Emerging Markets for Ecosystem Services

Abstract

Four main areas of learning were pursued during this exploration of die emerging markets for ecosystem services. First, die markets in Panama are dominated by the Panama Canal Authority and by timber revenues. Any strategy for expanding ecosystem services markets will have to reflect diese realities. Second, while the scientific and business components of die framework we used to analyze diese markets covered all the key points, more work needs to be done on die policy component. Articulating a simple, yet effective approach for developing policy recommendations to improve ecosystem services markets in context remains a key need. Third, valuable lessons were learned about ensuring tiiat the students capture die maximum benefits from an international, clinically-based field trip. Finally, interdisciplinary teaching/ research benefits dramatically from botii a focus on a single problem and recognition that the key challenge is turning complex scientific knowledge into accessible, good advice.     

图书馆信息服务的优化

图书馆信息服务的优化是维护并促进图书馆事业可持续发展的关键,文献的多元性、文化的多样性以及生存环境的丰富性为其提供了拓展的空间.围绕这一主题进行阐述,分析了全新的信息环境下,拓展和延伸图书馆信息服务的必要性和优化的方式,希望借此对图书馆信息服务的发展有所助益.     

Combining the preferences of residents for neighborhood green spaces and conservation of avian diversity: Case study from Beijing

Cities in China support higher human population densities compared to those in western countries; consequently, the high pressure placed on cultural ecosystem services (CES) provision of residential green spaces might hinder overall human wellbeing and the maintenance of avian diversity. Thus, this study aimed to identify how to meet the main preferences of citizens for residential green spaces while simultaneously enhancing bird diversity in city neighborhoods, generating a win-win scenario for human needs and biodiversity. This study was implemented using 568 questionnaires for residents and GLMM for bird-environment statistical analyses. Residents in Beijing preferred higher levels of bird species richness than individual abundance in neighborhoods. Residential green space appeared to serve as the movement corridor for some rare species, indicating the importance of promoting the presence of migrant bird guilds, which is currently incidental. The cultivation of fruit-bearing shrubby plants was supported by most city residents, and would also promote the presence of migratory birds in green spaces. In contrast, while increasing the width of residential green spaces would benefit migratory birds, it had less public support. This multi-disciplinary study clearly demonstrated that both the quality of life of humans in cities and biodiversity conservation could be efficiently incorporated in green space plans, even under highly urbanized circumstances.     

高校学科馆员服务模式探讨——以“藏、参、教—联3＋1”模式为例

将国内外高校学科馆员服务内容归纳为一种模式,即学科馆员＂藏、参、教—联3＋1＂模式。所谓＂藏＂,即馆藏建设;＂参＂,即参考咨询;＂教＂,即教育培训;＂联＂,即院系联系。阐述了该模式四个要素的意义及其相互之间的关系,并对普通高校实施学科馆员服务提出了建议。     

论高校数字图书馆定位的转变

高校图书馆要适应信息化、开放性图书馆的要求,把图书馆建成现代化的数字图书馆。首先阐述了数字图书馆的特征,然后分析了我国高校数字图书馆建设状况及存在的问题,最后指出了数字图书馆定位的转变。     

云计算环境下图书馆信息服务创新的基本路径

云计算正在推动图书馆信息服务变革,图书馆的云时代即将到来。通过创新发展环境、创新信息资源共建共享模式、创新图书馆业务流程、创新信息资源安全策略及创新图书馆信息服务队伍等,推动云计算环境下图书馆信息服务创新。     

Recovery of saturated hydraulic conductivity under secondary succession on former pasture in the humid tropics

Landscapes in the humid tropics are undergoing a continuous change in land use. Deforestation is still taking its toll on forested areas, but at the same time more and more secondary forests emerge where formerly agricultural lands and pastures are being abandoned. Regarding soil hydrology, the extent to which secondary succession can recover soil hydrological properties disturbed by antecedent deforestation and pasture use is yet poorly understood. We investigated the effect of secondary succession on saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) at two soil depths (0-6 and 6-12 cm) using a space-for-time approach in a landscape mosaic in central Panama. The following four land-use classes were studied: pasture (P), secondary forest of 5-8 years of age (SF5), secondary forest of 12-15 years of age (SF12) and secondary forest of more than 100 years of age (SF100), each replicated altogether four times in different micro-catchments across the study region. The hydrological implications of differences in Ks in response to land-use change with land use, especially regarding overland flow generation, were assessed via comparisons with rainfall intensities.Recovery of Ks could be detected in the 0-6 cm depth after 12 years of secondary succession: P and SF5 held similar Ks values, but differed significantly (α = 0.05) from SF12 and SF100 which in turn were indistinguishable. Variability within the land cover classes was large but, due to sufficient replication in the study, Ks recovery could be detected nonetheless. Ks in the 6-12 cm depth did not show any differences between the land cover classes; only Ks of the uppermost soil layer was affected by land-use changes. Overland flow - as inferred from comparisons of Ks with rainfall intensities - is more likely on P and SF5 sites compared to SF12 and SF100 for the upper sample depth; however, generally low values at the 6-12 cm depth are likely to impede vertical percolation during high rainfall intensities regardless of land use.We conclude that Ks can recover from pasture use under secondary succession up to pre-pasture levels, but the process may take more than 8 years. In order to gain comprehensive understanding of Ks change with land use and its hydrological implications, more studies with detailed land-use histories and combined measurements of Ks, overland flow, precipitation and throughfall are essential.     

对网上参考咨询服务平台的分析——以上海图书馆"网上联合知识导航站"为例

以上海图书馆“网上联合知识导航站”为例,从该咨询平台的发展沿革、系统功能及特点等做了较全面的分析,进而总结了上海图书馆导航站的有益启示、存在的不足,以及未来的发展趋向。     

基于短信技术的农业专家服务平台建设

我国广大农村地区缺乏农业专家和技术人员。构建基于短信技术的农业专家服务平台。将手机作为农业信息服务“最后一公里”的终端，能够为农业专家、农业新技术、新成果与农民之间搭建一个快速、方便、实用的沟通渠道。让助农服务的科技、技术、市场信息真正走进平常农民家庭。