基于区域适应性的特色林果业发展探讨

[目的]通过特色林果业区域适应性分析,将特色林果配置在最适宜的自然生态区域进行生产经营,从而以特色优异品质获取较高的市场占有率,发挥特色产业的比较与竞争优势.[方法]以新疆特色林果业为研究对象,选取具有代表性的林果产品,从生物品种适应性、规模适应性、环境适应性三个方面分析特色林果业区域适应性问题.[结果]新疆具有发展特色林果业的资源优势和规模优势,适宜的生物条件保证了林果品质的优异性和稳定性.[结论]发展特色林果业,依据其生物品种适应性所形成的潜力规模和追求经济效益的合理规模的约束,因地制宜,适度发展,满足特色林果业的区域适应性,提升产业竞争力.     

温州蜜柑设施延迟栽培条件下的果实品质变化

以兴津温州蜜柑(Citrus unshiu Blanco cv.Okitsu wase)为材料,对设施内外果实的发育和品质的变化进行了研究.结果表明,相对于露地栽培,设施栽培可使果实的着色延迟;不同灌溉措施中,适度干旱处理的果实品质最好,其可溶性固形物比对照高出了1.3个百分点,可滴定酸下降速度也较其他处理快,比对照低了0.07个百分点,而且葡萄糖和果糖在后期有升高的趋势,而其他处理呈降低趋势.喷施处理中,以醋酸钙+赤霉素处理防治浮皮的效果最为明显,浮皮率可控制在5%以下,比对照低10个百分点.根据试验,柑橘设施栽培的果实一般可以延迟1-2个月采收.     

种子子指对棉株下部外围"铃-叶系统"生长及生理特征的影响

以转Bt基因抗虫棉33B为材料,播前根据种子的大小和饱满度状况设三个子指处理,观测了棉花下部果枝外围果节铃及其对位叶的生长和生理特征。结果显示,大粒饱满的种子处理显著提高了该部位开花当天铃对位叶叶面积,还明显地促进了源叶生理质量的改善,且成熟时单铃子棉的干物重得到明显增加。小粒饱满比大粒不饱满的种子更明显地影响了该部位“铃-叶系统”的生长和生理状况,显著降低了成熟时的单铃子棉干物重。     

Effects of Low Temperature Stress and INA Bacteria on Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Induction Kinetics in Young Fruit of Two Apricot Cultivars

Effects of low temperature and INA bacteria on the change of chlorophyll a fluorescence inyoung fruit from two apricot cultivars were investigated. Low temperature decreased the potential activity(Fv/Fo) ,conversion efficiency of primary light energy (Fv/Fm)of PS Ⅱ and photochemical quenching (qP) inyoung fruit of two apricot cultivars. Low temperature enhanced non-photochemical quenching qN, decreasingthe quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transfer. The presence of ice nucleating active (INA) bacteria in-tensified the effects of low temperature, raised the injury temperature threshold from - 4℃ to - 2 - - 3℃.INA bacteria can be a factor to induce frost susceptibility of apricot fruit. The amount of damaged PS Ⅱ activi-ty center was related to apricot fruit size and cultivar.     

果树栽植机光电定株距装置的设计与试验

针对果树栽植过程中株距难以控制的问题,考虑到现有的果树栽植机定株距存在结构复杂、制造成本高及受土壤滑移率影响较大等问题,设计了一种光电定株距装置,可以避免土壤滑移率对株距的影响,保证栽植果树株距的一致性,且可实现株距连续可调,满足不同果树栽植时对株距选择的要求。针对试验中出现的部分株距较设计值有所偏差的问题,分析了原因并提出了优化方案。试验结果表明:果树栽植机光电定株距装置栽植合格率92.5%,平均栽植深度合格率为92.9%,在1.7m栽植株距下,株距变异系数为5.9%,满足现代标准果园机械化生产要求。     

果树小叶病发生原因及小叶病果园综合管理措施

小叶病是果树普遍发生的一种生理性病害，主要是由于土壤缺锌以及树体内锌和磷的营养比例失调所致。小叶病严重影响果树的生长发育、产量和品质的提高。介绍了苹果、桃、葡萄、核桃、梨等果树的小叶病症状，并论述了小叶病发生的原因，提出了小叶病果园的综合管理措施，即应在改良土壤、增施有机肥的基础上，通过增施锌肥、合理浇灌、适当修剪来根治果树小叶病。     

Postharvest decay control and quality retention in litchi (cv. McLean's Red) by combined application of modified atmosphere packaging and antimicrobial agents

The effects of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) [bioriented polypropylene (BOPP-1 or BOPP-2)] in combination with antimicrobial agents Bacillus subtilis, 10⁷ colony-forming units (cfu) ml⁻¹; ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, calcium disodium salt hydrate (EDTA) (0.1%); or 4-hexylresorcinol (4-HR) (0.15%) on postharvest decay control and quality retention of litchi cv. McLean's Red were assessed as possible replacements for commercial SO₂ fumigation. Fruits dipped in B. subtilis, EDTA or 4-HR (5 min) separately, blow dried (25 °C, 3 min), packed in BOPP-1, held for 18 d at 2 °C, 95% RH, and 2 d at 14 °C, 75% RH were significantly less decayed. The antagonist–BOPP-1 combination also promoted the best bacterial survival during storage. B. subtilis was observed to survive effectively in BOPP-1 (16% O₂, 6% CO₂; 90% RH), but its survival was adversely affected in BOPP-2 (5% O₂, 8% CO₂; 93% RH). Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium spp. were the major decay-causing fungi in BOPP-1 treatments, and Candida, Cryptococcus and Zygosaccharomyces were the predominant yeasts in BOPP-2 treatments. Combination treatments EDTA, 4-HR or B. subtilis in BOPP-1 inhibited polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and significantly reduced pericarp browning and severity. Although the combination treatments EDTA, 4-HR or B. subtilis in BOPP were equally effective in controlling decay and browning, the EDTA and 4-HR affected the natural pinkish-red colour of the pericarp by showing higher h° values (orange–pink). Among the combination treatments, B. subtilis+BOPP-1 had the best potential to control decay, retain the colour and the overall litchi fruit quality during a marketing chain of 20 d.     

不同栽培条件下枣树幼果期光合作用日变化规律的研究

笔者以10年生壶瓶枣为试材,研究了枣树在灌溉、未灌溉、遮阴、雾化栽培和喷施亚硒酸钠5个处理下光合作用的日变化规律。结果表明:干旱条件降低了树体的光合作用,通过遮阴、雾化栽培和喷施亚硒酸钠可以提高树体的气孔导度,调节叶片的蒸腾,提高树体的光合速率,保证光合作用的进行。亚硒酸钠处理显著提高了叶片上午的净光合速率,气孔导度和蒸腾速率都比其他处理高。     

红松果林经营技术与产业发展前景预测

红松是我国重要的名贵树种,为国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生植物。本文论述了红松资源分布特点、遗传改良方法、天然林与人工林经营、经济果林营建等相关技术,并对产业发展优势进行了分析预测。