Preparation of Pectin/Chitosan Synbiotic Microcapsules and Its Study on Simulated Gastrointestinal Environments and Storage Stability

Pediococcus acidilactici and inulin were used as wall cores,with pectin and chitosan as the shell material.The conditions of microencapsulation were optimized by analyzing the embedding rate,particle morphology,the mechanical strength,gastrointestinal tolerance in vitro and storage performance.The experimental group was divided into three groups:Free Pediococcus acidilactici group (PA),microcapsule group made by embedding Pediococcus acidilactici alone (PC(PA)MCs),synbiotic microcapsule group made by embedding inulin and Pediococcus acidilactici (PC(PA-I)MCs).The results showed that the appearance,particle size,mechanical strength and embedding rate of microcapsules were better when the mass concentration of pectin was 5 g/100 mL,the content of inulin was 25 mg/mL and the mass concentration of chitosan was 0.8 g/100 mL.Through the gastrointestinal tolerance test in vitro, it was found that PC(PA-I)MCs group was relatively stable in the artificial gastric juice in vitro (P<0.05).At the same time,it began to release rapidly in the artificial intestinal fluid in vitro at 30 min and it was almost completely disintegrated after 2 h.It was found that the cell survival rate of PA group decreased significantly at cold and room temperature through the storage test for 4 weeks.While the cell survival rate of PC(PA-I)MCs group decreased slightly.And the cell survival rate of PC(PA-I)MCs group was higher than that of PC(PA)MCs group (P>0.05).At room temperature,the cell survival rate of PC(PA-I)MCs group was higher than that of PC(PA)MCs group (P>0.05).In summary,pectin/chitosan microcapsules with inulin as probiotics had a better embedding effect on Pediococcus acidilactici.     

Root zone temperature alters storage root formation and growth of sweetpotato

Large mounds amended with plant residues are a common cultivation method for sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) in the western parts of the Papua New Guinea highlands, with a suggested benefit of elevated root zone temperature (RZT) from decomposition. This study aimed to evaluate whether RZT affects the formation and growth of sweetpotato storage roots. Experiments evaluated the effects of a constant elevated RZT on the Beauregard cultivar and of a short‐term increase in RZT on the Beauregard and Northern Star cultivars. Plants were grown in 18‐L pots divided into a control compartment (constant RZT at 20°C) and a treated compartment (RZT at 30, 40 or 50°C). Constant elevated RZT was maintained until harvest, while short‐term increase in RZT occurred in weeks 2 and 3 only. Constant elevated RZT did not affect the total number of storage roots, but RZT of 30°C and above reduced the dry‐biomass of storage roots. The short‐term increase in RZT did not alter the total number or dry‐biomass of storage roots in Beauregard, while both of these attributes were reduced at RZT of 40°C or above in Northern Star. Elevated RZT inhibited dry‐biomass accumulation of storage root, with a more pronounced impact at constant elevated RZT. These results demonstrate that any benefits of the mound culture on sweetpotato yield production do not arise through the influence of temperature elevation.     

洋葱的贮藏原理及方法

洋葱是一种无呼吸跃变的蔬菜,具有明显的休眠期。洋葱的贮藏原理就是人为地抑制其呼吸强度,延长其休眠期。为此,根据洋葱的贮藏原理和贮藏环境因素,研究了目前国内主要采用的几种洋葱贮藏方法的特点,为洋葱的贮藏与加工提供一定的参考。     

乳成分对凝固型酸乳贮藏品质的影响

鲜乳的乳成分随季节、温度、挤乳时间及次数变化明显,导致用其直接加工的酸乳品质差异较大,因此,本实验研究了不同乳蛋白、乳脂肪和乳糖添加量对酸乳贮藏期间酸度和持水性的影响.结果表明:酸乳贮藏持水性随乳蛋白、乳脂肪和乳糖添加量的升高而明显增强;酸度随乳蛋白添加量的增加明显上升,而脂肪和乳糖添加量对凝固型酸乳贮藏酸度无明显影响.     

细叶百合冷藏过程中鳞茎保护酶活性与休眠解除的关系

以细叶百合为试材,通过冷藏(5℃)解除鳞茎休眠,研究了细叶百合鳞茎解除休眠过程中鳞茎保护酶活性与糖代谢的变化规律。结果表明,鳞片、顶芽及鳞茎盘SOD活性在冷藏0~24 d内下降,除顶芽外,鳞茎各部位POD活性在0~24 d内呈下降趋势,外鳞片、顶芽及鳞茎盘中CAT活性在冷藏0~12 d内下降,冷藏中后期,SOD、CAT、ASP 活性升高,鳞片中POD的活性下降,顶芽及鳞茎盘POD、PPO在冷藏中期上升。各种代谢相关酶在不同器官中的作用并不完全相同。在低温处理36~60 d内,ASP、CAT活性快速上升,后期趋于稳定。SOD活性最低点出现在冷藏36~60 d,鳞茎各部位淀粉与CAT、PPO、ASP均表现为负相关性,SOD、POD、PAL与鳞片中淀粉表现为正相关性。36 d是鳞茎解除休眠的起点,60 d时鳞茎基本解除休眠。     

低剂量60Co-γ射线辐照花粉对贵长猕猴桃果实的影响

为了解低剂量60Co-γ射线辐照花粉对贵长猕猴桃果实的影响,以市售猕猴桃商品花粉为材料,采用不同低剂量60Co-γ射线对花粉进行辐照处理,研究辐照花粉对猕猴桃果实生长发育、果实品质及耐贮性的影响。试验结果表明,与对照组（CK）相比：处理组果实乙烯生成速率、呼吸速率增加（CK＜G6＜G9）,果皮硬度减小（CK＞G6＞G9）;G9辐照处理使果实畸果率升高,座果率、单果重、单果种子数下降,果实干物质、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸及Vc含量显著减少;G6辐照处理后果实生长发育及果实品质均与对照组无显著差异。本研究为低剂量60Co-γ射线辐照去除丁香假单胞菌猕猴桃花粉的应用提供了理论依据。     

四种猪血抗凝剂抗溶血效果比较及新复合型抗凝剂最佳使用条件研究

采用紫外分光光度计测定血浆液中血红蛋白的吸光值。比较添加不同抗凝剂血液保存时间,确定一种猪血新复合型抗凝剂及其最佳保存条件。试验结果表明,最佳使用条件为抗凝剂溶液浓度15%、抗凝剂添加比例4.5‰、保存温度8℃、保存时间不超过84h。     

超高比表面积活性炭孔分布对天然气脱附量的影响

在比表面积相同的情况下,研究了超高比表面积活性炭吸附剂孔分布对天然气脱附量的影响.研究结果表明,超高比表面积活性炭吸附剂的中孔(2 nm相似文献   

全天冷藏对家蚕雌蛾产卵及次代经济性状的影响

本试验以家蚕品种"湘·7、芙·9"为试验材料,通过对"湘·7"原种雌蛾冷藏后产卵成绩及其次代蚕的性状表现情况调查,结果表明,雌蛾在6℃温度条件下24h内冷藏完全可行,且对次代蚕的性状表现无明显的负面影响.     

现代集约化肉羊业主要关键技术研究与应用

专门化肉用种羊选定、引进后，通过适应性研究，在较大规模养羊业生产实践中。对现代集约化肉羊业的主要关键技术进行研究、完善和创新，组装集成并应用于生产。技术研究应用结果既为市场提供了大批专门化肉用种羊和优质安全的杂种肉羊，取得了高水平的研究成果及显著的经济效益和社会效益．又为我国目前正在迅速发展的集约化肉羊业提供了可靠的技术支持和理想的生产模式：从适宜的专门化肉羊品种到运用高效母羊快速扩繁技术．建立和完善有效的肉羊杂交利用体系，普遍应用种羊鲜、冻精生产大批肉用杂种羔羊，种植高产优质饲草及其科学加工调制和利用．建立严格兽医防疫制度．实行放牧 补饲或全舍饲的精细管理和集约化育肥，至生产优质、安全、标准肉羊，获得显著的经济效益和社会效益。