设施葡萄不同新梢间距处理对冠层光环境及果实品质的影响

选用6年生‘贝达’砧木嫁接的‘京蜜’葡萄为试材,在控制果实负载量相同的前提下,设置10、15和20 cm新梢间距处理,连续两年研究其3种新梢间距处理条件下葡萄冠层光环境及果实品质的差异。结果表明：树体冠层总孔隙度和开度为新梢间距20 cm处理 > 15 cm处理 > 10 cm处理,叶面积指数和光能截获率表现相反,新梢间距10 cm 处理 > 15 cm处理 > 20 cm处理。20 cm间距处理光能利用率低,10 cm处理叶面积指数过高,树体郁闭,15 cm处理叶面积指数合理,光能利用率高。果实单粒质量在新梢间距15 和20 cm处理间无显著差异,显著高于10 cm处理;果皮色泽以15 cm间距处理最佳,其次为20 cm处理,10 cm处理最差。果实内在品质,可溶性糖和维生素C含量以新梢间距15 cm处理 > 20 cm处理 > 10 cm处理,可滴定酸含量表现相反趋势,10 cm间距处理最高,15和20 cm处理间无显著差异。特征香气组分中具有玫瑰香味的芳樟醇与绿叶清香和果香的正己醛含量均以15 cm间距处理显著高于其他两个处理;清香和果香味的橙花醇、花香味的香叶醇、甜玫瑰香味的香茅醇及绿叶清香和果香味的2–己烯醛含量均以15和20 cm新梢间距处理显著高于10 cm处理。15 cm间距处理挥发性香气物质的含量较高,表现更浓的品种香气。综合认为,设施栽培中水平龙干树形配合高光效V形叶幕的‘京蜜’葡萄以新梢间距15 cm处理表现最佳。     

赤霉素喷施对红灯甜樱桃果实品质及解剖结构的影响

研究红灯甜樱桃生长期喷施不同浓度(20、60、100 mg·L^-1)赤霉素(GA₃)对果实品质及解剖结构的影响。结果表明,60 mg·L^-1的GA₃处理增加了单果重与纵径。不同浓度GA₃处理对果实横径无显著影响,但降低了果实硬度、可溶性糖、维生素C和可溶性固形物含量,升高了可滴定酸含量,致果实品质总体下降。解剖结构结果表明,GA₃喷施浓度越大,果实角质层与表皮厚度越薄,果肉细胞与表皮细胞越大,硬度越小。建议在生产中减少GA₃的使用,尤其是高浓度(100 mg·L^-1)的GA₃喷施对果实不利。     

香蕉果实发育成熟过程中多酚物质的变化规律

以3个香蕉品种‘巴西蕉’‘粉蕉’‘皇帝蕉’为供试材料,利用福林酚法测定其整个生育及成熟期果皮、果肉的多酚含量,探索不同香蕉品种在发育成熟过程中的多酚含量变化规律,及其与果实发育成熟的关系。结果显示,在香蕉果实整个生育期,多酚物质含量果皮均大于果肉。多酚物质在香蕉果皮、果肉生长发育期迅速积累,到采收期下降,采后果皮多酚物质含量随着成熟度的增加而增加,而果肉多酚物质基本维持不变。用外源乙烯和1-MCP处理后发现,与对照果实相比,乙烯促进其多酚物质的积累,而1-MCP抑制其积累。     

泰国水果干出口机遇与挑战

农业在泰国国民经济中占有重要地位,农产品是泰国外汇收入的主要来源之一。近年来,随着人们生活和饮食习惯的改变,水果干市场发展较为迅速,为了提高泰国水果干在国际市场中的竞争力,通过研究泰国水果干国内外市场现状,采用了SWOT分析法,对泰国水果干的优势、劣势、机会与威胁进行分析,提出相关政策建议。     

高职《果蔬贮藏与加工技术》课程教学改革与实践探索

面对高职教育的新形势,为了培养适应社会发展需求的果蔬贮藏与加工类人才,通过分析高职《果蔬贮藏与加工技术》的课程特点和教学中存在的问题,结合自身教学实践,重组了课程结构与体系,改进了教学方法,完善了课程考核体系,改变了传统教学和生产脱节的现象,教学质量大为提高。     

秋季叶面喷肥对红地球葡萄生长及果实品质的影响

【目的】研究秋季叶面喷肥对红地球葡萄树体生长和果实品质及产量的影响,从而获得最佳秋季喷肥配方,为红地球葡萄优质丰产栽培提供理论依据。【方法】于2012-10在陕西渭南红地球葡萄果实采收后,以喷清水为对照,设置4个不同配方叶面喷肥,每10d喷施1次,共喷施3次,在2013年春季测定不同处理红地球葡萄萌芽期冬芽的纵横径,于新梢生长期测定新梢直径及长度,于花蕾期测定花粉生活力及叶面积,于果实成熟期测定果实的外观品质、营养品质和产量。【结果】与对照相比,各喷肥处理使红地球葡萄的冬芽纵、横径,新梢直径、长度及叶面积和花粉生活力等均有不同程度的提高,增幅分别为12.15%~43.81%,1.84%~32.24%,8.08%~11.86%,26.62%~68.56%,3.23%~9.81%,13.68%~58.50%。各喷肥处理的百粒质量和百粒体积分别较对照增加10~20g,2.1~11.9cm3;各喷肥处理果蒂拉力和硬度分别为6.87~7.21N,3.90~4.58kg/cm2,均低于对照(7.72N,4.60kg/cm2)。各喷肥处理的可溶性固形物、Vc含量、糖酸比分别较对照高0.7%~2.1%,0.012 5~0.248 8mg/hg,9.343 6~16.070 3,且可滴定酸含量均低于对照。各喷肥处理的总产量增幅为21.47%~57.25%,其中处理4和处理5的总产量增幅都达到57%左右。【结论】与其他喷肥处理相比,处理4和处理5可以有效促进红地球葡萄树体生理生长、改善果实品质及提高果实产量。处理4(第1次.1.5%磷肥+0.6%铁肥+0.5%钙肥;第2次.2.0%磷肥+2.0%铁肥+1.0%钙肥;第3次.2.0%磷肥+2.0%铁肥+1.0%钙肥)和处理5(第1次.1.5%磷肥+0.6%镁肥+0.5%锌肥;第2次.2.0%磷肥+2.0%镁肥+1.0%锌肥;第3次.2.0%磷肥+2.0%镁肥+1.0%锌肥)是较好秋季喷肥配方。     

脆蜜金柑、融安金柑及滑皮金柑果实品质对比分析

[目的]比较金柑新品种脆蜜金柑与传统金柑品种融安金柑、滑皮金柑果实品质差异,为提高广西金柑产业竞争力提供参考依据.[方法]比较分析脆蜜金柑、滑皮金柑和融安金柑3个金柑品种果实的单果重、纵横径、果皮厚度及可溶性固形物、蔗糖、总糖、可滴定酸含量和果汁率、种子数、单位面积油胞数等21项指标.[结果]脆蜜金柑单果重、纵横径及可溶性固形物、蔗糖、总糖、可滴定酸含量和果汁率、种子数、单位面积油胞数等9项指标均优于融安金柑和滑皮金柑.其中,脆蜜金柑的单果重分别比融安金柑和滑皮金柑重7.9%和13.7%,可溶性固形物含量分别比融安金柑和滑皮金柑高42.38%和19.14%,总糖含量分别比融安金柑和滑皮金柑高53.98%和3.00%.[结论]脆蜜金柑是一个品质优良、极具推广潜力的金柑新品种.     

Evaluation of thiacloprid and clothianidin (neonicotinoids) as alternative to fenthion (organophosphate) for control of Mediterranean fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in deciduous fruit orchards

Fenthion (organophosphate) was used in Australia to target adults, eggs and larvae of Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly), Ceratitis capitata Wiedmann (Diptera: Tephritidae) in deciduous fruits. With its removal from use in 2015, clothianidin and thiacloprid (neonicotinoids) were evaluated for any adulticide, ovicide or larvicide (eggs, larvae) activity against Medfly in a series of laboratory and field-cage experiments in peach and nectarine. We included fenthion in all experiments as a positive control. As an adulticide, fenthion had the greatest residual toxicity on fruit, with 7 d old residues killing 44% of adults within 48 h compared to thiacloprid (17%) and clothianidin (30%). When applied as a larvicide to naturally infested peaches, none of the insecticides was 100% effective, though fewest pupae (1.18 ± 0.19 pupae/fruit) (indirect measurement of larval survival) were produced when treated with fenthion, followed by clothianidin (3.40 ± 0.33 pupae/fruit) and thiacloprid (6.88 ± 0.34 pupae/fruit); with 11.35 ± 0.30 pupae/fruit in control (water). In peaches treated 48 h post-infestation, fenthion was most effective in reducing numbers of pupae and adult emergence and with higher percentage of deformed adults, with thiacloprid=clothianidin. In nectarines treated 48 h post-infestation, fenthion was most effective in reducing numbers of pupae and adult emergence as well as with higher percentage of deformed adults, followed by clothianidin. Insecticides were least effective when applied as a preventative 24 h or 7 d prior to infestation, with fenthion more effective than clothianidin. Whilst our study shows that neither clothianidin nor thiacloprid are equivalent to fenthion, they are acceptable substitutes to growers for use for Medfly in deciduous fruits given that fenthion is no longer available to growers in Australia. We recommend that growers incorporate other controls to target the adult stage rather than rely only on new insecticides.