寄生虫基因组研究进展

基因组测序计划以及有关的转录组和蛋白质组图谱计划已经给寄生虫学的研究带来了一场革命。随着越来越多种类的寄生虫基因组序列被测定,通过系统的比较和分析基因的序列使得预测基因和功能验证的准确性越来越高,也为人们认知寄生虫的生物学特征、为人类和兽医筛选新的候选疫苗和药物靶标提供了重要数据。本文就寄生虫基因组研究进展作一简单综述。     

我国农区大型肉牛养殖场管理技术探讨

结合我国农区大型肉牛养殖场现状及其存在的问题,立足于我国农业用地紧张、草场资源有限的生产实际,提出选择性地借鉴奶牛养殖的成功经验、制定精准化生产管理计划、精细分群、繁殖控制等技术措施,以期为提高我国农区大型肉牛养殖场管理技术水平提供参考。     

蜂花粉抗氧化作用的研宄进展

蜂花粉营养全面,含有多种生物活性物质,具有延缓衰老、抗菌消炎、增强免疫力等多种生理和药理功能。综述了蜂花粉中起抗氧化作用的因子和影响蜂花粉抗氧化作用的因素,并对蜂花粉的进一步开发利用方向进行了展望。     

乳源外泌体研究进展

外泌体(exosomes)是一种纳米级别的细胞外囊泡,广泛存在于多种动物的组织和体液中,在各种类型的细胞外囊泡中,外泌体作为一个载体可以携带多种具有生物活性的内含物,而这些内含物的分拣是一个受调控的、非随机的过程.近年来,有研究发现,哺乳动物的乳源外泌体通过消化道被吸收后,可以促进幼畜肠道和免疫系统的发育,同时还参与一...     

鸡胚外泌体miRNAs功能分析

旨在基于鸡胚外泌体及所含有的miRNAs解析其产生生理功效的活性物质基础及作用机制。本研究收集13胚龄惠阳胡须鸡胚蛋18枚（3组,每组6枚）,采用酶消化、蔗糖密度梯度和差速超速离心等方法分离鸡胚组织来源的外泌体,经透射电镜、纳米流式和标志蛋白流式检测等方法鉴定其特征。利用高通量测序方法研究外泌体样本中miRNAs表达谱,对各样本top 10且共表达的miRNAs进行靶基因预测与功能分析。结果表明,分别获得了3个浮力密度范围（S1：1.13 g·mL^-1、S2：1.21 g·mL^-1和S3：1.32 g·mL^-1）具有外泌体典型特征的胞外囊泡;与miRBase V21进行比对发现,S1、S2和S3样品中分别含有675、661和845个已知的miRNAs,这些miRNAs中有488个（52.6%）三者共有,包括了广泛参与细胞增殖、分化和免疫应答等过程的功能性miRNAs。TargetScan 7.2和miRDB预测得到3个样本中top 10且共表达的56个miRNAs的靶基因,获得的3 650个靶基因经DAVID分析,显著富集了24个与机体生长、发育、免疫等有关的生物学通路（P<0.05）,包括MAPK信号通路、mTOR信号通路、Notch信号通路、Wnt信号通路和GnRH信号通路等。本研究建立了鸡胚组织中有效分离外泌体的方法,发现鸡胚组织来源的外泌体miRNAs会影响机体生长发育和免疫调节有关的生物学通路。     

Genetic correlations for foal and studbook traits with racing traits and implications for selection strategies in the Finnhorse and Standardbred trotter

Genetic correlations for body measurements and conformation and functional traits in foals and studbook horses with racing traits were estimated in the Finnhorse and Standardbred. Genetic response and accuracy were estimated using records of animal, half‐sibs and parents in selection scenarios for racing traits, for foal and racing traits, for studbook and racing traits, and using records of animal, half‐sibs and parents for foal traits and racing traits of parents. Racing time and earnings were the breeding objective. Low‐to‐moderate genetic correlations for body measurements and racing traits indicated that selection favours bigger horses at all ages. Being mainly favourable for the breeding objective, genetic correlations for conformation and functional traits with racing traits were highest for the foal traits of type, trot and overall grade and for the studbook traits of character and movements. Genetic correlations for foal and studbook conformation with racing traits were low in the Finnhorse and moderate to high in the Standardbred. In foals, the highest genetic correlations were for trot with racing time (?0.54) and with earnings (0.52) in the Finnhorse, and for overall grade with racing time (?0.54) and with earnings (0.54) in the Standardbred. In studbook horses, genetic correlations were high for character with racing time and earnings in the Finnhorse (?0.68, 0.61) and in the Standardbred (?0.63, 0.70), and for movements with racing time and earnings in the Finnhorse (?0.70, 0.69) and in the Standardbred (?0.90, 0.88). To increase accuracy of conformation and functional traits, foal traits would be more useful in the index with racing traits, as being less preselected than studbook traits. The foal traits (type, trot, overall grade) having moderate heritability and genetic correlations with racing traits would be useful in multi‐trait index before a racing career, where the greatest gain is because of a shorter generation interval. It would be feasible to implement for AI stallions.     

农副产品在我国农区养羊产业中的应用

 
论文对我国农区养羊中农副产品的应用进行了分析,指出利用农副产品养羊存在的主要问题,并提出解决对策,为我国农区养羊产业中农副产品的合理应用提供参考。     

西南贫困山区草业开发的扶贫效益探析

通过对中国西南扶贫世界银行贷款项目不同项目农户投入来源及构成的调查分析,表明草地畜牧业收入是农户家庭经营收入的主要来源之一,大力开发山区草业,发展草食家畜,是贫困农户增加收入,脱贫致富的重要途径。