烟草品种Coker176和Ti245抗TMV的遗传分析*

 以2个抗烟草花叶病毒（TMV）的烟草品种Coker176和Ti245及感TMV烟草品种K326为材料,经杂交、自交、回交建立F1,F2,BC1等世代群体。采用人工接种TMV的方法对各群体进行抗性鉴定,统计各世代抗感植株数;利用卡方测验对分离世代群体进行抗感分离比检测。结果表明,Coker176的TMV抗性由一对显性基因所控制,Ti245的TMV抗性由两对隐性基因所控制。最后对2个抗性亲本在抗TMV育种中的利用进行了探讨。     

粗皮桉种源/家系的遗传变异

粗皮桉是生产锯材的潜力树种之一。对其进行了种源/家系早期选择试验，结果表明：2年生试验林的平均树高和胸径分别为7.69m和7.08cm，保存率为75.08%，且各指标在种源和家系水平上都存在极显著差异；树高的遗传力随树龄的增加而增大，2年生时树高和胸径的遗传力分别为26.3%和22.8%，用指数选择法选出17861等8个种批（平均树高7.82-7.93m，平均胸径6.99-7.38cm)和211等15个家系（平均树高7.80-9.43m，平均胸径8.00-8.69cm)为推荐的潜力优良材料。     

捻转血矛线虫肌动蛋白基因的克隆与表达及其DNA疫苗的构建

根据秀丽新杆线虫等其他几种线虫的肌动蛋白(Actin)开放阅读框(ORF)设计简并引物,以捻转血矛线虫总RNA为模板,合成cDNA,用RT-PCR方法扩增出约为1 100 bp的DNA片段。将该片段克隆到T载体后进行序列测定和分析,结果表明该基因的ORF为1 131 bp,与秀丽新杆线虫、新杆状线虫、肿孔古柏线虫等的同源性高达86%以上,推导出其蛋白质序列含有376个氨基酸,与胎生网尾线虫、秀丽新杆线虫、新杆状线虫、马来丝虫等的肌动蛋白相似性均为98%以上,说明成功克隆了捻转血矛线虫actin基因。将捻转血矛线虫肌动蛋白基因的ORF克隆到pET-28a(+)中,构建了原核表达载体,用IPTG进行诱导表达。SDS-PAGE分析发现,该基因获得了表达,且以包涵体的形式存在,融合蛋白相对分子质量约46×103。以此重组蛋白为抗原,用自然感染捻转血矛线虫山羊血清为第一抗体进行Western blot分析,结果出现1条特异性条带,表明捻转血矛线虫Actin蛋白在自然感染过程中能被宿主的免疫系统识别,可能是一种天然抗原。用纯化重组Actin蛋白免疫小鼠,制备抗血清,以该血清为第一抗体进行Western blot,结果发现该血清能识别捻转血矛线虫成虫蛋白谱中相对分子质量约为42×103的蛋白条带。将捻转血矛线虫actin基因亚克隆到真核表达载体pVAX1中,构建了DNA疫苗pVAX1-ACT,动物免疫试验结果表明该DNA疫苗在机体内获得了表达。     

水稻多基因型种群品种不同生态稻区的适应性研究

旨在探究水稻多基因型种群品种在不同生态稻区的适应性和稳定性,为多基因型种群品种的推广提供依据。选用参试品种‘尤群6号’、‘南八糯’和对照品种‘红优7号’开展田间试验,通过抗病性、农艺性状等指标进行综合评价。结果表明：参试品种‘尤群6号’(0.40~0.95 kg/m2)和‘南八糯’(0.81~1.04 kg/m2)在4个稻区产量显著高于对照品种（尤群6号在文山地区表现除外）;田间发病总体较轻,个别品种在局部试验点表现有差异,‘尤群6号’在文山稻瘟病发生 (DI=48.66)和粳稻区楚雄稻曲病发生相对较重,仍需继续种植综合观察;品种生育期随试验点海拔的升高而缩短,株高随月平均气温升高而增高,品种内株高变异系数介于1.97~6.13之间。研究表明参试品种在籼粳混栽区红河表现最佳,籼稻区德宏表现较好,在文山、楚雄田间表现有待继续评价;总体上,表现出较好适应性和稳定性。     

湖羊生长性状遗传参数的估测

对湖羊生长性状的表型参数和遗传参数的估测表明，性别对这些生长性状有极显著的影响，在遗传参数的估测中剔除性别的效应可提高估计的正确性。初生重、断奶重、三月龄重、六月龄重、周岁重和日增重等性状都属于高遗传力性状，遗传力分别为０．４１９０，０．３０４２．０．６０２３，０．６０７７，０．３９５６和０．６９４５．根据相关分析结果，为提高湖羊的生长速度和肉用性能，把日增重和三月龄重作为主要选择性状，预期可获得较好的效果     

Avian CD154 enhances humoral and cellular immune responses induced by an adenovirus vector-based vaccine in chickens

Recombinant adenoviral vectors have emerged as an attractive system for veterinary vaccines development. However, for poultry vaccination a very important criterion for an ideal vaccine is its low cost. The objective of this study was to test the ability of chicken CD154 to enhance the immunogenicity of an adenoviral vector-based vaccine against avian influenza virus in order to reduce the amount of antigen required to induce an effective immune response in avian. Chickens were vaccinated with three different doses of adenoviral vectors encoding either HA (AdHA), or HA fused to extracellular domain chicken's CD154 (AdHACD). Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay and relative quantification of IFN-γ showed that the adenoviral vector encoding for the chimeric antigen is able to elicit an improved humoral and cellular immune response, which demonstrated that CD154 can be used as a molecular adjuvant allowing to reduce in about 50-fold the amount of adenoviral vector vaccine required to induce an effective immune response.     

Identification of Neofabraea species causing bull's eye rot of apple in Poland and their direct detection in apple fruit using multiplex PCR

Based on partial sequence analysis of the β‐tubulin gene, 19 isolates of fungi causing bull's eye rot on apple in Poland were classified into species: Neofabraea alba, N. perennans and N. kienholzii. To the authors’ knowledge, the detection of N. kienholzii is the second in Europe and the first in Poland. Species affiliation of these fungi was confirmed by a new species‐specific multiplex PCR assay developed on the basis of previously published methods. The new protocol allowed for the specific identification of bull's eye rot‐causing species, both from pure cultures and directly from the skin of diseased or apparently healthy apples. In 550 samples of diseased fruits collected from nine cold storage rooms located in three regions of Poland, in 2011 and 2012, N. alba was detected as the predominant species causing bull's eye rot, occurring on average in 94% of the tested samples. Neofabraea perennans was found in a minority of apple samples, N. kienholzii was found only in two apple samples, while N. malicorticis was not detected in any sample tested. In tests on 120 apparently healthy fruits, only N. perennans was detected in a single sample. The results of genetic diversity analyses of bull's eye rot‐causing fungi based on the β‐tubulin gene sequence and an ISSR (inter‐simple sequence repeat) PCR assay with two primers were consistent, showing the expected segregation of tested isolates with respect to their species boundaries. However, the genetic distance between N. perennans and N. malicorticis was very low, as reported previously.     

基于ITS序列的曼陀罗属植物的分类学研究

根据曼陀罗属核糖体基因转录间隔区(ITS)序列设计通用引物,得到33个不同来源的曼陀罗属植物的ITS序列,并以小天仙子(Hyoscyamus bohemicus)为外群,应用遗传距离与系统树分析法对曼陀罗属植物之间的分类进行了初步探讨。结果表明:在供试样品中,紫花曼陀罗(Datura tatula)和曼陀罗(Daturastramonium)的ITS序列完全相同;多刺曼陀罗(Datura ferox)、栎叶曼陀罗(Datura quercifolia)和曼陀罗(Datura stramonium)之间的亲缘关系很近;紫花曼陀曼(Datura tatula)、曼陀罗(Datura stramonium)、无刺曼陀罗(Datura inermis)和光滑曼陀罗(Datura laevis)4个种间不存在遗传距离;传统分类中曼陀罗属的Dutra亚属内除光曼陀罗(Datura leichhardtii)和异色曼陀罗(Datura discolor)在ITS序列表现为比较独立的2个种外,其他各种间的亲缘关系也较近;在ITS序列上湿地曼陀罗(Datura ceratocaula)与曼陀罗(Daturastramonium...     

闽楠优树子代测定及早期选择研究

对建立在福建省永安国有林场的8个种源41个家系闽楠Phoebe bournei优树子代测定林进行连续5年的调查分析,结果表明:闽楠不同家系在树高、胸径、材积生长上差异达到极显著水平,这些差异主要由家系本身的遗传特性决定.以材积生长作为主要选择依据,初选出Np617、yp602、Yp604等9个速生优良家系,其6a林龄树高平均值4.53 m,胸径平均值4.70 cm,材积平均值0.004 879 m3,平均遗传增益18.74％、22.37％、75.72％;初选出Ya101、Ya102、Ya103等30个速生优良单株,其6a林龄树高平均值5.34m,胸径平均值6.30 cm,材积平均值0.009 141 m3,平均遗传增益29.68％、36.28％、157.89％.这些优良家系和优良单株可用于闽楠育种群体和无性繁殖材料的选择以及种质资源库的建立.