Neuroprotective effect of fasudil combined with bone marrow-derived neural stem cells on mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

AIM: To explore the neuroprotective effect of fasudil combined with bone marrow-derived neural stem cells (BM-NSCs) on the mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). METHODS: Female C57BL/6 mice (8~10 weeks old, n=32) were immunized with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 (MOG_35-55) to establish chronic EAE model. The mice were randomly divided into control (ddH₂O) group, fasudil group, BM-NSCs group, and fasudil+BM-NSCs group. The clinical score and body weight were recorded every other day. The expression of neurotrophic factors was determined by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS: In comparison with ddH₂O group, fasudil combined with BM-NSCs delayed onset and ameliorated severity of EAE. The numbers of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, neurotrophin-3 and ciliary neurotrophic factor positive cells in fasudil group, BM-NSCs group and fasudil+BM-NSCs group were all increased in various extents. In particularly, the expression of these neurotrophic factors in fasudil+BM-NSCs group was significantly higher than that in the mice treated with fasudil or BM-NSCs alone (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Fasudil combined with BM-NSCs promotes the expression of neurotrophic factors and improves microenvironment of central nervous system, thus playing a positive role in neural restoration and regeneration through a synergistic and superimposed effect.     

Seed growth of three perennial ryegrass cultivars sown on two dates and treated with trinexapac ethyl straw shortener

First‐year crops of diploid perennial ryegrass (cvs. Meridian, Bronsyn and Grasslands Impact) were sown on 1 April and 14 May 2008. Applications of trinexapac ethyl (TE) plant growth regulator at 0, 200 and 400 g a.i. ha^?1 were used to shorten stems to examine the impact of seed growth. Seed filling followed a consistent sigmoidal growth pattern with a lag phase of 127°C days, and linear duration of 390°C days. Time to 95% of final seed weight was 517°C days. Seed yield increases from TE were from higher numbers of first‐grade seeds m^?2, achieved by a higher rate of seed filling during the linear phase of 0·115 mg per °C day per spike. For all cultivars, the maximum stem dry weight occurred at 310–400°C days post‐anthesis, which suggest the stem was a strong sink. As seeds developed, their demand for assimilate increased and they drew more from the stem. At harvest, stem weights from TE treatments were 25% heavier than at anthesis, while untreated ‘Bronsyn’ and ‘Grasslands Impact’ stems were similar to those at anthesis. Thus, stems treated with TE contributed assimilates to increase seed yield but were still a net sink with assimilates in the stem at harvest. Trinexapac ethyl rate induced an inverse relationship between seed yield and stem height. This showed that competition for assimilate between stems and growing seeds limited the seed yield. Management or genetic factors that reduce stem height are likely to increase seed yields of perennial ryegrass.     

信阳绿茶主食面包的研制

将信阳毛尖绿茶研磨成粉添加到主食面包中制备信阳绿茶主食面包,研究不同绿茶粉添加量对主食面包比容、感官品质、水分含量及酸度的影响。结果表明,绿茶粉最佳添加量为面包粉质量的3%,此时得到的绿茶主食面包比容为5.75 m L/g,感官品质评分98分,水分含量32.7%,茶多酚含量0.386 g/100 g,酸度2.98°T;绿茶面包表皮完整且丰满,无焦斑,色泽均匀,稍有茶叶的黄绿色,组织紧密有弹性、耐咀嚼,有茶叶的清香,无茶苦味,且具有较好的营养保健功能,市场前景广阔。     

复合山楂果粉加工工艺研究

以山楂为原料,以山楂果粉VC和水分含量为考察指标,筛选出制作山楂果粉的最佳干燥方法;同时在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验优化了复合山楂果粉的最佳配方。结果表明,山楂果粉以真空冷冻干燥制品中VC含量最高,达55.75 mg/100 g,喷雾干燥山楂果粉水分含量最低,为3.13%;复合山楂果粉的最佳配方为:山楂200 g、红枣35 g、白砂糖5 g、复合酸0.3 g、麦芽糊精30 g,该配方制得的山楂果粉呈淡玫瑰红色、酸甜可口、风味较好。     

大豆膳食纤维蒜肠的研制

利用新鲜豆渣制成大豆膳食纤维粉添加到香肠中,并在香肠中添加大蒜粉,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法对大豆膳食纤维蒜肠的配方进行优化。结果表明,大豆膳食纤维蒜肠的最佳配方为:蒜粉添加量1.3%,大豆膳食纤维添加量5.0%,马铃薯变性淀粉添加量6.0%。用该配方生产出的产品具有蒜肠特有的香味,良好的口感和弹性,且由于加入了大豆膳食纤维,增加了该产品的保健功能,是老少皆宜的香肠新产品。     

黑蒜非发酵法制备工艺与抗氧化活性研究

为了提高黑蒜的生产效率、降低黑蒜的生产成本,将蒸制工艺与烘制工艺相结合,设计并优化了一种非发酵黑蒜制备工艺。研究结果表明,非发酵黑蒜的最佳制备工艺参数为:蒸制温度127℃、蒸制时间70 min、烘制温度95℃、烘制时间6.5 h,在此工艺条件下制得的黑蒜总酚质量比为11.15 mg/g,含水率为27.41%,还原糖和总酸质量比分别为7.87 g/(100 g)和36.09 g/kg。在0.06~0.18 mg/m L质量浓度范围内,黑蒜的还原能力是维生素C的1.4倍以上,说明黑蒜具有很强的抗氧化活性。与发酵工艺相比,总酚等活性成分含量相近,但极显著地缩短了黑蒜的制备时间、提高了生产效率、降低能耗,为功能性蒜制品的开发利用提供了技术基础。     

基于茎基部分区边缘拟合的稻株定位方法

准确地定位稻株是水稻株间除草机械作业的前提,提出了侧位俯拍的图像采集方式获取稻株茎基部图像,采用茎基部分区边缘拟合的方法定位稻株,解决了除草期内水稻冠层接连引起的定位不准确问题。首先分析稻株生长形态,探究侧位俯拍稻株茎基部的相机安装参数设定,以及影响成像质量的相关因素,提出了遮光条件下采集图像的方法,构建了具有遮光功能的图像采集系统;其次采用2G-R-B彩色图像灰度化、自动阈值、形态学操作等方法处理并分割稻株图像,检测茎基部边缘并分析其形态特征,并提出了分区边缘拟合定位方法:划分拟合区间为3个子区间,在子区间内进行边缘拟合,以拟合边缘线段中点坐标均值作为子区间茎基部中点,根据中点拟合茎基部中线,以中线中点作为定位的茎基部中心。最后进行了基于茎基部与冠层的稻株定位精度田间对比试验,结果显示:插秧后10~20 d内,基于茎基部的稻株定位误差均在7.0 mm以下,其中10 d、15 d、20 d时的定位误差分别为6.9mm/6.8 mm、5.9 mm/5.8 mm、6.3 mm/6.5 mm(有水条件/无水条件);基于冠层的稻株定位误差在8.0 mm以上,其中插秧20 d后,定位误差超过15 mm以上。试验结果表明,所提出的基于茎基部分区边缘拟合的稻株定位方法,定位精度高,除草适用期长,可满足株间机械除草过程中对稻株精准定位的技术要求。     

不同种植密度对夏玉米品种株型及产量性状的影响

为了阐述不同玉米品种株型及产量性状对密度响应,以目前生产上广泛种植的6个品种（‘郑单958’、‘先玉335’、‘伟科702’、‘浚单20’、‘金海5号’、‘利民33’）为材料,研究4个种植密度(60000、90000、112500、127500株/hm2)下不同品种株型和产量性状的变化。结果表明：6个品种棒三叶面积及茎粗系数均随着密度增加而减小,但减小幅度在不同品种或不同叶位存在差异。产量构成因素如穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、穗粒数和千粒重随着密度增加而减小。4个种植密度中,‘金海5号’、‘伟科702’、‘郑单958’在密度为90000株/hm2时产量为最高;其他3个品种随密度增加,产量降低。回归分析发现在10个已知影响玉米产量因素中,穗粒数对产量的直接影响最大,其次为行粒数。此结果为玉米品种选育和生产上高效栽培提供理论依据。     

氮硫互作对大蒜植株生长的影响

为探究氮硫互作对大蒜植株生长的影响,以‘新疆白皮蒜’为试材,研究无机基质栽培条件下不同氮硫互作水平对大蒜农艺性状、叶绿素含量以及根系活力的影响。试验结果表明,不同生长阶段氮硫互作对大蒜株高、茎粗、植株鲜重、干重、鳞茎鲜重均有不同程度的增促效果,但氮或硫单一元素对其影响不一;大蒜生长过程中叶绿素含量与根系活力呈先升高后降低趋势,氮硫互作对其均有显著影响,且氮和硫素单一元素也显著影响大蒜根系活性。综合来看,大蒜生长过程中氮硫互作效果显著,在氮素20 mmol/L、硫素4 mmol/L条件下收获的鳞茎重量最大。     

我国玉米茎腐病研究进展

玉米茎腐病是一种世界性土传真菌病害,该病害在我国玉米产区均有发生。近年来,受耕作制度（如保护性耕作、秸秆还田等）的改变和气候变化的影响,生产中使用的高抗茎腐病的玉米品种不多等因素,致使田间病原菌数量增加,我国玉米茎腐病有逐渐加重的趋势。针对玉米茎腐病危害逐年加重的现状,本文系统综述了玉米茎腐病致病菌、发病症状表现、病情分级标准、病害侵染规律、抗性鉴定评价方法等方面的研究进展情况,并提出了玉米茎腐病的防治策略。