野生老芒麦种质资源鉴定与基部叶鞘绒毛变异分析

为更好地利用老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus L.)野生资源,本研究从我国青藏高原、西北、华北、东北地区以及国外部分地区共采集了1 723份野生披碱草属种质资源,通过表型特征观测和流式细胞仪检测,共鉴定出了990份野生老芒麦种质,246份垂穗披碱草种质,并测得老芒麦的DNA含量在5.86～7.30 Gb之间,平均DNA含量为6.66 Gb;垂穗披碱草材料的DNA含量在9.50～10.36 Gb之间,平均DNA含量为9.97 Gb。研究结果显示,在西北、华北以及东北地区的部分野生老芒麦材料在苗期基部叶鞘出现了绒毛,分析发现该表型出现的概率与经度和纬度呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),与海拔、年年均气温以及年平均降雨量呈极显著负相关关系(P<0.01)。表明老芒麦苗期基部叶鞘绒毛的有无与环境因子之间存在着必然的联系,可能是老芒麦种质应对不同环境类型的适应性机制之一。本研究为老芒麦的形态鉴定提供了新的依据,为老芒麦种质资源挖掘和育种应用提供了材料基础。     

巴氏奶行业抢“鲜”研究

在新消费升级的背景下,人们越来越注重消费品质量和感受,乳制品消费的新鲜化和休闲化是新消费时代的发展趋势。营养鲜活、口感轻柔的巴氏奶,在我国乳制品液态奶品类中成为新的消费增长点,各大乳品企业纷纷加码低温赛道抢占市场。本文基于大量的文献研究并结合消费市场趋势,从而确定探究新消费下的巴氏奶行业问题。从巴氏奶市场发展现状入手,集合巴氏奶在国家政府部门所发布的各项利好政策为发展背景优势。通过分析巴氏奶在乳品市场中的规模,发现其增速提高和占比增大的发展态势,强劲的增长吸引各大乳品企业争先布局低温市场。为了避免盲目入局,本文继续分析了巴氏奶在目前发展中存在的问题,并对上述巴氏奶发展问题提出了针对性的建议,最后围绕新消费下的特点,重构“人货场”三要素,以期激活消费者的购买力。     

高压静电场处理对葡萄鲜度保持的影响

以巨丰葡萄为材料,研究了在20kV/m,40kV/m,60kV/m,80kV/m,100kV/m不同高压静电场处理1h对葡萄的质量损失率、腐烂率、掉果率的影响.试验结果表明:高压静电场处理对葡萄质量损失有明显的抑制作用;并且能够延迟葡萄采后的衰老过程,葡萄的腐烂率、掉果率明显低于对照;在相同贮藏条件下,利用60kV/m的高压静电场处理,葡萄的保鲜效果好于其它高压静电场处理,葡萄贮藏70天,好果率达80%.     

Irrigation scheduling in a mature peach orchard using tensiometers and dendrometers

Three trickle irrigation schedules, two of which were scheduled according to soil water potential ( soil) (tensiometer method) and daily stem contraction (DSC) (dendrometer method) respectively and the other one was a schedule of restricted water supply, were applied to a mature peach orchard.The annual water application based on soil was greater than that based on DSC. However, tree growth, fruit size and leaf water potential (leaf) on the trees in the dendrometer scheduling plot did not differ from those in the tensiometer scheduling plot while the premature fruit drop and fruit bud initiation were greatly different. The restricted water supply treatment limited significantly both tree and fruit growth. In addition, the lower leaf was observed on the trees in this plot.Further study shows that use of the dendrometer method for scheduling irrigation satisfies the water needs of the plant and that the tensiometer method is less accurate.Abbreviations leaf leaf water potential - soil soil water potential - DSC daily stem contraction - LVDT linear variable displacement transducer - PET potential evapotranspiration     

红碎茶CTC齿辊数控加工及误差统计研究

介绍了自行研制的红碎茶CTC齿辊微机数控加工车床的总体方案，进给系统结构设计以及微机数控硬件系统主要构成、软件功能和加工子程序。利用数理统计学方法，对齿辊3mm节距误差进行了分析研究，结果表明采用微机数控加工齿辊，节距精度得到明显提高。该机同时也保留了普通车床基本功能。     

玉米不同生育期水分胁迫指标

采用田间小区实验 ,通过对玉米不同生育期、不同土壤水分条件下叶水势、气孔导度、光合作用、植株蒸腾、生理生态状况及产量形成的观测试验 ,并在总结已有成果的基础上 ,分析研究了玉米不同生育阶段的水分胁迫指标阈值 ,提出了玉米不同生育阶段的水分胁迫指标 ,为节水灌溉与灌溉管理提供了科学、实用的依据。     

春小麦高产叶龄模式的研究

本研究根据春小麦的叶龄进程，对水、肥、密等影响产量的主要因素进行优化组合，提出了旨在提高春小麦的产量及获得最佳效益的高产模式，为指导我国北方春小麦的生产提供了科学依据。     

The culturable leaf mycobiome of Viscum album subsp. austriacum

In Poland's pine forests, mistletoe (Viscum album subsp. austriacum) abundance has increased over the past 20 years. This mistletoe infestation has decreased the growth and vigour of Scots pine trees. In this study, we surveyed the culturable fungi from healthy and diseased V. album subsp. austriacum leaves from two stands in Poland. In total, 63 distinct species were identified, 99.8% of which belonged to the phylum Ascomycota. The community compositions of fungi in mistletoe leaves were similar in healthy and diseased leaves as Alternaria alternata, Aureobasidium pullulans, Botryosphaeria visci, Fusarium paeoniae and Microsphaeropsis olivacea were consistently found in leaves of all symptom types. The most frequently isolated fungus from asymptomatic leaves was M. olivacea, followed by A. alternata, A. pullulans and Hypoxylon rubiginosum. In comparison, the most frequently isolated fungi from leaves with rusty-brown necrotic spots were (in decreasing order) M. olivacea, B. visci, F. paeoniae and A. alternata, while the most frequently isolated fungi from leaves with black or dark brown spots were M. olivacea, A. alternata, A. pullulans, Epicoccum layuense and F. paeoniae. This study was the first comprehensive report showing that certain fungal species may be pathogens of V. album subsp. austriacum in Poland. This study was also the first report of F. paeoniae, F. juglandicola, Diaporthe vacuae and Heterotruncatella spartii from V. album, and the first report of D. vacuae and H. spartii in Poland.