弧形鸭嘴式大蒜正芽播种机设计与试验

为解决大蒜正芽播种问题,设计了弧形鸭嘴式型大蒜正芽播种机,主要由单粒取种装置、鳞芽方向控制装置、直立下栽装置、传动系统以及机架、地轮等部分组成,可一次完成取种、换向、直立栽种和镇压作业。根据大蒜鳞芽外形尺寸参数,对播种机关键零部件进行了优化设计,设计了符合大蒜鳞芽外形尺寸分布的大、中、小3级取种勺;设计了弧形开口换向器,使芽尖弯曲大蒜鳞芽芽尖尽可能露出换向器;设计了中间轴随驱动圆盘同时旋转的直立下栽机构,实现11行下栽鸭嘴同时稳定作业,与弧形换向器配合实现芽尖不小于6mm大蒜鳞芽的正芽。以苍山四六瓣蒜和金乡杂交蒜为试验对象,进行田间播种性能试验,结果表明：行走速度在0.14~0.19m/s范围内,金乡杂交蒜的正芽率达到85%左右,苍山四六瓣蒜的正芽率达到90%左右,单粒率均达到93%以上,整体满足大蒜播种农艺要求。     

基于柔性夹持的青菜头收获机设计与试验

为解决西南丘陵山地青菜头机械化收获问题,结合青菜头生物特性和农艺要求,设计了一种具有柔性夹持功能的小型青菜头收获机。阐述了整机结构与工作原理,并对样机关键部件进行了结构设计和理论分析,柔性夹持装置初始间隙为60mm,最大允许通过青菜头直径为150mm,分析得到夹持输送带速度为0.37m/s、所需最大夹持力为38.04N;对割台架的仿地形能力和结构动力特性进行了分析,可得该结构允许地形起伏度为50mm,在安装割刀位置振幅最大,前5阶固有频率为115.63~783.60Hz,远大于发动机和地形产生的激励频率,因此不会发生共振现象。田间试验结果表明,切割及夹持输送机构运行平稳、振动小、切割有力、夹持力度适中;切割成功率为89.5%,青菜头损伤率为10.8%,实际工作效率为0.035hm2/h,各项性能指标基本满足设计和农艺技术要求。     

电液混合调控式大蒜播种机设计与试验

针对传统大蒜播种装备自动化程度低而导致的播种合格率和作业效率低等问题,设计了一种电液混合调控式大蒜播种机。该机主要由电控播种装置、播深调节装置、参数检测装置和人机交互界面等组成。以单片机为核心控制器,利用速度传感器和旋转编码器,实现了株距与作业速度的匹配;分析开沟入土阻力与入土深度关系,确定了播深调节液压装置关键部件;结合光电传感器和显示屏,完成了作业参数实时显示与播种异常报警功能。以杂交蒜为试验对象,分别进行了播深一致性试验、播量检测试验和播种质量试验,结果显示,播深调节平均误差为4.7%,播深变异系数平均值为5.3%;播量检测平均误差为4.0%;播种合格率为83.7%,漏播率为6.2%,满足大蒜播种农艺要求,且较同种条件下以汽油机为动力源的大蒜播种机漏播率降低3.1个百分点。     

旋耕式大蒜播种机关键部件优化及性能试验

为了提高旋耕式大蒜播种机对新疆大蒜种植模式的适应性,依据新疆蒜种外形尺寸优化蒜种勺参数,提高取种单粒率,降低空穴率及重播率。选择机具性能的主要因素(机具作业速度、大蒜种子外形尺寸、鳞芽长度),采用单因素试验分析进行田间试验,分析不同参数对大蒜播种机正芽率、空穴率、重播率的影响,得出各因素影响程度,为后期机具优化提供理论依据。     

野菊嫩茎的组织培养

在适宜的培养条件下,利用野菊花的嫩茎作为外植体,用组织培养的方法,在MS培养基上生长良好,获得再生植株.练苗后,成活率达100%,生长势强,茎粗壮叶色浓绿.结果表明:利用组织培养的方式对野菊花进行扩繁,简便易行.     

Response of Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Tempranillo’ to partial rootzone drying in the field: Water relations, growth, yield and fruit and wine quality

This paper reports the effects of irrigation amount and partial rootzone drying (PRD) on water relations, growth, yield and wine quality of Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Tempranillo’ during two consecutive years in a commercial vineyard with a deep, light-clay soil located in Requena, Valencia, Spain. Partial rootzone drying applied at two amounts (100% and 50% of the estimated crop evapotranspiration), was compared to conventional drip irrigation, and also to rainfed vines. Results showed that the effects of irrigation amount on yield and wine quality were different between years. In 2003 with low yield values (around 6.3 t ha⁻¹) irrigation did neither affect grape production nor wine quality. However, in the following year, with much higher general yield (17 t ha⁻¹), the high irrigation dose increased yield by 30% compared to rainfed vines and it also increased must total soluble solids and wine alcohol content. In both seasons, PRD did not significantly affect physiological parameters, nor growth, yield or fruit and wine quality, when compared to the same amount of water applied by conventional drip irrigation. Overall these results suggest that, under our experimental conditions, it was the irrigation amount rather than the system of application what affected vine performance, indicating the difficulties of successfully employing the PRD type of irrigation with a drip system in heavy and deep soils.     

Determining reference values for stem water potential and maximum daily trunk shrinkage in young apple trees based on plant responses to water deficit

The use of plant water status indicators such as midday stem water potential (Ψ_stem) and maximum daily trunk shrinkage (MDS) in irrigation scheduling requires the definition of a reference or threshold value, beyond which irrigation is necessary. These reference values are generally obtained by comparing the seasonal variation of plant water status with the environmental conditions under non-limiting soil water availability. In the present study an alternative approach is presented based on the plant’s response to water deficit. A drought experiment was carried out on two apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh. ‘Mutsu’ and ‘Cox Orange’) in which both indicators (Ψ_stem and MDS) were related to several plant physiological responses. Sap flow rates, maximum net photosynthesis rates and daily radial stem growth (DRSG) (derived from continuous stem diameter variation measurements) were considered in the assessment of the approach. Depending on the chosen plant response in relationship with Ψ_stem or MDS, the obtained reference values varied between −1.04 and −1.46 MPa for Ψ_stem and between 0.17 and 0.28 mm for MDS. In both cultivars, the approach based on maximum photosynthesis rates resulted in less negative Ψ_stem values and smaller MDS values, compared to the approaches with sap flow and daily radial stem growth. In the well-irrigated apple trees, day-to-day variations in midday Ψ_stem and MDS were related to the evaporative demand. These variations were more substantial for MDS than for midday Ψ_stem.     

背负式喷雾喷粉机的现状及发展

作物病虫草害是农业生产的最大障碍,实施防治其危害的植保机械,是保证增产稳产的重要措施。植保机械使用技术严重落后的现状与高速发展的农药水平极不相称,已严重妨碍了农作物病虫草害的防治,带来了诸如农药有效利用率低、农产品中农药残留超标、环境污染、作物药害、操作者中毒等负面影响,造成了不应有的损失以及其他不良后果。为此,植保机械需从结构、配套产品、药水配制和用材等多方面进行改进,以推进植保技术发展。     

The stromal cells and the hematopoietic restitution of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

As a major component of the hematopoietic microenvironment,stromal cells have been proved to support hematopoiesis. This review describes the constitution, origin of stromal cells and its mrechanism of regulate hematopoiesis, and then elaborates that the stromal cells play a important role in the hematopoietic restitution of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.     

火龙果茎多糖的超高压提取及抗氧化活性研究

为研究火龙果茎多糖的超高压提取工艺及抗氧化活性。在单因素试验基础上,采用Box-Behnken设计和响应面分析方法,确定超高压提取的最优工艺,并从清除ABTS自由基和DPPH自由基能力方面来评价火龙果茎多糖的体外抗氧化能力。结果表明,火龙果茎多糖的超高压提取的最佳工艺条件为:液固比10∶1(m L∶g)、超高压压力300 MPa、超高压时间4 min。在此工艺条件下多糖得率为(2.83±0.02)%。火龙果茎对ABTS自由基和DPPH自由基具有清除作用,对ABTS自由基和DPPH自由基的清除率IC_(50)分别为浓度为4.3 mg/m L和5.5 mg/m L时。