Concentration of selected heavy metals in spices,dry fruits and plant nuts

Different spices, dry fruits and plant nuts commonly consumed in Pakistan were assayed for the heavy metals cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, iron and manganese by the potentiometric stripping analysis and AA spectrophotometry. The results revealed wide variation in heavy metal content among different biological materials. Mixed spices generally exhibited higher value for trace metals specially lead (6.6–9.2 µg/g), cadmium (0.65–1.34 µg/g), iron (142.3–285.0 µg/g) and zinc (64.2–65.8 µg/g). Dry fruits contained relatively lesser amounts of heavy metals than plant nuts. Almonds contained higher levels of lead (1.02 µg/g) and cadmium (0.24 µg/g) than other nuts and dry fruits.     

果蔬加工学课程案例教学的基本实践

案例教学是教师组织学生进行自主学习,提高学生分析问题和解决问题能力的一种有效教学方法,符合果蔬加工学课程应用型人才培养目标的教学需要。结合自身教学实践,对果蔬加工学课程实施案例教学的必要性和如何具体实施案例教学过程进行了探讨,并对影响该课程案例教学效果的因素进行了分析。     

热带果蔬生产农资供应链信息管理关键技术研究

分析农资供应链及农资供应链信息管理的研究现状，提出将无线传感网络、电子标签、二维码、数据库等信息技术应用于热带果蔬生产农资供应链信息管理中的思路，并初步设计了信息管理平台，为今后更深入的研究奠定了基础。     

我国水果产销现状及其对策

分析了我国水果生产和销售的现状,针对水果面积大、单产低、品质不高、销售不畅的实情,从稳定面积、提高质量、增加效益、开拓市场和依靠科技等方面提出了对策建议。     

Chemical composition and in sacco dry matter degradability of residue and by-products of palm fruit processing in the rumen of steers

The nutritive value of residue (palm calyx leaves (PCL)) and by-products (palm press fiber (PPF) and palm oil sludge (POS)) of palm fruit processing were studied through analysis of their chemical components and degradability of their dry matter (DM) in the rumen of steers. Chemical analysis showed that the materials have similar organic matter components (mean = 95.2%), while crude protein (CP, g/100 g) and metabolisable energy (ME, MJ/kg DM) were highest in POS (10.02 and 9.43), followed by PPF (7.02 and 8.61) and least in PCL (5.42 and 8.04). An opposite trend of CP and ME was noticed in NDF and ADF contents, being 61.53 and 49.11% in PCL, 44.84 and 32.08% in PPF and 25.35 and 20.29% in POS. Mineral contents showed that PPF and POS had the lowest and highest concentration, respectively, of Mg (0.07 vs. 0.11%), Cu (58.5 vs. 143.9 mg/kg) and Fe (1374.5 vs. 4086.0 mg/kg). Dry matter degradation characteristics and effective degradability varied significantly ( P  < 0.05) and were consistently highest in POS and least in PCL. Results have generally shown that the residue and by-products could be ranked for their potential feeding value as POS > PPF > PCL. It is concluded that POS and PPF can be harnessed directly as feed resources for ruminant animals, while PCL will require some treatments to enhance its nutritive value in ruminants.     

果园无公害管理

针对我国果品生产普遍存在的农药、化肥、塑料污染等问题，提出无公害管理的主要措施：通过采取农业措施，搞好病虫预测预报和适当药剂防治等控制病虫害，以有机肥和果园覆草为主，结合少量施用化肥建立科学的肥水管理制度，控制塑料污染和环境污染，建立标准化的生产技术规程。     

浅谈陕北优势杂果资源及开发利用

陕北杂果资源丰富,特色鲜明,市场前景广阔.本文介绍了陕北主要优势杂果的资源分布、生产现状以及存在问题,提出了陕北优势杂果资源的开发利用途径.     

沙棘不落果原因探讨

沙棘果实成熟与衰老时均不脱落,甚至干缩在果枝上,为了研究沙棘不落果原因,寻求促进落果的有效方法,我们进行了下列实验。一、材料与方法 (一)外施乙烯与ABA于果实完熟前期(9月中下旬)剪取中国沙棘(Hippophaerhamnoides L.Subsp.Sinesis)、西藏沙棘(H.thibetana Schlechtend)带叶果枝,将下端分别浸于装有500、1000ppm乙烯利,50、100ppm ABA与50、100ppm6-康基氨基腺     

日本科柿果实发育期间单宁和糖类的变化

甜柿是柿(Diospyros kaki Linn.f.)树的自然类型,属日本主要栽培果树之一,其特点是果实采后不需人工脱涩即可食用,甜脆爽口,风味独特。近年来,日本甜柿已在我国大量引种栽培,国内对甜柿的生物学习性和栽培方法已作了不少观察和研究。但对甜柿果实的生长发育过程及果实发育期间生化物质消长规律的研究尚未见报道。作为柿果主要成份     

刺山柑果实醇提物正丁醇部位提取物抗炎镇痛效果分析

【目的】 研究刺山柑乙醇提取物正丁醇萃取部位的抗炎镇痛活性。【方法】 以总黄酮提取量为指标采用超声波辅助提取法并结合响应面优化乙醇提取物最佳工艺,将乙醇提取物浸膏通过萃取得到正丁醇部位。采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性分析正丁醇萃取部位抗炎效果;以热板法和醋酸扭体考察正丁醇萃取部位镇痛效果。【结果】 正丁醇部位高剂量组、中剂量组对二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀有明显抑制作用(P＜0.01);正丁醇部位高剂量组、中剂量组对小鼠毛细血管通透性有明显抑制作用(P＜0.01);正丁醇部位高剂量组、中剂量组可显著提高小鼠热板痛阈值,正丁醇部位高剂量组、中剂量组能明显减少醋酸所致小鼠扭体次数(P＜0.01)。【结论】 刺山柑果实醇提物正丁醇部位提取物具有潜在的抗炎镇痛作用。