狗牙根辐射诱变后代外部性状变异分析

对1997-2002年经过辐射诱变得到的狗牙根诱变后代的6个坪用性状指标的统计分析结果表明,1)不同的辐射诱变剂量处理的后代间坪用性状有显著差异,尤其在节间直径和密度上,6 800 rads处理的后代节间都比9 000 rads处理的后代粗,而密度是前者低于后者,2种剂量处理都可以显著降低草层高度;2)不同辐射诱变代数的后代间存在着差异,原始种源进行多代的辐射诱变,可以使得叶片显著变窄,草层高度显著降低,节间变细变长; 3)同一材料在相同辐射剂量诱变处理后匍匐茎不同节之间也存在显著的差异.     

河北省冬小麦生育期蒸降差的时空变化及其原因分析

冬小麦生育期蒸降差是制定灌溉计划的重要依据,了解其时空变化及影响因素,可以为水资源高效利用提供参考。利用河北省冬麦区1965-2007年48个地面气象站资料,根据FAO推荐的Penman-Monteith公式,分析了河北省冬小麦生育期蒸降差的时空变化及其与气象要素的关系。结果表明:河北省冬小麦生育前、中、后期各站蒸降差均为正值,表明全生育期水分亏缺;生育中期的水分亏缺最严重,且变率较小;水分亏缺最大的区域位于河北省东南部地区。随着气候变化,各生育期蒸降差均为减少趋势,其中全生育期和后期的减少趋势明显(P0.01),前期和中期的减少趋势不显著;全生育期蒸降差的变率较小。相关分析表明:引起冬小麦全生育期蒸降差减少的气象原因主要是日照时数减少和风速下降,最低气温对其有一定影响,但不起决定作用。     

Spatial distribution of Aspergillus flavus and its toxigenic strains on commercial cottonseed from south Texas and its relationship to aflatoxin contamination

The structure of Aspergillus flavus communities associated with south Texas cottonseed was determined by analysing samples from 178 truckloads of commercial cottonseed from 35 gins, extending from Fort Bend County in the north to the Rio Grande Valley in the south, from September 1999 to October 2001. The number of colony-forming units (CFU) of A. flavus on the cottonseed, and the percentage of S strain (%S) were both correlated with aflatoxin contamination of cottonseed. The number of CFU differed between both regions and seasons, while %S differed only between regions. Comparison of maps of CFU and %S revealed that CFU shows a higher variation across years, while %S shows higher spatial variation. The Rio Grande Valley had significantly lower CFU and %S strain than the Coastal Bend and Upper Coast regions. Cottonseed produced in 1999 had significantly more A. flavus than that produced in either 2000 or 2001. Identification of factors dictating geographical variation in S-strain incidence may provide insights that will lead to improved aflatoxin management.     

拷贝数变异及其在畜禽中的研究进展

单核苷酸多态性一直以来都是很多分子生物学家研究的焦点。生物体基因组研究的核心内容是为了了解表型差异的分子遗传机制,但是要理解表型差异的分子基础就必须要对所有类型的变异有深刻的认识,而不仅仅是单核苷酸变异。拷贝数变异是指DNA 片段大小范围从kb到Mb的亚微观突变,由于很多拷贝数变异的片段足够大,包含了整个基因,因此,相对于单核苷酸变异它们更有可能影响生物体的健康。很多研究结果表明,特殊基因的拷贝数变异与表型差异有着显著的联系。作者阐述了拷贝数变异的概念,重点介绍了这种变异的形成机制和检测方法,并阐述了其在畜禽中的研究。     

云南省三尖杉属植物的地理分布与环境因子的关系

研究分析了云南地区三尖杉属植物地理分布与气候和土壤因子之间的关系，结果表明：水热条件特别是极端最高温、年均降水量、最高月均温和年均温是云南三尖杉属植物分布的主要限制因子，它们的异质性可能就是造成该属植物在水平和垂直分布的差异性；三尖杉属植物对土壤因子的要求较低，是一类喜欢水湿而耐荫蔽的，广布而狭生境的珍贵药用植物。     

Variations in wood anatomical properties and specific gravity of half sib progenies of Populus deltoides

We studied radial and inter-progeny variations in the dimensions of the wood elements and specific gravity of 21 half sib progenies of Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. The female parents of half sibprogenies were G48 and S7C13 clones. Variance ratio (F) test indicated that inter-progeny variations in the dimensions of wood elements andspecific gravity were significant for all wood traits while variations were significant for radial location for specific gravity only. Hierarchical cluster analysis was done by Squared Euclidean Distance for all of 21 progenies considering six wood traits. 21 progenies were grouped into 4 clusters. Cluster 1 was the largest cluster with 11 progenies, whereas cluster 3 had only one progeny. Selected progenies in clusters 3 (progeny 155,male) and 4 (progeny 108, 196, both female) were highly divergent from the other progenies so they were used in combinations as parents of hybrids to develop new clones with desired characters. Progeny 155 showed higher growth, fiber dimensions, and specific gravity, thus,should be used for the development of new clones.     

2007-2017年府谷-龙门段河道冲淤特征及其动力机制

[目的]河道演变是水流、泥沙与河床边界相互作用的结果,对水利工程的安全、洪涝灾害的防控有显著的影响。黄河中游府谷—龙门段位于晋陕峡谷地带,以黄土高原沟壑侵蚀地貌为主,流经的黄土高原地区是黄河泥沙的主要来源,因此研究该河段的河道冲淤特征及影响因素对控制黄河中游水土流失有重要意义。[方法]基于府谷、吴堡、龙门3个典型水文站径流泥沙及河道断面数据,分析了2007—2017年府谷—龙门段河道冲淤特征及相关影响因素。[结果](1)近11年来府谷—龙门段河道整体表现为冲刷,其中府谷—吴堡段表现为河道冲刷量逐渐减小,吴堡—龙门段表现为河道冲刷逐年加剧。(2)府谷—吴堡段呈水减沙增的趋势,吴堡—龙门段整体表现为水多沙少,两河段河道冲淤量与水流含沙量变化同步。(3)府谷—吴堡段悬移质泥沙中值粒径呈增加趋势,河道冲刷变缓;吴堡—龙门段悬移质泥沙中值粒径呈减小趋势,加剧河道侵蚀。(4)府谷站入黄泥沙量增加,河道侵蚀力降低,河道冲刷变缓;吴堡站入黄泥沙量减少,河道侵蚀力增强,河道处于冲刷的状态。[结论]径流泥沙的变化在很大程度上影响了府谷—龙门段河道冲淤。在生态环境有所改善的背景下,研究该河段河道冲淤特征及动...     

From Experience-Oriented to Quantity-Based: A Method for Landscape Plant Selection and Configuration in Urban Built-Up Areas

Sunshine is the key ecological factor for the growth, development, and reproduction of all green plants. Experience-oriented methods are the main approach in the stage of plant selection and configuration for landscape planning and design. However, our survey showed that this approach is unreliable in complex built-up environments. The objective of this research was to find a sound strategy for the selection and configuration of landscape plants, thereby ensuring their healthy growth and development. In this research, we adopted a geographic information system (GIS) as the technological platform, combined with a sunshine simulation and evaluation model, and a landscape plant database. The system can automatically retrieve and match landscape plants for different levels of solar radiation at specific geographic sites. This quantity-based assessment of the solar environment can overcome the drawbacks of the experience-oriented approaches, and can be used for landscape plant selection in the early stages of landscape planning and design, and also for their conservation and replacement.     

城镇地籍数据时空演变研究方法

建立城镇地籍数时空模型,运用时空分析方法,综合分析地籍数据的时间、空间和属性等各基本特征之间的相互关系,挖掘城镇地籍数据中的隐藏信息,探索研究城镇地籍数据空演变规律的方法。