不同药剂对榆紫叶甲的防治效果及对其生殖系统的影响初探

采用灭幼脲类、苦参碱、蔗糖酯和抑食肼类9种药(试)剂对榆紫叶甲进行防治效果测定,结果表明:6%吡虫啉可溶液剂、5%除虫脲乳油在低体积分数下就可以起到极好的杀虫效果,蔗糖酯作用不明显,其他几种药剂的杀虫效果亦较为理想。对死亡个体生殖系统的组织形态学研究发现:灭幼脲类农药与20%米满悬浮剂对精子和卵子的形成起到一定的抑制作用,灭幼脲类农药可导致生殖系统形态发生萎缩变化,而其他药剂作用不明显。     

进入生殖嵴前PGCs中H2A变体的分布

小鼠原始生殖细胞进入生殖嵴之前经历细胞迁移、大量繁殖。为进一步解分子调控机制,文章通过组织石蜡切片免疫荧光染色和单细胞免疫荧光染色技术,对8.5、10.5 dpcPGCs中组蛋白H2A变体MacroH2A、H2A.Z、H2A. X的分布情况进行研究。结果表明,8.5~10.5 dpc,H2A.Z在PGCs中的表达明显递增,10.5 dpc PGCs中H2A.Z的表达主要集中于细胞核;而MacroH2A和H2A.X在此过程中无明显变化,在细胞质和细胞核中弱表达。综合分析发现,8.5~10.5 dpc PGCs中H2A.Z可能是装配核小体的主要变体,PGCs大量繁殖可能有H2A.Z的参与。     

Rapid divergent coevolution of Sinopotamon freshwater crab genitalia facilitates a burst of species diversification

One of the most striking radiations in brachyuran evolution is the considerable morphological diversification of the external reproductive structures of primary freshwater crabs: the male first gonopod (G1) and the female vulva (FV). However, the lack of quantitative studies, especially the lack of data on female genitalia, has seriously limited our understanding of genital evolution in these lineages. Here we examined 69 species of the large Chinese potamid freshwater crab genus Sinopotamon Bott, 1967 (more than 80% of the described species). We used a landmark‐based geometric morphometric approach to analyze variation in the shape of the G1 and FV, and to compare the relative degree of variability of the genitalia with non‐reproductive structures (the third maxillipeds). We found rapid divergent evolution of the genitalia among species of Sinopotamon when compared to non‐reproductive traits. In addition, the reconstruction of ancestral groundplans, together with plotting analyses, indicated that the FV show the most rapid divergence, and that changes in FV traits correlate with changes in G1 traits. Here we provide new evidence for coevolution between the male and female external genitalia of Sinopotamon that has likely contributed to rapid divergent evolution and an associated burst of speciation in this lineage.     

从原始生殖细胞分离昆明小鼠EG细胞及其传代培养

为提高昆明小鼠胚胎生殖细胞(embryonic germ cells, EG cells)建系效率，以怀孕8.5～12.5 d小鼠胎儿为材料，比较了胎儿后1/3部位的组织共培养、生殖嵴共培养、差速贴壁和穿刺生殖嵴4种分离胚胎原始生殖细胞(primordial germ cells，PGCs)的方法以及不同传代方式对EG细胞克隆的影响。结果表明：生殖嵴共培养和差速贴壁方式获得了较好分离EG细胞的效果，与其它两组比较差异显著；手工传代方式与连同成纤维细胞一起消化的传代方式相比获得了较高传代比率。对所分离EG细胞经形态观察、AKP染色和体外分化能力检测，证实其符合小鼠EG细胞的集落状生长、细胞未分化特性及细胞多能性等特征。     

Genital Abnormalities of the Female Dromedary (Camelus dromedurius). An Abattoir Survey

Contents: Post-mortem examination of 1048 nonpregnant genital organs of female camels revealed gross abnormalities in 22 (2.1%). Ovarian abnormalities included bilateral hypoplasia (0.1%), ovarian teratomas (0.4%) and follicular cysts (0.9%). Segmental aplasia of the cervix with cystic dilation of the uterine horns was noted in 8 specimens (0.8%). Out of 467 pregnant genital organs examined left hydrosalpinx was observed in one organ .
Inhalt: Genitale Anomalien beim weiblichen Dromedar (camelus dromedarius). Eine Schlachthofstudie
Bei einer Untersuchung von 1048 Genitalorganen von nichttrachtigen, geschlachteten, weiblichen Kamelen wurden in 22 Fällen (2,1%) morphologische Anomalien festgestellt. Ovaranomalien bestanden in bilateraler Hypoplasie (0,1%), Teratome (0,4%) und Follikelzysten (0,9%). Segmentale Aplasie der Cervix mit zystischer Veergräβerung der Uterushörner wurden in 8 Fällen (0,s%) gefunden. Von 467 trächtigen Genitalorganen wurde nur in einem Fall eine linksseitige Hydrosalpinx beobachtet .     

两种油菜露尾甲外生殖器结构的观察

对春油菜上的两种露尾甲害虫 ,油菜叶露尾甲和油菜花露尾甲的雌雄外生殖器的形态结构进行了比较研究 ,发现两种露尾甲的产卵器结构差异较大 ,是其产卵时对油菜造成危害不同的基本原因。通过对两种露尾甲的雄性外生殖器结构比较 ,表明其雄性外生殖器结构不同 ,特别是阳茎基差异明显 ,可用于两者的区别     

环境激素2,4-二氯苯酚对家蚕生殖发育的影响

为了探讨环境激素对鳞翅目昆虫的影响,用添加2,4-二氯苯酚（2,4-DCP）的人工饲料饲养家蚕,调查2,4-DCP对家蚕生殖发育的影响。结果显示,1.60 mmol.kg^-1以下浓度的2,4-DCP,对幼虫和蛹的卵巢生长有促进作用（P〈0.05）;1.60 mmol.kg-1的2,4-DCP对5龄后期快速生长阶段的卵巢表现出抑制作用,但在蛹期卵巢的生长获得补偿。高浓度的2,4-DCP对幼虫期、蛹期卵细胞的生长和发育有一定的促进作用（P〈0.01）。2,4-DCP对家蚕雄性生殖腺的生长、特别是5龄后期精巢的快速生长期表现出一定的抑制作用,在蛹期抑制作用表现十分强烈,1.60 mmol.kg^-1的2,4-DCP使雄蛾蚕的精巢几乎完全退化。2,4-DCP使5龄幼虫的精细胞数量微弱减少,至蛹期精细胞和蛾期精子的数量则显著少于对照（P〈0.01）。1.60 mmol.kg^-1的2,4-DCP使雌蛾的产卵数下降到对照的20%,但造卵数比对照高1.3倍,0.80 mmol.kg^-1以上浓度的2,4-DCP使不受精卵率显著增高（P〈0.05）。2,4-DCP主要通过强烈抑制家蚕雄性生殖腺和生殖细胞的发育以表现出很强的雌激素效应。     

Equus caballus papillomavirus‐2 (EcPV‐2): An infectious cause for equine genital cancer?

Reasons for performing study: The aetiology of genital squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in horses remains unknown, but the similarity to the disease in man, for which papillomavirus infection has been shown to be a causal factor, requires to be investigated in horses. Hypothesis: One or more novel papillomaviruses cause equine genital SCC and its associated premalignant lesions. Methods: DNA was extracted from samples of equine genital SCC and performed rolling circle amplification, in order to identify closed circular DNA viral genomes within the samples. The amplified DNA was subcloned and sequenced and the DNA sequence compared to that of other papillomavirus genomes. Using PCR primers developed from these genomic DNA sequences, studies were then carried out in order to identify the frequency at which the viral DNA could be identified in equine genital cancer samples from horses in both the UK, Australia and Austria. Finally, in situ hybridisation using specific probes developed from this DNA sequence were used to confirm the presence of the viral RNA sequences in the neoplastic cells in these lesions. Results: The full length genome of a novel papillomavirus species was characterised from the equine genital SCC tissue and termed Equus caballus papillomavirus‐2 (EcPV‐2). Viral DNA and RNA was identified in the genital tumour samples, but not in the adjacent histologically normal tissue. EcPV‐2 DNA could not be identified in equine ocular or nasal carcinomas or within the scrotal skin or in most smegma samples obtained from tumour‐free horses. Sequencing of amplicons, generated from the archived equine genital tumours, identified variations within E1 and E6 on DNA and predicted protein level. Conclusions: A novel papillomavirus, EcPV‐2, is likely to play a causal role in the pathogenesis of equine genital epithelial tumours. Potential relevance: Identification of a papillomavirus causal for genital carcinomas in horses may lead to development of a vaccine that could be used to prevent this serious disease in horses. This would be analogous to man, where vaccination against oncogenic papillomavirus species is currently being used to help prevent cervical cancer.     

荧光定量PCR检测牛性别相关基因DAX1表达的标准质粒和标准曲线的构建

本研究根据GenBank中登录的剂量敏感的性别反转－先天性肾上腺发育不良基因1(dosage-sensitive sex reversal, adrenal hypoplasia critical region, on chromosome X, gene 1,DAX1)设计引物,构建包含DAX1基因cDNA片段的质粒,作为中国荷斯坦牛DAX1基因mRNA定量检测的标准品,建立了DAX1基因mRNA表达实时荧光定量PCR检测方法。结果表明,该方法特异性好,检测灵敏度达102拷贝,线性范围为102～106拷贝,阈值循环数(Ct)与PCR体系中起始模板量的对数值间有着良好的线性关系(r=0.99975),扩增效率高(E=100%),可以作为检测牛DAX1基因mRNA定量检测方法。