鼠害控制综合配套技术试验研究

采用饵料引诱剂 ,不同灭鼠药品 ,不同拌饵浓度 ,不同施饵方法对高原鼠兔进行了灭治试验 ,结果以Y1 、Y2 作为引诱剂 ,分别以 0 .5%的比例拌入饵料 ,引诱效果较为明显。用 1 /1 0 0 0C·肉毒杀鼠素毒饵 ,以投饵量 1 .5～ 2 .2 5kg/hm2 ,采用机械间隔撒施法 ,不但能达到 90 %以上的灭鼠效果 ,而且能节约大量人力 ,降低灭治费用 ,提高工作效率     

Anthelmintic resistance in non-strongylid parasites of horses

Since 2002, selected populations of Parascaris equorum in several countries have been reported to survive treatment with macrocyclic lactone (M/L) anthelmintics. Clinical treatment failures are characterized by negligible fecal egg count reduction, but M/L resistance has been confirmed in ascarids by controlled efficacy testing. Resistance was selected by current parasite control practices for foals, which often include exclusive and excessively frequent use of M/L dewormers, thereby minimizing refugia within the host and in the environment. Chemical control of M/L-resistant isolates can be accomplished with pyrimidine and/or benzimidazole anthelmintics, but a few M/L-resistant populations have recently exhibited resistance to pyrantel pamoate as well. Some specimens of Oxyuris equi regularly survive treatment with macrocyclic lactones, but it is uncertain whether this constitutes resistance or merely confirms the incomplete oxyuricidal efficacy of virtually all broad spectrum equine anthelmintics. Variations in other biological parameters of Oxyuris and Parascaris, specifically atypical infection of older hosts and shorter prepatent periods, have been reported anecdotally. These changes may represent genetic modifications that have evolved in parallel with resistance as a result of anthelmintic selection pressure.     

Humoral Response to 2 Inactivated Bluetongue Virus Serotype‐8 Vaccines in South American Camelids

Background: Bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV‐8) has caused disease in domestic ruminants in several countries of northern Europe since 2006. In 2008 a mass‐vaccination program was launched in most affected countries using whole virus inactivated vaccines. Objective: To evaluate 2 inactivated vaccines (Bovilis BTV 8; BTVPUR AlSap8) for immunogenicity and safety against BTV‐8 in South American camelids (SAC) in a field trial. Animals: Forty‐two SAC (25 Alpacas, 17 Llamas) aged between 1 and 16 years. Methods: The animals were vaccinated twice at intervals of 21 days. They were observed clinically for adverse local, systemic, or both reactions throughout the trial. Blood samples collected on days 0, 14, 21, 43, and 156 after vaccination were tested for the presence of BTV‐8 virus by real time‐polymerase chain reaction and of specific antibodies by competitive ELISA and a serum neutralization test. Results: All vaccinated animals developed antibodies to BTV‐8 after the 2nd administration of the vaccine. No adverse effects were observed except for moderate local swellings at the injection site, which disappeared within 21 days. Slightly increased body temperatures were only observed in the first 2 days after vaccination. The BTV was not detected in any of the samples analyzed. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The administration of the 2 inactivated commercial vaccines was safe and induced seroconversion against BTV‐8 in all vaccinated animals. The results of this study suggest that 2 doses injected 3 weeks apart is a suitable vaccination regimen for SAC.     

家兔呼吸道传染病主要病因、鉴别诊断及防控

兔呼吸道传染病是由多种病原菌单独或混合感染引起,近年来呈现上升的趋势。针对我国家兔呼吸道病高发现状,就呼吸道病的主要病因、主要病原鉴别诊断及防控技术进行论述。     

基因型和环境及其互作对糜子主要农艺性状的影响

为了进一步了解基因型、环境及其互作对糜子主要农艺性状的影响,运用联合方差和AMMI模型对6个糜子新品种(粳性)在11个不同环境试点的生育期、株高、主茎节数、主穗长、穗粒重、千粒重和产量等7个主要农艺性状的表现及其品种稳定性与适应性进行了研究。结果表明,糜子主要农艺性状在不同基因型以及环境之间存在极显著差异,其中基因型对主茎节数、环境对株高、基因型与环境互作对穗粒重的影响较大。各品种7个农艺性状指标的变异系数中,最大的是产量,达42.72%,其次是穗粒重和株高,分别为37.90%和26.74%,变异系数最小的是生育期,为14.89%。各试点中产量最高的是甘9133-1-3-4-1,品种稳定性最好的是榆糜3号(CK)。宁夏彭阳和陕西延安试点产量较高,变异程度较小,对品种鉴别力较好。     

海洋酸化对海洋生物呼吸代谢的影响及机制

海洋酸化是对海洋生态系统最大威胁之一。随着海洋酸化不断加剧,海洋生物呼吸代谢酶活性下降,呼吸代谢方式改变,严重影响海洋生物的正常生长发育和生存。文章主要综述海洋酸化对海洋生物特别是鱼类呼吸代谢的影响及机制,旨在深入研究海洋酸化对海洋生物呼吸代谢的影响、机理及适应机制,为控制海洋酸化提供依据,同时也为海洋生物养殖水体的调控提供参考。     

远红外碳纤维发热板设计仔猪保育箱的应用效果研究

为研发更为合理有效的断奶仔猪保温设备,提高养猪效益,采用远红外碳纤维发热板加热,温控器控温以及木箱箱体和聚氯乙烯门帘保温组合方式对普通仔猪保育箱进行了改进,并通过对比试验考察该设备的应用效果。结果显示:与对照组相比,断奶前期试验组平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)分别提高了9. 51%(P<0. 01)和10. 44%(P=0. 06);腹泻率、腹泻频率分别降低33. 0%和42. 9%(P>0. 05);免疫球蛋白G (Ig G)较对照组提高6. 75%(P>0. 05);日平均温度提高2. 3℃(P<0. 01),日平均湿度降低2. 6个百分点(P<0. 01);每圈日平均耗电量降低90. 2%(P<0. 01)。结果表明:改进后的保育箱可显著提高断奶初期日采食量,具有提高仔猪日增重、免疫力,降低仔猪腹泻的趋势,升温和保温效果明显,节能高效,具有较大的推广应用价值。     

中药精液消毒剂的消杀效果及安全性评价研究

为了解新研制的中药精液消毒剂的消毒效果和安全性,本研究开展了体外抑菌杀毒和安全性综合评价实验。体外药效学实验显示:该消毒剂对大肠杆菌高敏,对门氏菌、禽巴氏杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均中敏,4种菌的体外MIC值分别为31.3、62.5、62.5和31.3 mg/mL;消毒剂按1∶400及以上浓度与新城疫病毒互作,可在5 min内对该病毒有100%杀灭率。安全性评价实验显示:该消毒剂的小鼠急性毒性LD50值>5000 mg/Kg,无毒性;对兔子的皮肤和眼睛染毒,无刺激;消毒剂按1∶10浓度及以下,对常温稀释保存的种公鸡精液中精子生存指数影响不大。临床应用实验显示:在冻融条件下,该消毒剂1∶10浓度组的种公鸡精液中精子存活率要显著高于其它试验组(P<0.01);消毒剂按1∶10浓度对种公鸡精液稀释消毒,种蛋受精率和孵化率都有明显提高,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果表明:该消毒剂不仅对种公鸡精液中常见病原微生物具有较好的杀灭效果,而且安全无刺激、无毒,对种鸡繁育无不良影响。     

植物源农药苦参碱对部分桑园害虫的毒力及田间防治效果

为了探讨从传统中草药苦参中提取的苦参碱用于桑树害虫防治的可行性,用2%苦参碱稀释药液对部分桑园害虫进行室内毒力测定和田间防治试验,并检测其对家蚕的安全性。结果表明,2%苦参碱对桑尺蠖、桑毛虫、棉大造桥虫、红腹灯蛾、白毛虫有较强的毒力,其LC50分别为23.55、28.73、28.52、30.71、25.61 mg/L,以1 500倍稀释药液对上述5种害虫室内处理24 h后的死亡率为92.18%～96.78%,并且具有较好的田间防治效果,24 h虫口退减率为89.81%～96.00%;对桑园微型害虫桑蓟马和朱砂叶螨也有较强的毒力和防治效果,1 500倍稀释药液室内处理24 h后的死亡率分别为95.52%、98.07%,田间防治24 h虫口退减率分别为90.61%、92.55%;对桑螟、野桑蚕的毒力较低,LC50分别为364.47和351.01 mg/L,1 500倍稀释药液对2种害虫室内处理24 h后的死亡率仅有3.13%和3.83%,田间防治24 h虫口减退率分别为18.06%、8.70%。用2%苦参碱的2 000倍、1 500倍、1 000倍稀释药液喷施桑树后,对家蚕的安全间隔期分别为4、8、32 h,安全间隔期后采摘桑叶喂蚕,对家蚕的生长发育和产茧量性状无不良影响。根据试验结果初步认为:苦参碱对桑园害虫防治具有选择性药效,如果桑园害虫的优势种群为桑尺蠖、棉大造桥虫、桑毛虫、红腹灯蛾、白毛虫、桑蓟马、朱砂叶螨,可以考虑采用苦参碱进行防治。     

苜蓿花期调控与传粉效率的研究

针对苜蓿花期与昆虫活动不遇的问题,通过刈割进行花期调控,以提高初花期及盛花初期的传粉效率,并探讨对种子产量及构成因素的影响.结果显示:刈割后苜蓿的花期明显推迟,传粉效率显著提高,其中访花频次由原来的23次/10m2·d提高到刈割后的180次/10m2·d;在初花期及盛花初期标记的花序结荚率及荚内种子粒数分别由对照的(17.12±2.83)%和(3.94±0.31)粒提高到刈割后的(84.1±1.21)%和(5.31±0.22)粒;整个花期的平均结荚率/花序由刈割前的43.77%增加到刈割后的59.43%;刈割后的苜蓿种子产量与各构成因素的相关性依次为:花序数/枝＞荚果数/枝＞荚内种子粒数＞结荚率/花序＞分枝数＞单花数/花序.对种子产量与构成因素进行多元回归分析,单枝条产量(Y)与花序数/枝(X1)、结荚率/花序(X2)具有真实回归关系Y=-1.735+0.034 X1+0.036 X2(R=0.788).在该地区确定适宜的刈割时间可明显推迟花期,提高种子产量.合理的刈割时间是在花期得到推迟的情况下,使生育期尽可能长.