Differential response of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) families to field establishment stress

High seedling mortality during the establishment phase of cocoa has become a critical constraint to sustainable cocoa farming. The objective of this study was to develop varieties with higher seedling survival compared with cultivars currently recommended for planting in denuded regions. Thirty‐seven families composed into two sets of 18 (families from recommended clones) and 19 (families from recently introduced clones) were evaluated for field survival under full sunlight and dry weather conditions. Families differed significantly for vigour (increase in trunk cross‐sectional area, TCSA) and percentage of survived seedlings by the end of the dry weather conditions. Survival and vigour were significantly correlated in only one set of families. The contribution of general combining ability (GCA) to seedling survival was low to moderate. An Amelonado clone and clones from the Iquitos genetic group had negative GCA estimates for both increase in TCSA and survival. Clones of Scavina origin had the most positive contribution to survival. The key outcome of the study was that cocoa families with higher establishment success can be obtained from the currently available germplasm.     

Genetic parameters and genotype by environment interaction of Eucalyptus grandis populations used in intraspecific hybrid production in South Africa

In South Africa, Eucalyptus grandis is an important species due to its fast growth and general suitability of its timber for a range of products. However, E. grandis is susceptible to fungal diseases such as Crysoporthe austroafricana and Coniothyrium sp. cankers in the subtropical region of Zululand and is therefore mainly planted as a parental species in a hybrid combination with E. urophylla in this region. The current strategy is to maintain large breeding populations of both parental species in order to provide improved elite selections for hybrid crosses. In order to develop the best interspecific hybrid breeding strategy for E. grandis, it is important to first determine estimates of genetic parameters of the pure species parents. Estimating the genotype by environment interaction (G×E) is also necessary in proposing the basis for setting up breeding populations and selecting environmentally stable genotypes. With this in mind, two E. grandis full-sib progeny trials were planted in Zululand and one in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands region. The aims of this study were firstly to determine the magnitude of G×E of E. grandis across the three sites; secondly, to estimate the genetic parameters for growth of the E. grandis parents selected for intraspecific crosses; and lastly, to identify the best parents to use for intra- and interspecific crosses in future hybrid breeding programmes. Results of our study indicated that G×E would be practically negligible for growth in Zululand and one group of elite parents can be used for hybrid crosses in this region. In general, growth traits were under low to moderate genetic control, and the variation in additive genetics enabled us to identify E. grandis parents that could be utilised for intraspecific crosses and deliver progeny with genetic gains of 28.4%. Our study also highlighted that a relatively large portion of the genetic variation was explained by dominance genetic variation and a strategy to capture this non-additive variation needs investigation. Although our study achieved the stated aims, it must be kept in mind that E. grandis is mainly used as a hybrid parent with E. urophylla in Zululand. A study to investigate whether the parents with good general combining ability values from our study are also good general combiners in interspecific hybrid combinations with E. urophylla needs to be conducted.     

酶法提取海红果总黄酮工艺及海红果黄酮粗提物对HeLa细胞的增殖作用

研究酶法提取海红果中总黄酮的最佳工艺及海红果黄酮粗提物对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞增殖作用.采用单因素试验考察纤维素酶、果胶酶、复合酶(不同质量比的纤维素酶和果胶酶)及酶解时间、酶解温度、酶解液pH对海红果总黄酮提取率的影响,运用二次通用旋转回归组合设计优化酶法提取海红果总黄酮的最佳提取工艺参数;采用MTT法探讨海红果黄酮粗提物对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞增殖的影响.结果表明:4个参试因素对海红果中总黄酮提取率影响的大小顺序为:酶的质量浓度＞酶解时间＞酶解温度＞pH.经试验验证,0.25 mg/mL的复合酶(质量比为2∶1的纤维素酶和果胶酶)、酶解时间150 min、酶解温度50℃、初始酶解液pH6.0总黄酮提取率最高,达(0.356 3±0.000 6)％(n=5),与理论计算值0.360 0％相对误差仅1.028％,两者有很好的一致性.海红果黄酮粗提物对HeLa细胞的增殖有较强的抑制作用,其对HeLa细胞增殖的半数抑制浓度(IC50)为109.89 mg/L.酶法提取海红果中总黄酮的提取率比溶剂浸提法有显著提高;海红果黄酮可以作为一种安全有效的抗肿瘤药物.     

杭州市综合医院园林植物配置调查分析

以杭州市综合性医院为观测点,从植物的种类数量、植物应用频度、植物观赏特性、植物配置形式等方面对其植物配置进行了分析,并提出了一些问题及建议,以期为未来的医疗机构内植物配置提供参考。     

灵芝超声波循环提取物成分及活性物质

采用超声波循环提取获得一种新的灵芝提取物。分析表明,其蛋白质34.41 g.100-1.g-1、可溶性粗多糖40.0 g.100-1.g-1和矿质元素磷1.66 mg.g-1的含量分别高于普通灵芝提取物32.96%、29.45%和30.71%。提取物中均含有18种氨基酸,全氨基酸总量为17.43 g.100-1.g-1,较普通提取物12.95 g.100-1.g-1高34.57%;此外,还检出2种天然活性成分--γ-氨基丁酸和牛磺酸,含量分别为21.92 mg.100-1.g-1和45.97 mg.100-1.g-1。液相质谱分析结果:从提取物中分离检测到至少13个清晰的分子离子峰,m/z范围为266.1~678.5,与香豆素、甾醇类、三萜酸及三萜皂苷等小分子天然活性成分的分子量信息相匹配。     

高校图书馆与大学生通识教育

阐述了通识教育与高校图书馆的关系,从合理建设馆藏、延长书刊借阅时间、提高馆员的素质、加强信息素质教育及加强导读工作等方面,论述了高校图书馆在大学生通识教育的作用与对策。     

栽培密度和氮磷施肥水平对陇薯7号产量的影响

为优化陇薯7号生产栽培技术,采用二次通用旋转设计,研究了陇薯7号产量与栽培密度、施氮量及施磷量的定量关系,建立了以陇薯7号产量为目标函数的数学模型,解析了各因子对产量的主效应及互作效应。结果表明:建立的回归模型达显著水平,且拟合性较好。各栽培因子对陇薯7号产量的影响为:栽培密度>氮>磷,各因子间交互作用较大。经模拟寻优,确定了陇薯7号在甘肃中部半干旱地区产量各栽培因子优化组合方案:栽培密度为43 980～47 190株.hm-2,施氮量122.85～163.65kg.hm-2,施磷量102.00～138.90kg.hm-2。     

基于响应曲面法优化蜂胶的乙醇提取工艺

蜂胶具有优良的保健效果,一直被作为功能食品而加以应用。为了满足实际生产中提高蜂胶产品质量和生产效率的要求,在充分模拟实际生产条件的基础上,利用响应曲面法对蜂胶提取率和总黄酮含量的影响因素(提取时间、乙醇浓度、固液比、提取次数、提取温度)进行了分析。结果表明,针对本实验中采用的蜂胶毛胶样品,回归模型预测的蜂胶提取率达到38.324 6%,总黄酮含量达到199.776 0 mg/g;最佳提取条件为提取时间24 h,乙醇浓度95%,固液比1∶10,提取次数2次,提取温度为室温。为了达到指导实际生产的目的,试验结论须得到生产车间的实际检验。     

Nursery growth and dry weight of plus tree progenies of Pinus contorta

Height development, stem diameter and dry weight of plus tree progenies of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta ssp. latifolia) from controlled cross pollination, open pollination and selfing were evaluated in a nursery trial. Early growth was slow in year 1 but more rapid in year 2, and it showed higher correlation with total increment than late growth. Nursery growth was uncorrelated with 10‐year‐height in field. The controlled crosses started growth faster and became higher than the two other types of materials. The family variance within all types differed also significantly. Mother clone had larger influence on 2nd‐year‐growth than father clone. Height and diameter growth were slightly influenced by latitudinal but not altitudinal origin. Prolepsis was independent on both. Specific combining ability (SCA) decreased while general combining ability (GCA) increased by age. For dry weight, SCA was more important than GCA.