不同品种鲜食核桃冷藏期间呼吸强度及品质变化

为探讨鲜食核桃冷藏期间品质变化规律,在(0±1)℃、相对湿度(RH)70%～80%的贮藏条件下,以辽河4号（L4）、西扶1号（X1）和西扶2 号（X2）核桃品种为试材,采用0.03 mm 厚聚乙烯（PE）袋包装,定期对其相关指标进行测定。结果显示,贮藏初期（15 d）呼吸强度迅速下降,之后维持在低且平稳的水平;3个品种之间水分、脂肪、蛋白质及氨基酸含量均呈现极显著差异;贮藏期间蛋白质含量变化不显著;脂肪、不饱和脂肪酸含量及维生素E含量总体呈现下降趋势;氨基酸含量30 d 时最高,之后保持下降趋势;酸价及过氧化值呈现上升趋势;贮藏中后期（60 d后）酸价、过氧化值、好果率及感官品质急剧下降。结果表明：鲜食核桃贮藏品质受品种影响很大,60 d 为鲜食核桃适宜贮藏期,以L4品质最好。     

鸡蛋蛋壳裂纹敲击振动功率谱信号特征参数筛选和分析

运用自行研制的禽蛋裂纹检测装置,可以采集并分析敲击鸡蛋产生的响应信号,检测裂纹蛋。提取敲击响应信号功率谱的10个特征参数,并采用逐步回归法和遗传算法进行优化和筛选,以期选取更有效的特征参数,提高模型检测精度。结果表明,遗传算法筛选结果明显优于逐步回归法。当采用遗传算法筛选的4个特征参数(功率谱信号的第1共振峰对应的频率点、第1共振峰的功率谱与其前4个频率功率谱的方差、前3个共振峰功率谱方差、中低频段功率谱能量比)作为判别模型的输入向量,模型能取得最优结果,预测集判别率可达到97.2%。     

模糊综合评价下的鲜活农产品配送绩效评价

由于鲜活农产品不同于其它产品,因此对其绩效评价也就有别于其它产品,文章通过构建三级指标体系,应用模糊综合评价方法,结合群组层次制定各因素权重设计了一套关于农产品配送绩效评价的模型。通过对案例结果客观分析,为物流中心鲜活农产配送提供了改进思路和方法。     

Deficit irrigation based on drought tolerance and root signalling in potatoes and tomatoes

Agriculture is a big consumer of fresh water in competition with other sectors of the society. Within the EU-project SAFIR new water-saving irrigation strategies were developed based on pot, semi-field and field experiments with potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), fresh tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and processing tomatoes as model plants. From the pot and semi-field experiments an ABA production model was developed for potatoes to optimize the ABA signalling; this was obtained by modelling the optimal level of soil drying for ABA production before re-irrigation in a crop growth model. The field irrigation guidelines were developed under temperate (Denmark), Mediterranean (Greece, Italy) and continental (Serbia, China) climatic conditions during summer. The field investigations on processing tomatoes were undertaken only in the Po valley (North Italy) on fine, textured soil. The investigations from several studies showed that gradual soil drying imposed by deficit irrigation (DI) or partial root zone drying irrigation (PRD) induced hydraulic and chemical signals from the root system resulting in partial stomatal closure, an increase in photosynthetic water use efficiency, and a slight reduction in top vegetative growth. Further PRD increased N-mineralization significantly beyond that from DI, causing a stay-green effect late in the growing season. In field potato and tomato experiments the water-saving irrigation strategies DI and PRD were able to save about 20-30% of the water used in fully irrigated plants. PRD increased marketable yield in potatoes significantly by 15% due to improved tuber size distribution. PRD increased antioxidant content significantly by approximately 10% in both potatoes and fresh tomatoes. Under a high temperature regime, full irrigation (FI) should be undertaken, as was clear from field observations in tomatoes. For tomatoes full irrigation should be undertaken for cooling effects when the night/day average temperature >26.5 °C or when air temperature >40 °C to avoid flower-dropping. The temperature threshold for potatoes is not clear. From three-year field drip irrigation experiments we found that under the establishment phase, both potatoes and tomatoes should be fully irrigated; however, during the later phases deficit irrigation might be applied as outlined below without causing significant yield reduction:

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Potatoes

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After the end of tuber initiation, DI or PRD is applied at 70% of FI. During the last 14 days of the growth period, DI or PRD is applied at 50% of FI.

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Fresh tomatoes

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From the moment the 1st truce is developed, DI is applied at 85-80% of FI for two weeks. In the middle period, DI or PRD is applied at 70% of FI. During the last 14 days of the growth period, DI or PRD is applied at 50% of FI.

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Processing tomatoes

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From transplanting to fruit setting at 4th-5th cluster, the PRD and DI threshold for re-irrigation is when the plant-available soil water content (ASWC) equals 0.7 (soil water potential, Ψ_soil = −90 kPa). During the late fruit development/ripening stage, 10% of red fruits, the threshold for re-irrigation for DI is when ASWC = 0.5 (Ψ_soil = −185 kPa) and for PRD when ASWC (dry side) = 0.4 (Ψ_{soil, dry side} = −270 kPa).

The findings during the SAFIR project might be used as a framework for implementing water-saving deficit irrigation under different local soil and climatic conditions.     

施氮和间作对蚕豆根瘤形成及氮素吸收累积的影响

为探究不同施氮水平下小麦蚕豆间作对蚕豆根瘤形成及氮素吸收累积的影响,明确氮肥施用与豆科作物结瘤固氮、氮素吸收累积和产量的关系,通过2年田间试验,分析了N0、N1、N2和N3 4个施氮水平（蚕豆：0、45、90、135kg/hm²;小麦：0、90、180、270kg/hm²）下,单作、间作蚕豆各关键生育期根瘤鲜重、氮素吸收关键参数、地上部氮素累积量和产量的特征。结果表明,N0、N1和N2水平下,间作蚕豆根瘤鲜重比单作分别提高40.9%、27.2%和34.1%;高氮（N3）水平下,单作、间作蚕豆根瘤鲜重无显著差异。与单作相比,4个施氮水平下间作蚕豆的最大氮素累积量（A）和最大氮素吸收速率（R_max）降幅分别为8.01%~13.93%和10.27%~12.98%,表明氮素吸收累积特点与根瘤鲜重相反。在蚕豆营养生长阶段（出苗后90d内）,单作、间作蚕豆氮素累积量无差异;进入结荚期后（出苗90d后）,间作显著降低了蚕豆的氮素累积量。同时,蚕豆产量也受施氮量和种植模式的调控,与单作相比,4个施氮水平下,间作降低蚕豆产量平均达20.66%。整体而言,在N1水平下,蚕豆根瘤鲜重和产量达最大值,随着施氮量增加,蚕豆根瘤鲜重、氮素累积量和产量均随之降低,间作促进根瘤形成的优势减弱甚至消失。因此,间作体系中蚕豆氮肥的运筹与间作优势的形成密切相关。     

不同干燥方式对全蛋粉冲调性能的影响

为提高全蛋粉的品质和冲调性能,采用热风干燥,真空冷冻干燥、微波干燥、喷雾干燥和红外干燥对鲜蛋液进行干燥制粉,研究不同干燥方式对全蛋粉营养成分和润湿下沉性、水合能力、溶解指数、结块率及稳定系数等冲调性能关键评价指标的影响.结果表明:喷雾干燥全蛋粉的营养成分保留率最高,冲调性能最好,其中润湿下沉时间为198.24 s、水合...     

一种非EDSV引起的鸭传染性减蛋症

自1999年5月以来，浙江省许多产蛋鸭发生了一种以产蛋率锐减为特征的新疾病，其中某地区67户养鸭专业户，共饲养蛋鸭15.7万羽，陆续进入产蛋高峰期后，有2375 羽鸭群的产蛋率突然下降，由原来的91.2%减到52.7%，同时伴有畸形蛋、沙壳蛋，蛋质低劣，蛋清稀薄，除少部分病鸭伴有烦躁不安和吵棚外，鸭群的精神体态基本正常，采食量略有下降，一般不引起死亡。起初养鸭户都误认为是当地饲料厂供应的饲料所致，后来发现该病具有传染性，疫病主要沿河流自上而下蔓延。在此后1个多月时间内，共有49户养鸭户12.3 万羽蛋鸭相继发病，产蛋率下降幅度为20%～80%，使用各种抗菌药物治疗无效，提高饲料营养也不起作用。该病发病急，传播迅速，通常在2～3天内产蛋率由80%～90%以上下降到30% ～40%，有的甚至更低，产蛋率越高，感染后下降幅度往往越大。病鸭从产蛋下降到康复需3 -7周时间，恢复后不能达到标准产蛋曲线，产蛋周期缩短。剖检病鸭主要表现为生殖器官病变，卵巢卵泡减少、萎缩，输卵管蛋白分泌部缩小，蛋白分泌腺减少，子宫萎缩，有的严重病例可见卵黄性腹膜炎，肝、心、肾和肺有斑点出血。该病的临床症状类似于减蛋综合征（ EDS）［1］，但是，用减蛋综合征灭活苗免疫预防不能有效保护。作者对病鸭体作无菌检查并分离了病毒（命名为YH99株），用0.2 μm滤器过滤后，经人工感染易感蛋鸭能成功诱导典型发病，再从病鸭中回收到同样病毒。将YH99株与鸡源减蛋综合征病毒（EDSV-AV127）［2～4］和鸭源减蛋综合征病毒［3］（EDSV-JE 1，由上海市畜牧兽医站周锦萍提供）进行比较，结果发现：     

应用生长调节剂对锦橙留树保鲜的影响

重庆地区锦橙果实采前应用GA处理以延缓果实成熟,可留树保鲜2～3个月,再配合使用2,4-D,座果率可达百分之九十五左右,且果实色泽鲜艳、可溶性固形物含量高、果肉细嫩、风味浓甜,只要加强栽培管理,一般不影响翌年的产最。     

蛋用型鸡血浆极低密度脂蛋白浓度与蛋黄脂肪酸含量的相关研究

蛋用型鸡血浆极低密度脂蛋白（ＶＬＤＬ）浓度与蛋黄中各种脂肪酸相对含量的相关均很小。蛋黄脂肪的多聚不饱和脂肪酸对饱和脂肪酸的比例（Ｐ／Ｓ）较高（０．６１～０．６２），对血浆ＶＬＤＬ浓度的正反选择均不会影响鸡蛋的这种优良品质     

茶鲜叶摊放过程中脂质过氧化作用特点初探

对新鲜茶叶在摊放过程中的失水率、细胞膜透性、三种保护酶（ＳＯＤ,ＣＡＴ,ＰＯＤ）活性及脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量的变化及其相互关系进行了研究．结果表明,随着摊放时间的延长和叶片失水程度的增加,鲜叶内ＳＯＤ,ＣＡＴ活性先增强然后迅速减弱,ＰＯＤ活性则一直保持增强的趋势,叶片细胞膜透性和ＭＤＡ含量则不断上升．反映出茶鲜叶在摊放过程中脂质过氧化作用不断加剧,并且其增加速率与保护酶活性变化有一定相关,这在一定程度上意味着茶鲜叶适度摊放的化学实质与脂质过氧化作用有关