生长秀节对糯玉米淀粉晶体结构和糊化特性的影响

以8个糯玉米品种为材料,利用X-射线衍射仪(X-Ray)和快速黏度分析仪(RVA)分析了淀粉在春季和秋季的晶体结构和糊化特性。结果表明,生长季节不影响淀粉的结晶类型,供试糯玉米淀粉样品的X-射线衍射图谱均表现出典型的“A”型衍射特征。然而,淀粉的晶体结构和糊化特性在生长季节间存在显著差异。和春季糯玉米淀粉相比,秋季糯玉米淀粉具有较高的结晶度、尖峰强度、峰值黏度、谷值黏度、终值黏度和崩解值。糯玉米淀粉的回复值较低,且秋季糯玉米淀粉显著低于春季糯玉米淀粉。淀粉的结晶度、尖峰强度和糊化特征值存在显著的基因型差异。相关分析表明,结晶度和各尖峰强度呈两两显著正相关。结晶度和峰值黏度、崩解值极显著正相关(相关系数分别为0.72和0.85),和谷值黏度、糊化温度显著正相关(相关系数分别为0.52和0.55),和回复值显著负相关(相关系数-0.49)。糯玉米淀粉糊化特性在不同生长季节中的变化主要由淀粉晶体结构(结晶度和尖峰强度)变化所致。     

Electronegativity Scale of Elements Calculated by Density Functional Theory and Related Methods

In chemistry and many related fields, electronegativity (EN) is an important fundamental concept and its scale is a useful physcochemical parameter. Here, calculations of both ionization potentials and electron affinities are extended toward 107 elements and done by density functional theory at the local density approximation(LDA) level and the LDB level, i.e., the local density approximation level with further non-local corrections for exchange and correlation included self-consistently as well as the modified Slater transition-state method. The definite-differentiation method is employed into calculations of the electronegativity scale and the related parameters of 107 elements with very good results due to the consideration of relativistic effects. The calculation presented is to examine both the LDA and LDB approximations in calculations for the ionization potential and electron affinity of the elements with an improved or modified Slater transition-state method, and relativistic effects have also been taken into account for 107 elements compared with 103, 86 or less in the previous report under a spin polarized density function theory with some approximations to the exchange-correlation function. The calculation results for the various quantities represent an obviously improvement over some previous calculations. It is shown that the results calculated by the extended technique and the improved Slater transition-state method in general agree well with experimental values presented by Pearson, and are better than the reported values in many previous literatures. The developed new electronegativity scale will widely be applicable in many fields such as molecular structural parameterization expression, chemobiological activity optimization prediction, structure-activity quantitation modeling, functional chemical adaptization designing, and so on.     

膳食纤维的提取及其功能特性分析

膳食纤维被誉为继水、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、矿物质、维生素之外的"第七大营养素"。全面阐述了膳食纤维的主要功能特性、提取方法及其在食品中的应用现状与发展前景。     

6种玉米种衣剂的理化性质测定及其安全性研究

为了解市场上玉米种衣剂的质量,对6种市售玉米种衣剂的理化性质和安全性进行了测定。理化性质表明：6种种衣剂的成膜时间、包衣均匀度和悬浮率都符合国家标准;不同种衣剂粘度值差异显著,只有福?克和克?戊?三唑酮符合国家标准;pH值都在6.83~7.55之间,其中克?福?萎、福?克?唑醇和克?醇?福美双符合国家标准;包衣脱落率只有克?福?萎大于10%,其它药剂均达到国家标准。室内发芽实验表明：经玉米种衣剂处理后,玉米种子活力等各项指标均低于对照;而田间实验表明：种衣剂处理后,玉米出苗率、幼苗素质与对照相比都有所提高,其中福?克效果最为显著。从室内、田间的实验结果分析,福?克是6种玉米种衣剂中的最佳选择。     

杏仁蛋白质的提取及功能特性研究进展

杏仁蛋白是一种理想的植物蛋白,概述了目前杏仁蛋白质的提取方法,综述了国内外蛋白质功能特性的研究。     

茶油的功能特性分析

茶油是一种纯天然高级可食用油脂,具有很高的营养价值和保健作用。本文首先简述了茶油的理化特性及脂肪酸组成。接着,从茶油的不同使用途径,阐述其具体功能特性。最后,分析了茶油产业的发展前景。     

黄土丘陵区不同退耕模式对土壤物理性状影响研究—以甘肃定西市为例

甘肃定西全面实施退耕还林近10年来,取得了显著的成效。本文以退耕还林重点地区定西市安定区为例,通过采集、实地调查取样和实验室分析,对比研究了不同退耕植被类型地与对照地（农田和天然草地）的土壤物理性状的变化情况。包括土壤的含水量、容重、土壤孔隙度、土壤水稳性团聚体结构。研究结果表明：天然草地和柽柳的含水量最高,分别为13.44%和13.52%。农田和山杏的含水量最低为8.01%和8.2%。0～60cm不同土层中柠条的容重最小且变化不大,农田的上下变化最大。在20～60cm退耕还林地的孔隙度均高于天然草地和农田,天然草地和农田非毛管孔隙度小且上下变化大,不利于土壤入渗。刺槐、柠条、柽柳的水稳性团聚体的含量最多,分别是农田的3.4、2.8和2.4倍。退耕还林以后,林地的土壤物理性状得到明显的改善,与农田和天然草地相比,刺槐,柠条的改良效果最好。因此对退耕还林地区进行植被恢复过程中,要深入了解当地的土壤环境特征,做到因地制宜,适地适树。     

发芽糙米的营养价值及其开发

简要介绍了发芽糙米的发芽机理及其营养成分的变化、功能性成分和产品开发情况.     

Phase Transformation Diffusion Bonding of Titanium Alloy to Stainless Steel

Jointing of titanium alloy and stainless steel is very often in the fields like aviation, chemical plants etc. The combination of materials has the advantages of both titanium alloy and stainless steel and will reduce the consumption of titanium resource. The phase transformation diffusion bonding of TA17 titanium alloy to 0CriSNigTi stainless steel are carried out on Gleeble - 1500D. The effcet of maximum thermal cycle temperature, the tensile strength, the fracture surface and microstruture of the joints are investigated. The results show that TiFe and TiFe2 intermetallics and some solid solutions are formed along the interface, when maximum thermal cycle temperature increase, the area proportion of intermetallics in the fracture surface increase, which are detrimental to the mechanical properties of the transition joints.