不同药剂处理对灵武长枣坐果与光合指标的影响

为了提高灵武长枣坐果率和单果质量,采用以色列专用肥(0.3%)、赤霉素(30×10-6)、爱乐壮(ALA、5-氨基乙酰丙酸)喷施处理大田种植的灵武长枣,测定其坐果率、光合速率、叶绿素含量、吊果量、单果质量等指标,分析不同药剂处理对灵武长枣坐果与光合作用的影响。结果表明:1‰ALA处理下的坐果率提高近1倍,且叶绿素含量、单果质量均高于对照;以色列肥处理下灵武长枣叶片的水分利用效率比对照高40%左右。因此推荐将1‰ALA和以色列专用肥应用于灵武长枣的生产实践中。     

4份桃种质挥发性成分的GC-MS分析

为了分析桃果实中共有的挥发性成分及初步探讨果皮毛和果肉颜色性状对挥发性成分的影响情况,以此2对性状均存在差异的4份桃种质为试材,采用顶空固相微萃取方法提取其成熟果肉中的挥发性成分,并用气相-质谱联用仪对其进行了测定。结果表明:4份桃种质中共鉴定出116种挥发性成分,其主要为酯、醛、醇和烷烃等类物质。从挥发性成分的种类数量上看,白肉桃‘大久保’和‘华光’中检出的挥发性成分种类较多,分别有68和52种;而2份黄肉桃种质中检出的挥发性成分种类均较少。从挥发性成分的种类上看,2份普通桃与2份油桃中的差异挥发性成分总共仅有3种,其分别为反式-2,4-庚二烯醛、戊酸-2,2,4-三甲基-3-异丙酸-异丁酯和脱氧精胍菌素,远低于2份白肉桃与2份黄肉桃种质中差异挥发性成分的数量(13种)。此外,从挥发性成分的类群上看,2份白肉桃含有较多的"青香型"的C6类化合物,而2份黄肉桃含有较多的"果香型"的酯和内酯类化合物。文中综合分析认为,果皮毛的有无和果肉的颜色性状均可能影响果实中挥发性成分的数量和种类,但后者的影响较为明显。     

Economic performance and comparative riskiness of different management practices for control of botrytis fruit rot in florida strawberry

Florida strawberry farmers usually rely on weekly calendar fungicide applications to prevent yield loss from Botrytis fruit rot (BFR). The Strawberry Advisory System (SAS), which helps optimize the timing of fungicide applications, is an additional tool in the farmers' arsenal of disease control options. This study uses data from two-year production trials in Florida combined with historical strawberry prices to measure the economic performance of the Calendar and SAS-based BFR management practices under output price risk and producers' risk preferences. We use Monte Carlo simulation to model the effect of the variability in weekly output prices on farm returns. Results reveal that the traditional calendar-based system is not the least risky BFR management option as growers expected to be. SAS-based options such as SAS-Switch and SAS-Luna would be preferred by both risk-neutral and risk-averse producers and are recommended under high disease pressure conditions.     

果蔬产品变色原因分析及其控制

分析了果蔬产品在加工贮存中变色的原因,综述了目前生产中常用的行之有效的护色措施,包括生物、化学和物理等方面的处理方法。     

油初始坐果机制研究

以成年油木奈树为材料,对其初始坐果进行了研究。结果表明,盛花后2周内,油木奈出现大量的落花落果;幼果(子房)低水平的GA1 3与油木奈的落花落果高峰关系密切,而内源细胞分裂素ZRs和[diH]ZRs以及ABA与幼果(子房)的生长呈显著的正相关;初始坐果期,油木奈的雌配子体发育缓慢,且有相当数量的胚囊中途退化、败育,无法正常受精,从而导致其大量的落花落果。文中就油木奈的初始坐果机制进行了讨论。     

基于计算机视觉技术的水果分级研究进展

较为全面地介绍了国内外基于计算机视觉技术的水果外观品质的单指标分级、多指标综合分级和水果内部品质检测分级的研究现状与方法,指出了现有研究中研究对象较单一、图像采集不全面、图像处理算法不多、精度不高等存在的主要问题.同时,提出了未来水果分级的发展方向,认为水果内外品质融合的一体化分级技术是未来的发展趋势.     

Irrigation scheduling in a mature peach orchard using tensiometers and dendrometers

Three trickle irrigation schedules, two of which were scheduled according to soil water potential ( soil) (tensiometer method) and daily stem contraction (DSC) (dendrometer method) respectively and the other one was a schedule of restricted water supply, were applied to a mature peach orchard.The annual water application based on soil was greater than that based on DSC. However, tree growth, fruit size and leaf water potential (leaf) on the trees in the dendrometer scheduling plot did not differ from those in the tensiometer scheduling plot while the premature fruit drop and fruit bud initiation were greatly different. The restricted water supply treatment limited significantly both tree and fruit growth. In addition, the lower leaf was observed on the trees in this plot.Further study shows that use of the dendrometer method for scheduling irrigation satisfies the water needs of the plant and that the tensiometer method is less accurate.Abbreviations leaf leaf water potential - soil soil water potential - DSC daily stem contraction - LVDT linear variable displacement transducer - PET potential evapotranspiration     

输液滴灌对龙眼生长及土壤和果实的影响

以石硖龙眼树为试材,对其进行管道输液(CK)、管道输液+地表滴灌(T1)、管道输液+地下10cm滴灌(T2)、管道输液+地下20cm滴灌(T3)、管道输液+地表多孔滴灌(T4)处理,调查其对树体生长,土壤状况和果实产量和质量的影响。结果表明:30d后,T1、T2、T3、T4叶片SPAD值增加量分别比CK提高37.5%、100%、125%、187.5%;T4的枝梢增长量最大,梢长和梢粗分别比CK提高128.34%和110.81%;不同处理在0~100cm土层,土壤含水量大致在15%~35%波动;土壤全氮、全磷和全钾主要集中0~40cm土层;T4果实横径、纵径、单果重、单株产量、可食率和可溶性固形物均比其他处理高,比CK分别提高5.45%、2.58%、8.64%、34.31%、2.85%及26.39%。