叶顶间隙对多相混输泵内流动特性的影响

为了揭示叶顶间隙对多相混输泵内流动特性的影响规律,在进口含气率为10%时,利用ANSYS CFX软件对不同叶顶间隙下泵内气液两相流态进行模拟,同时分析和总结了叶顶间隙对流道内流动特性的影响.研究表明,当叶顶间隙增加时,叶轮叶片进口附近低压区占比明显减少,并且叶轮进出口的压差也在逐渐减小.另外,在靠近叶片顶端时,压力等值线存在偏折现象.随着叶顶间隙逐渐增加,偏折加剧.存在叶顶间隙时,叶轮轮毂附近气相聚集得到了明显的改善,并且随着叶顶间隙的增加,气相在叶顶间隙内靠近叶顶处的聚集现象更加明显,导叶轮毂气相聚集位置沿着流动方向向下游移动.研究结果可为多相混输泵水力优化、性能改善和结构设计等提供依据.同时,研究结果进一步揭示了多相混输泵叶顶间隙流对混输泵性能的影响规律.     

泡姜精油成分GC-MS分析

为研究泡姜精油的成分及含量,采用蒸馏法提取泡姜和生姜精油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分别对泡姜和生姜精油成分进行分析比较。结果表明,检测出泡姜精油的主要挥发性成分45种,泡姜特有成分13种,相对含量较高的有桉油精、松油醇、β-人参烯、α-榄香烯等;泡姜与生姜精油共有成分32种,相对含量比较高的共有成分为：姜烯、β-甜没药烯、姜黄烯、γ-依兰油烯、柠檬醛、香叶醛。本研究确定了泡姜精油中的主要化合物组成,为评价泡姜口感及研究泡姜功能用途提供了理论依据。     

Greenhouse gas implications of water reuse in the Upper Pumpanga River Integrated Irrigation System, Philippines

Enhancing water productivity is often recommended as a “soft option” in addressing the problem of increasing water scarcity. However, improving water productivity, particularly through water reuse, incurs additional investment and may result in increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this study, we analysed the water productivity and GHG implications of water reuse through pumping groundwater and creek water, and compare this with gravity-fed canal irrigation in the Upper Pampanga River Integrated Irrigation System (UPRIIS) in the Philippines.Water productivity indicators show that water reuse contributes significantly to water productivity. For example, water productivity with respect to gross inflow (WP_gross) with water reuse (0.19 kg grain/m³) is 21% higher than without water reuse (0.15 kg grain/m³). However, there is a tradeoff between increasing water productivity and water reuse as water reuse increases GHG emissions. The estimated GHG emission from water reuse (pumping irrigation) is 1.47 times higher than without water reuse (gravity-fed canal irrigation). Given increasing concerns about climate change and the need to reduce carbon emissions, we recommend that a higher priority be given to water reuse only in areas where water scarcity is a serious issue.     

迷宫螺旋泵气液两相流场的数值模拟及试验

基于混合物多相流模型、RNGk-ε湍流模型和SIMPLEC算法,应用CFD软件Fluent对迷宫螺旋泵内气液两相流场进行数值模拟并通过试验进行验证.通过分析流道内不同截面上的压力、速度以及含气率分布,研究泵内气液两相流场的流动情况.模拟结果表明,压力分布从进口到出口沿螺旋槽逐渐升高,增压效果明显,速度分布在环形腔的外侧比在内侧稍大,螺旋部分含气率分布比较均匀,进出口处出现含气率分布不均匀现象,局部含气率较高,在此要防止气堵现象的发生.试验结果表明所采用的计算模型基本符合泵内部流动的实际情况,这说明模拟结果一定程度上揭示了迷宫螺旋泵内部气液两相流场的流动规律,可为迷宫螺旋泵气液两相流研究提供理论依据,试验结果同时表明迷宫螺旋泵进行气液混输时具有良好的曝气效果,可作为传统曝气设备的替代产品.     

Comparative life cycle environmental impacts of three beef production strategies in the Upper Midwestern United States

We used ISO-compliant life cycle assessment (LCA) to compare the cumulative energy use, ecological footprint, greenhouse gas emissions and eutrophying emissions associated with models of three beef production strategies as currently practiced in the Upper Midwestern United States. Specifically we examined systems where calves were either: weaned directly to feedlots; weaned to out-of-state wheat pastures (backgrounded) then finished in feedlots; or finished wholly on managed pasture and hay. Impacts per live-weight kg of beef produced were highest for pasture-finished beef for all impact categories and lowest for feedlot-finished beef, assuming equilibrium conditions in soil organic carbon fluxes across systems. A sensitivity analysis indicated the possibility of substantial reductions in net greenhouse gas emissions for pasture systems under conditions of positive soil organic carbon sequestration potential. Forage utilization rates were also found to have a modest influence on impact levels in pasture-based beef production. Three measures of resource use efficiency were applied and indicated that beef production, whether feedlot or pasture-based, generates lower edible resource returns on material/energy investment relative to other food production strategies.     

文丘利管在增压中冷柴油机EGR系统中的应用

针对增压中冷柴油机EGR系统,设计了3组不同的文丘利管,试验研究了不同文丘利管产生的效果及对增压中冷柴油机经济性能的影响。试验结果表明,文丘利管的进口截面、喉部截面以及出口截面之比不同,所产生的压降和扩压效果不同,而且对柴油机经济性能的影响也不同。同时还分析了试验过程中出现的激波现象和倒灌现象以及消除措施。     

便携式气体分析仪在柴油机排放测试中的应用

利用便携式气体分析仪在内燃机测试台架上对柴油机按照工况试验循环进行了废气排放分析测试,并对测试结果的有效性进行了分析与评判。     

不同降解阶段填埋垃圾体的气体渗透特性研究

通过对不同降解阶段填埋垃圾体渗透系数的测定，研究了在不同压实密度、不同含水率条件下垃圾体渗透特性的变化情况，实验表明：1.对不同降解阶段的填埋垃圾体，新鲜垃圾及混和垃圾的渗透系数接近，腐熟垃圾明显高于前两者；随压实密度增加，其气体渗透系数均呈指数规律递减；2.随着垃圾体含水率的增加，腐熟与新鲜垃圾的渗透系数均呈线性规律递减，含水率对渗透系数的影响要远小于压实密度的影响；3.新垃圾、混合垃圾、腐熟垃圾均具有较显著的各向异性特征，在典型压实密度下，水平方向的气体渗透系数Kh为垂直方向渗透系数Kv的3.5-27.3倍。     

混合器式液化石油气小型发动机性能研究

通过对汽油机改装的液化石油气发动机进行实验研究，得出了混合器形式对液化石油气发动机的性能有重要影响的结论，优先出既便于控制又有利于动力性发挥的等比例混合器；台架实验表明，通过对压缩比的匹配调整的空燃比的合理控制，汽油机改装的液化石油气发动机不用后处理技术就能满足排放法规和噪声法规，其动力性仅下降4％左右。     

烟气脱硫泵在我国农村小火电厂应用探讨

通过对目前我国农村现有的小火电厂现状进行分析,找出其落后原因以及对环境造成污染的因素.结合目前国家相关政策,对火电厂进行烟气脱硫改造,并通过对烟气脱硫泵发展和结构的研究,指出烟气脱硫泵在农村小火电厂技术改造中占有重要作用.