire threats, but very little research has examined whether certain fuel reduction methods and their seasonal timing promote nonnative invasion. To address this issue, we evaluated nonnative and native plant response to five of the most commonly-practiced shrubland fuel reduction methods in Mediterranean climates, including (a) fall prescribed fire, (b) winter prescribed fire, (c) spring prescribed fire, (d) fall mastication (slashing) and (e) spring mastication. Treatments were replicated four times in mature northern California chaparral and surveyed for three years after treatment; treatment type was randomly assigned. We found that the effects of treatment type (fire/mastication) were more apparent than the effects of treatment season (fall/winter/spring), but there were some differences among seasons of prescribed fire. Mastication treatments had the highest number of nonnative invasive species. Mastication treatments also had 34% higher nonnative annual grass abundance than the fire treatments. Winter and spring prescribed fire treatments were most resistant to nonnative invasion since these areas had the fewest nonnative species, lowest nonnative species abundances, and highest relative proportions of native plants. In shrublands where controlling nonnative annual grass is an important objective, managers should consider cool season prescribed fire as a viable fuel reduction treatment. In cases where prescribed fire is not feasible, mastication provides an alternative that can exacerbate nonnative grass production in the short term but may maintain native plant seedbanks over the long term if the site remains undisturbed for several decades. Results from this study could be applicable to other areas of Mediterranean shrublands.     

Improved AHP Assessment Model and Its Practice in Geological Hazard Susceptibility Zoning

Based on the problem during the practice in geological hazard susceptibility zoning, by constructing the three mark (-1,0,1) matrix and introducing optimum transfer matrix, the faintness about weight choice and the consistency check method of judgment matrix for traditional AHP were improved,and the difficult weight quantization problem for each appraise factor of the hiberarchy model had been solved; accordingly, the Improved AHP model had been built. At the last, this method was applied to a concrete zoning practice about geological hazard susceptibility.The application result shows that the zoning practice in Yongchuan region about geological hazard susceptibility is practical and effective.     

广西近年来强降雨引发地质灾害的特征分析

以广西为例对近年来由强降雨所引发地质灾害的现状进行了分析,时空分布不均、地质灾害类型多样、突发性强和危害严重是其主要特征,同时对其防治措施进行了探讨。     

饲料中镉的危害与防治

饲料中的镉污染问题越来越受到人们的关注。综述了我国饲料中镉的来源、镉污染状况、危害及其毒理作用,并简要阐述了预防饲料镉污染的措施。     

上海崇明国家地质公园的建设与旅游管理现状

对国家地质公园的相关概念以及建设背景进行了简要说明。以上海崇明国家地质公园为例,通过描述其旅游资源、开发潜力、申报过程以及管理模式,总结中国国家地质公园的管理现状,并对其管理模式提出一些自己的意见和建议。     

白蚁的危害及其综合防治研究

白蚁也被称为螱,它的体型比较软弱且偏扁,呈白色、淡黄色、赤褐色或者黑褐色,白蚁是最古老的社会性昆虫中的一种,它广泛地分布于世界各地,其危害极其严重,尤其是对人类的危害。从建筑物、木制家具、水利工程、铁路交通、农作物、林木及园艺作物、以及其他物品等等方面来研究了其危害,并提出了白蚁的基本防治方法以及不同种类白蚁的防治措施。     

古建筑群防雷安全隐患及其对策研究

回顾了古建筑被雷电击毁或因雷电引起火灾的历史事件,由此引发了对古建筑群防雷安全问题的探讨,以辽宁省级风景名胜区大孤山古建筑群为例,对古建筑群防雷安全隐患进行勘查和检测,总结出5种防雷安全隐患类型。从古建筑防雷类别划分、保护级别、防雷措施、防雷工程设计依据、工程施工、新施工工艺等6个方面进行研究,依据相应技术规范分剐从古建筑物外部、内部和古树木防雷等方面提出4项防雷安全隐患应对措施,并具体针对大孤山古建筑群的实际情况,详细探讨了施工方案、人员安排、劳务计划和施工质量保证体系、工程验收、技术文档等问题,以期为切实做好古建筑的防雷安全保护工作提供借鉴。     

以地理信息系统为基础的农业地质环境研究

根据地理信息系统(GIS)制图方法对四川省内江市双桥乡农业地质环境进行分析。结果表明,双桥乡土壤Cr、Cu、Hg、Pb、As元素含量较低,大部分符合地质环境一级标准;Zn、Ni、Cd元素含量较高,但也符合地质环境质量二级标准。通过叠加法将8种重金属元素综合考虑得到双桥乡绝大部分土壤区域为Ⅱ类土壤,所占比例在97%左右。对土壤肥力分析可知,双桥乡土壤全钾含量富足,有机质碳与全氮含量水平一般,土壤全磷含量整体水平偏低,在种植水稻过程中需多施加含磷化肥。     

坡面过程、块体移动和土壤侵蚀研究进展

Soil erosion and land degradation are global problems and pose major issues in many countries.Both soil erosion and mass movement are two forms of land degradation and humans play important roles in these geomorphological processes.This paper reviews slope processes associated with mass movement and soil erosion and contributory factors,including physical and human agents.Acting together,these cause diverse geomorphological features.Slope processes are illustrated by reference to case studies from Brazil and UK.The causes and impacts of erosion are discussed,along with appropriate remedial bioengineering methods and the potential of the measures to prevent these types of environmental degradation.Although there are several agents of erosion,water is the most important one.Cultivation can promote soil erosion,due to ploughing and harvesting,which moves soil down slopes.Soil erosion and mass movement data would inform the viability of soil conservation practices.Integrated management of drainage basins offers a promising way forward for effective soil conservation and soil remedial bioengineering in Brazil and UK.