不同施肥水平对金丝枣生长和品质的影响

为了研究不同施肥量对金丝枣树生长效应的影响,为辽宁朝阳地区金丝枣合理施肥提高依据。采用田间试验方法,研究不同施肥水平对2a生树龄的金丝枣枣园土壤、叶片SPAD值、单果重、果实横纵经、硬度等品质的影响。结果表明（1）肥料的施用能在一定程度上増加土壤中植物所需速效养分的含量,提高土壤养分含量。（2）适量的氮磷钾施肥水平能够增加果实横纵径和可溶性固形物含量,降低果实的有机酸含量,同时提高叶片的SPAD值。氮磷钾肥料的合理配合施用,能够提高肥料利用率,增加土壤养分含量,改善枣果品质。     

气候变暖对我国水稻生产的综合影响及其应对策略

气候变暖已是不争的事实,预计到21世纪末全球地表平均气温仍将上升1.5℃以上。水稻是我国最重要的口粮作物,全国80%以上的人口以稻米为主食,探明气候变暖对我国“口粮绝对安全”的潜在影响意义重大。作者依据多年的田间增温试验及长期观察,并结合国内外现有研究,阐明了我国粮食主产区气候变暖的基本态势,总结发现温度升高1.5℃对我国水稻生产的潜在影响正负参半,并取决于具体的稻作季节和地区。但是,随着水稻种植制度调整,尤其是南方双季稻种植面积下降,温度升高对我国水稻生产的负面影响将逐步递增。最后,作者提出了应对气候变暖的气候智慧型稻作技术创新建议,并展望了该研究领域的重点内容和方向。     

茄子果长遗传效应的初步研究

用长果自交系I521593和短果自交系SJ16212865为材料,通过自交、杂交和回交,获得亲本、F1、F2、BC1和BC2各世代,按照数量遗传学理论对6个世代群体的果长的遗传效应进行了研究。结果表明:茄子果长遗传方式属于数量遗传;其遗传效应符合加性—显性遗传模型,且以加性效应为主,在遗传中表现部分显性,有倾大值亲本的现象;控制果长性状的最少基因数目为3对;果长的狭义遗传力为71.01%。     

不同鲜食葡萄品种裂果特性分析

[目的]研究新疆主栽鲜食葡萄品种裂果特性差异和引起裂果生理原因,分析鲜食葡萄品种裂果特性差异,为生产过程中降低裂果发生率生产调控措施的选择提供理论依据.[方法]以无核白、无核紫、无核白鸡心、新郁等12个鲜食葡萄品种为研究对象,分析成熟期浸水诱导裂果,对不同鲜食葡萄品种的裂果特性,通过石蜡切片测定果皮细胞结构特征,测定果...     

切断深层根对黍子根系及地上部营养生长的影响

采用根管土柱栽培的方法,研究了拔节期和抽穗期切断不同深度(20 cm和40 cm)根系对黍子根系整体及地上部营养生长的影响。结果表明,与不断根相比,在抽穗期和拔节期断掉20 cm或40 cm以下根系,均能导致黍子株高、旗叶叶绿素含量、旗叶SOD与POD活性、单株绿叶面积、总根活力、总根长、总根重及产量明显降低,旗叶M DA含量明显增高。抽穗期断深层根对黍子的影响大于拔节期。但同一生育时期不同深度断根处理间黍子产量差异未达显著水平,表明深层根系(40 cm以下根系)对产量的贡献更大。     

吴起县"果用型"沙棘林分改造技术

1998年以来,吴起县共在退耕地营造沙棘林12.53万hm2,人均1hm2,吴起也成为全国沙棘种植面积最大的县。但退耕8年后,农民的生计如何解决,是一个迫切需要回答的问题。本文对“果用型”沙棘林分改造技术进行了一些探讨,提出对退耕地中条件较好的4万hm2雌株沙棘林,在保证密度、不破坏地被物、不引起水土流失的前提下,进行适度改造,以形成良好的结果冠形,增加结实量,借此增加农民的采果叶收入,提高其种植、管护、经营沙棘林的积极性,从而实现生态、经济“双盈”的目标。     

Agroforestry techniques for the rehabilitation of degraded salt-affected lands in India

The development of appropriate technologies for the judicious use of India's 8.11 million ha of salt-affected lands would give increased food, fodder and fuelwood production. A sizeable portion of the salt-affected lands of the Indo-Gangetic plain have been reclaimed through chemical amendments and are being commercially used for arable farming. However, large areas of salt-affected common lands, village and government lands and waste lands near cities, along railway tracks and roads do not have any productive use. Owing to their sparse vegetative cover such lands are vulnerable to further degradation and can be a source of runoff causing floods, especially where cows congregate. Research at the Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal has generated agroforestry techniques which could enable the economic exploitation of such marginal lands. This paper deals with various aspects of these techniques, which have been applied to over 50 000 ha by 1994. Based on eight to ten years of growth and biomass figures, the most salt-tolerant woody species identified were: Prosopis juliflora, Acacia nilotica, Casuarina equisetifolia, Tamarix articulata, Leptochloa fusca (a palatable forage grass which was found to be a promising primary colonizer of salt lands). Agronomic practices for the successful establishment of trees such as planting methods, amendment use, irrigation, spacing and lopping schedules are discussed. A Prosopis juliflora-leptochloa fusca silvipastoral model was found to be excellent for fuelwood and forage production and for the amelioration of high pH soils. This system, when followed for little more than four years, reclaims alkali soils to such an extent that normal agriculture crops such as Trifolium alexandrinum and T. resupinatum can be grown successfully. A ridge-trench system of tree planting was found to be helpful in alkali soils, the in situ rainwater conservation it led to assisting biomass production. Eucalyptus tereticornis, Populus deltoides and Tectona grandis based agroforestry were promising for reclaimed salt-affected lands. The short- and long-term effects of various tree plantations on the physicochemical properties of the soil and on soil-water relations are also discussed. Agroforestry options for the development of salt-affected lands found in various agroclimatic zones of India are explored.     

Effect of the L-D1 alleles on leaf morphology,canopy structure and photosynthetic productivity in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

One of the most important objectives for breeders is to develop high-yield cultivars.The increase in crop yield has met with bottlenecks after the first green revolution,and more recent efforts have been focusing on achieving high photosynthetic efficiency traits in order to enhance the yield.Leaf shape is a significant agronomic trait of upland cotton that affects plant and canopy architecture,yield,and other production attributes.The major leaf shape types,including normal,sub-okra,okra,and su...     

白浆型水稻土生物硅肥的应用效果

通过田间试验研究了生物硅肥的施用效果。试验结果表明:生物硅肥可以提高水稻的抗逆性和产量,施硅肥各处理产量均表现为高于对照,平均增产7.3%,在白浆土上每公顷基施150kg生物硅肥处理,增产最高,增产率达15%。     

种植密度对万寿菊生物学及产量性状的影响

为探讨黑龙江中部地区万寿菊合理栽培密度及群体活动,进行了种植密度与万寿菊植株生物学性状和总产量关系的研究,结果表明,不同密度下,寒地万寿菊株高、茎粗、株冠直径和干物质积累均存在差异,且总产量差异显著,最适宜的种植密度为4.05～4.5万株/hm2。