影响猪遗传评估效果的主要因素研究

综述了影响猪遗传评估效果的主要因素和猪遗传评估的发展趋势。影响猪遗传评估效果的主要因素有猪遗传评估方法、计算技术以及环境效应（包括方差异质性）、选择、非加性效应、非正态分布、性状间相关、有重复的记录等模型制约因子等方法。此外，阐述了贝叶斯分析理论在传参数估计中的应用。     

花粉管通道法在单子叶作物遗传转化上的应用

文章综述了花粉管通道法进行遗传转化的发展历程及其在单子叶作物上的应用,对其在遗传转化中所涉及的机理进行了探讨,同时简要介绍了转化的操作步骤及存在的技术问题,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

RAPD Analysis of Twelve General Species of Gladiolus hybridus Hort

Gladiolus hybridus Hort., also named Chang or- chid, gladiola, Shi Yang jin and Flat Zhulian, is a perennial bulb plant of Iridaceae Gladiolus and one of the famous four cutting flowers in the world. Gladiolus hybridus Hort. is an exotic species. There is…     

Transpiration response of two bread wheat lines differing in drought resilience and their backcross parent under dry-down conditions

Improving wheat productivity in drylands largely depends on how plants manage limited water resources. Using fraction of transpirable soil water threshold (FTSW_Th) and drought stress response function, we characterized the water conservation traits of two wheat multiple synthetic derivative lines (MSD53 and MSD345) which both contain introgressed segments from Aegilops tauschii but differ in drought resilience. The lines and their backcross parent, ‘Norin 61’, were subjected to dry-down conditions. MSD53 had a higher FTSW_Th for transpiration decrease than ‘Norin 61’ and MSD345. In terms of drought stress response function, MSD53 had the lowest threshold suction, suggesting a lower drought resilience capacity compared with MSD345. However, MSD53 exhibited an effective-water-use trait whereas MSD345 exhibited a water-saving trait under dry-down conditions. These results are consistent with the reported higher yield of MSD53 in comparison with MSD345 under drought stress in Sudan, and demonstrate that high FTSW_Th supports effective water use for improved agricultural productivity in drylands. The differences in water conservation traits between the two MSD lines may be attributed to variation in introgressed segments, which can be further explored for drought resilience breeding.     

Genetic Analysis of Some Chemotypes in Ocimum basilicum var. glabratum

Screening of a population of Ocimum basilicum var. glabratum Benth., raised from seeds collected from France, West Africa and Kerala (India) was carried out for chemical composition of its essential oils. In all three collections, plants were found to be comprised of 3 chemotypes which were morphologically indistinguishable, but each chemotype was found to be capable of intercrossing freely with the other two. Selfing was carried out during 4 consecutive generations, after which three pure lines were established. Study of the selfed progeny of each collection exhibited an interesting segregation in S₂ and S₃ generations. Along with segregation in F₂ and F₃ generations of various hybrids the results can be explained by assuming a gene ‘M’ existing in 3 (or more) allelic forms: The allele M₀ for biosynthesis of estragole (methyl chavicol) is dominant to allelcs M₁ , for eugenol and M₂ for camphor. Also, allele M₁ is dominant to allele M₂ . The assumption was further confirmed by testcrosses of F₁ hybrids of each cross with their recessive parent.     

优质蛋白玉米选育的分子遗传途径

本文综述了opaque突变基因及其修饰基因的最新研究进展。从分子生物学角度分析了优质蛋白玉米育种过程中突变基因及修饰基因改善蛋白质品质和控制籽粒性状的遗传机理,提出了利用突变基因及修饰基因减少玉米醇溶蛋白,增进玉米品质的思路。     

贵州荞麦重要种质的遗传多样性分析及分子身份证构建

为精准鉴定贵州荞麦种质资源,采用SSR分子标记对60份荞麦种质进行遗传多样性分析,构建DNA分子身份证数据库。结果显示,从100对SSR引物中筛选出16对稳定性好、多态性丰富的引物,在60份供试种质中共扩增出174个多态性条带;Shannon’s信息指数、Nei’s多样性指数、多态信息指数均值分别为0.337、0.206、0.693,引物的多态性较好,能有效揭示60份荞麦种质的遗传多样性;在Dice遗传相似系数为0.374时,所有供试材料可聚为A、B、C 三组;当Dice遗传相似系数为0.484时,将苦荞组（A组）更细分为A1、A2两个小组。采用毛细管电泳及8%的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶（PAGE）电泳对SSR标记扩增产物进行双验证,2种方法的聚类结果一致。结果表明,本研究开发的高效性SSR分子标记能够有效地鉴定贵州荞麦重要种质的遗传多样性且用于构建分子身份证。     

基于形态性状和SSR标记的克氏原螯虾养殖群体遗传多样性分析

为客观评估广西南宁周边地区克氏原螯虾养殖群体的遗传多样性,采集来自南宁的3个克氏原螯虾群体——埃及群体（AJ）、良庆群体（LQ）和上林群体（SL）,以及湖北荆州（JZ）和江西湖口（HK）的群体各1个,采用形态学结合微卫星分子标记的方法分析其遗传多样性水平。形态分析结果显示,雌性群体的综合判别准确率为68.59%,雄性群体的综合判别准确率为73.60%;3个南宁群体（AJ,LQ,SL）与JZ群体聚为一类,3个南宁群体间具有较高的形态相似度。微卫星分析结果显示,AJ群体和LQ群体的遗传多样性最高,SL群体和HK群体次之;LQ群体与SL群体的遗传分化系数和遗传距离最小。结果表明广西南宁克氏原螯虾群体具有较高的遗传多样性,从国外引种或国内不同地理来源群体的杂交可能是提高克氏原螯虾群体遗传多样性的重要途径。     

大白菜DH0与DH1代群体的遗传稳定性分析

以游离小孢子培养获得的HY大白菜DH0代及其自交后代DH1群体与HY(F1),共33份材料为试验材料,调查了其株高、球茎和外叶数3个农艺性状,发现不同的株系性状分离较大。同时采用RAPD技术分析了2代之间的遗传稳定性。从106条RAPD随机引物中筛选出33条重复性好并且具有多态性的引物,进行扩增。从33份材料中扩增了206条带,其中多态带为136条(66.1%)。通过系统聚类分析,DH0代及其子代DH1代遗传关系近,绝大部分能优先聚在一起。说明纯合的小孢子植株单株性状在遗传中很少发生变异,具有很好的遗传稳定性。     

Functional polymorphism among members of abscisic acid receptor family(ZmPYL) in maize

Pyrabactin resistance 1-like proteins(PYLs) are direct receptors of abscisic acid(ABA). For the redundant and polymorphic functions, some members of the PYL family interact with components of other signaling pathways. Here, 253 positive colonies from a maize cDNA library were screened as interacting proteins with the members of ZmPYL family. After sequencing and function annotation, 17 of 28 interaction combinations were verified by yeast two-hybrid(Y2 H). The germination potential, taproot length and proline content of a quartet mutant of Arabidopsis PYL genes were significantly deceased comparing to the wild type(WT) under alkaline stress(pH 8.5) and 100 μmol L–1 methyl jasmonate(MeJA) induction. The malondialdehyde(MDA) content was significantly increased. After germinating in darkness, the characteristics of dark morphogenesis of the quartet mutant seedlings were more obvious than those of the WT. The differential expression of the related genes of photomorphogenesis in the mutant was much more than that in the WT. Three light and two JA responsive cis-affecting elements were identified during the promoter sequences of the AtPYL1 and AtPYL2 genes. These results suggested that functional polymorphism has evolved among the members of ZmPYL family. In response to developmental and environmental stimuli, they not only function as direct ABA receptors but also interact with components of other signaling pathways mediated JA, brassinosteroid(BR), auxin, etc., and even directly regulate downstream stress-related proteins. These signaling pathways can interact at various crosstalk points and different levels of gene expression within a sophisticated network.