蜜蜂高产蜂胶蜂种选育研究

蜂胶的开发利用使得蜂胶生产远不能满足市场需求.通过引入高加索系列品种、本意、喀尔巴阡以及东北黑蜂,采用蜂王人工授精技术加以组配,进行筛选.培育出高产蜂胶的优良杂交组合,借以提高蜂胶产量,满足蜂胶市场需求,使蜂农增收,提升人们的健康水平.     

我国南方草地资源现状及其发展前景

根据我国南方地区自然资源特点、草地类型、利用现状等,总结、分析了南方草地资源的优势、发展潜力和目前所面临的实际问题,并有针对性地提出了不同类型草地资源草产业发展模式。     

我国热带牧草种质资源的收集、保存与利用现状

介绍了牧草种质资源的作用及我国热带牧草种质资源的收集、保存与利用的现状,提出了加强我国热带牧草种质资源工作的几点建议.     

草地保护技术研究现状及发展趋势的文献分析

草地是重要的自然资源,随着草地开发与气候变化,它面临着越来越严重的威胁。目前中国采取的草地保护措施使草地局部退化有所改善,但并未遏制总体退化趋势。为此,需要完善草地保护技术以保障可持续发展。本研究结合我国草地实际问题,从广义和狭义草地保护出发,采用CiteSpace软件分析Web of Science核心数据集2000–2019年草地保护技术相关文献,对比世界范围与中国同类技术的现状和发展趋势,为我国草地保护技术的发展提供参考。分析结果表明,我国在草地保护方面的研究影响力虽排名世界第三,但引用频次较低。相比国外技术发展,我国在保护草地资源方面需要完善国家公园建设标准、推广栽培草地建植、增加智能刈割研发、加强生物饲料菌种筛选、改良传统围栏;在有害生物的防治方面需要降低技术成本,增大适用范围。草地保护技术的不断发展,将推动中国草地更好地发挥其牧业基地、生态屏障、文化传承和基因库的作用。     

沙地一年生植物五星蒿的构件特征研究

在甘肃省古浪县鸣沙咀,对典型沙生植物五星蒿Bassia dasyphylla形态及生物量空间分布特征进行研究。结果表明：冠幅、地径、根深、根幅、侧根数量与长度均与高度呈极显著线性正相关(P＜0.01),其中地上部形态指标与高度的相关程度相对地下部较高;枝条分枝数量较多,一级分枝数为30.40个,二级分枝数达到了260.87个。五星蒿单株平均生物量为75.21 g,其中地上生物量为67.83 g,地下生物量仅为7.38 g;地上生物量集中于1030 cm,占地上生物量的77.64％,各构件依生物量的大小依次为：枝条、果实、叶片;地下生物量集中于010 cm,占地下生物量的76.29％,侧根较主根发达;不同层次间各构件鲜、干生物量的差异性基本相似,地上部分的差异主要表现在1020、2030与3040、4050 cm之间,地下部分的差异主要表现在010与1020、2030 cm之间,其他各层次相互之间的差异相对不显著。     

我国牧草种质资源保存、利用与保护

牧草是自然资源的重要组成部分,也是农业可持续发展的物质基础,在我国草地畜牧业生产、生态环境及人民生活中发挥着巨大的作用。为此,论述了我国牧草种质资源调查、收集、保存、研究和利用的现状,存在问题及对今后发展的建议,提出今后应加强优良和珍稀牧草种质的搜集、生态型及遗传多样性的研究和利用、生物技术在优良牧草种质创新的应用、种质保存的时效性和野生状态下牧草遗传变异与进化的速率、短寿命牧草种子保存技术、优良基因的发掘和功能研究以及利用平台的构建、物种或种群保护的生物学基础研究7个重点领域的研究。     

野生植物白沙蒿资源的综合开发利用研究

对白沙蒿的生物学特性、化学成分及开发应用进行了综合研究，结果表明：白沙蒿是理想的抗旱、防沙和固沙植物；含有丰富的营养物质，可作为畜牧业的重要饲料；有较高的药用价值和工业利用前景，对该植物资源的开发利用提供了科学依据。     

Unraveling the morphological patterns of a subantarctic eelpout: a geometric morphometric approach

Phenotypic variation in organisms depends on the genotype and the environmental constraints of the habitat that they exploit. Therefore, for marine species inhabiting contrasting aquatic conditions, it is expected to find covariation between the shape and its spatial distribution. We studied the morphology of the head and cephalic sensory canals of the eelpout Austrolycus depressiceps (4.5–22.5 cm TL) across its latitudinal distribution in South Pacific (45°S–55°S). Geometric morphometric analyses show that the shape varied from individuals with larger snout and an extended suborbital canal to individuals with shorter snouts and frontally compressed suborbital canal. There was size variation across the sampled populations, but that size does not have a clear latitudinal gradient. Only 8% of the shape variation relates to this size variation (allometry), represented by a decrease in the relative size of the eye, and a depression of the posterior margin of the head. There were spatial differences in the shape of the head, but these differences were probably caused by allometric effects. Additionally, 2 of the canals of the cephalic lateralis pores and the head shape showed modularity in its development. This study shows that the morphology of marine fish with a shallow distribution varies across distances of hundreds of kilometers (i.e., phenotypic modulation).     

Ensiling characteristics of total mixed ration prepared with local feed resources in Mozambique and their effects on nutrition value and milk production in Jersey dairy cattle

To effectively utilize total mixed ration (TMR) prepared with locally available feed resources, we studied the nutritional value and milk production in Jersey dairy cattle fed a local general diet (LGD) and fermented TMR in Mozambique. Ten head of Jersey dairy cattle with 337 ± 19.8 kg body weight, aged 3–4 years in mid location were used in this study. The LGD diet was designed following the general feeding method of local smallholding farms; it contained native grass, Napier grass, wheat bran, and mineral–vitamin mix. Fermented TMR was prepared using Napier grass, corn bran, wheat bran, formula feed, and mineral–vitamin mix. Fermented TMR was preserved as good quality, with a relatively low pH and high lactic acid content. Compared to LGD, fermented TMR significantly improved the dry matter intake and digestibility in dairy cattle. Milk yield was significantly higher in dairy cattle fed with TMR than in those fed with LGD, by 3.75 L/d; milk quality was not significantly different between treatments. The results confirmed that LGD had a low dry matter intake and milk yield, and fermented TMR prepared with local feed resources can attain good quality and improve milk yield in dairy cattle in Mozambique.