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131.
132.
Bistra Atanassova 《Euphytica》1999,107(1):13-21
Data and findings concerning the development of an effective male sterility system (as already applied in the practice of
producing tomato hybrid seed) through the use of the positional sterility (ps 2) gene are reported. Undesirable selfing and
the necessity of emasculation are discussed as the two main disadvantages that limit the use of ps 2-sterile seed parents
in tomato hybrid seed production. The following specific characteristics in the performance of ps 2-lines were evaluated:
1) the percentage of selfing in the ps 2-lines varies within and between the years of growing, being forever lowest during
the period of hybrid seed production; 2) the percentage of selfed seeds when using a ps 2-line as seed parent in producing
hybrid seed is significantly lower than the percentage of selfing, observed on this same line; 3) the ps 2-gene expressivity
varies depending on the genotype. This enables the breeding of ps 2-lines exhibiting very low percentage of selfing; 4) stamen
emasculation at anthesis (as applied in ps 2-lines) is significantly easier and more rapid than emasculation in floral buds.
The easy maintenance of the sterile lines – by artificial selfing it is possible to produce 100% ps 2 progeny – and the high
yield of hybrid seed obtained are discussed as important advantages in using this type of sterility in tomato hybrid seed
production.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
133.
Many chlorine-containing pesticides, for example 2-chloro-s-triazines, are of great concern both environmentally and toxicologically. As a result, ascertaining or predicting the fate and transport of these compounds in soils and water is of current interest. Transformation pathways for 2-chloro-s-triazines in the environment include dealkylation, dechlorination (hydrolysis), and ring cleavage. This study explored the feasibility of using computational chemistry, specifically the hybrid density functional theory method, B3LYP, to predict hydrolysis trends of atrazine (2-chloro-N4-ethyl-N6-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) and related 2-chloro-s-triazines to the corresponding 2-hydroxy-s-triazines. Gas-phase energetics are described on the basis of calculations performed at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory. Calculated free energies of hydrolysis (delta h G298) are nearly the same for simazine (2-chloro-N4,N6-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), atrazine, and propazine (2-chloro-N4,N6-di-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine), suggesting that hydrolysis is not significantly affected by the side-chain amine-nitrogen alkyl substituents. High-energy barriers also suggest that the reactions are not likely to be observed in the gas phase. Aqueous solvation effects were examined by means of self-consistent reaction field methods (SCRF). Molecular structures were optimized at the B3LYP/6-31G* level using the Onsager model, and solvation energies were calculated at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level using the isodensity surface polarizable continuum model (IPCM). Although the extent of solvent stabilization was greater for cationic species than neutral ones, the full extent of solvation is underestimated, especially for the transition state structures. As a consequence, the calculated hydrolysis barrier for protonated atrazine is exaggerated compared with the experimentally determined one. Overall, the hydrolysis reactions follow a concerted nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) pathway. 相似文献
134.
"公诉权"在我国被长期认为就是专指"刑事公诉权"。在这一片面认识的束缚下,"公诉权"很难被介入到民事、行政诉讼领域中,客观上阻却了公诉权的生存空间。其实,公诉权也是一种诉权,它除了涵盖刑事公诉权外,还应包括民事公诉权和行政公诉权。现代公诉权的确立,不仅便于我们对各个诉讼制度框架进行整体把握,而且有利于深化和挖掘公诉权理论的新内涵,科学合理地配置公诉权在具体制度中的应用,更好地保护国家和社会公共利益,以维护法制的统一。 相似文献
135.
黄瓜连作对土壤微生物区系的影响Ⅰ——基于可培养微生物种群的数量分析 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
利用平板培养法对黄瓜连作根系微生物种群连续性变化进行了跟踪研究。结果表明,黄瓜连作导致土壤可培养微生物数量减少,其中细菌数量降低最为明显,对连作表现出较高的敏感性,根际根外细菌数目减幅分别在第三、四茬时达显著水平。放线菌数量对黄瓜连作反应较小,根际到第四茬减幅才达到了显著水平,而根外在连作四茬过程中均未达显著水平。黄瓜连作致使少数真菌种群富集,同时多种真菌类群数量减少,种群变化呈现单一化趋势。根际土壤微生物主要生理群分析表明,连作导致根际自生固氮菌与好气性纤维素分解菌数目明显下降,硝化细菌数量大幅增加,而氨化细菌数量变化不大。土壤酶活性测定结果表明,土壤过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸酶活性随连作茬次增加而降低,脲酶活性稍有上升。 相似文献
136.
方嘉珍 《农业图书情报学刊》2010,22(10):344-346
在分析弱势群体构成和文化需求的基础上,以徐州地区为例论述了基层图书馆为农村弱势群体服务的若干举措和实践活动,探讨为农村弱势群体服务的方式方法,并对今后工作提出具体建议。 相似文献
137.
稻瘟病菌T-DNA插入的突变表型分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
PCR技术检测28个形态发育和致病性相关T-DNA插入突变体,结果所有突变体均含磷酸转移酶基因序列。对这些突变体展开进一步生物学性状观察,发现15个颜色异常,8个菌落生长缓慢,2个分生孢子形态异常,2个附着胞形态异常,3个不能形成附着胞。致病性测定结果,9个突变体完全不能导致抗瘟(C101)和感瘟(日本晴)水稻苗致病,病害级别均为0级。用标准菌株1528和P131测定突变体有性世代的形成能力,结果发现, Y34-0211、Y34-1469和Y34-0635 3个突变体完全丧失产生有性世代的能力。 相似文献
138.
M. Carof S. De Tourdonnet Y. Coquet V. Hallaire & J. Roger-Estrade 《Soil Use and Management》2007,23(3):230-237
We studied soil hydraulic conductivity (K) and porosity in five combinations of soil tillage and cover crop management systems. Treatments were winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown on a conventionally tilled soil (CT), on a no‐till soil (NT), and on an NT with three different cover crops: red fescue (Festuca rubra L.; Fr), bird's‐foot‐trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.; Lc) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.; Ms). Measurements were made on a loamy soil in Grignon, France, in November 2004, May 2005 and October 2005. K and mean size of hydraulically active pores were measured in situ at three water potentials (?0.6, ?0.2 and ?0.05 kPa) at the soil surface and at 10 cm depth. In November 2004 and May 2005, pore space was described using 2D image analysis of pores on undisturbed soil samples in the 0–10 cm layer and in the 10–20 cm layer. The major differences were caused by soil tillage that created two heterogeneous soil layers and increased K in the 0–10 cm layer relative to NT. The effects of cover crop on K and porosity were not affected by the root type: there were no major differences between the grass cover crop (fibrous‐root type) and the leguminous ones (tap‐root type). However, we recorded larger functional pores and more tubules in the no‐till treatments with a cover crop, compared with the no‐till treatment without cover crop; this was probably the result of root activity. Although these changes generally did not result in larger values of K, they participated in the maintenance of soil structure and K over time. 相似文献
139.
科技小院是现代农业发展的创新组织模式,也是推进乡村振兴的重要科技支撑。本文基于宏观和微观层面阐释科技小院产生的现实需要,结合实地调研系统分析其发展演变与功能定位,探讨其运行保障机制与取得的实践成效,提出引导科技小院高质量发展的思路与建议。研究表明,科技小院的产生顺应了微观层面农户对先进农业技术需求增加,以及宏观层面现代农业发展对农业科技进步依赖加大的现实需要,在发展过程中演绎出“自下而上”式农业科技创新、“科普志愿”式农业社会服务和“产教融合”式农业人才培养三重功能,且三重功能定位以科学技术为纽带,形成了激励相容关系。科技小院以高校科研院所为内核,各主体之间形成了不同目标导向的利益联结机制,其中正式制度施加规范约束、服务互动融入社会规范、多方支持构成物质保障,推动科技小院有效运行。科技小院创新了农业技术推广模式、促进了现代农业高质量发展、提高了农民综合素质水平、开创了农业人才培养新模式,取得了显著的综合效益。因此,未来科技小院发展应深入明确功能定位、强化制度约束、加强组织创新和推广经验典型,走错位发展、规范发展、融合发展和共享发展之路。 相似文献
140.
利用 Maw hin 的重合度理论,研究了二阶泛函微分方程周期解的存在性,并举例说明了其应用⒚ 相似文献