番茄品种耐弱光性的综合评价

研究了苗期弱光条件对幼苗素质，开花，果实大小及产量的影响，采用模糊数学的隶属法对品种的耐弱光性进行评价，并探讨了番茄耐弱光性状的鉴定方法，结果表明，苗期弱光对幼苗素质影响最大，其次影响开花，果实大小和产量，春雷２号和春雷１号属于耐弱光惭弱的品种，白果强丰属不耐弱光品种。     

叶绿体型转昆虫抗冻蛋白基因烟草的耐寒性

根据已构建的大豆叶绿体表达载体pJY01,设计特异性引物,将昆虫抗冻蛋白基因MpAFP149插入此载体中构成叶绿体表达载体pJY01-MpAFP149,利用基因枪轰击法转化烟草,经壮观霉素筛选获得4株叶绿体型转抗冻蛋白基因烟草株系。PCR和PCR-Southern结果显示外源基因已整合至烟草叶绿体基因组中但同质化水平不高,RT-PCR结果也表明昆虫抗冻蛋白基因已发生了转录。将野生型烟草、叶绿体型转抗冻蛋白基因烟草及核转化T₁代转抗冻蛋白基因烟草(pCAMBIA1302- MpAFP149)于–1℃低温处理3 d,观察耐寒表型及测定相对电导率。结果表明, 叶绿体型转基因烟草的耐寒表型优于野生型烟草,但与核转化的T₁代转抗冻蛋白基因烟草无显著差异。处理3 d时,叶绿体型转基因烟草和T₁代转抗冻蛋白基因烟草的电导率分别为39.2%和38.2%,而野生型烟草已达73.7%。本实验获得的异质化转叶绿体抗冻蛋白基因烟草与转核基因烟草的耐寒力无差异。     

Identification of QTLs associated with salinity tolerance at late growth stage in barley

Salinity is a major abiotic stress to barley (Hordum vulgare L.) growth and yield. In the current study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for yield and physiological components at the late growth stage under salt stress and non-stress environments were determined in barley using a double haploid population derived from a cross between CM72 (salt-tolerant) and Gairdner (salt-sensitive). A total of 30 QTLs for 10 traits, including tiller numbers (TN), plant height, spikes per line (SPL), spikes per plant (SPP), dry weight per plant, grains per plant, grain yield, shoot Na⁺ (NA) and K⁺ concentraitions (K) in shoot, and Na⁺/K⁺ ratio (NAK), were detected, with 17 and 13 QTLs under non-stress and salt stress, respectively. The phenotypic variation explained by individual QTL ranged from 3.25 to 29.81%. QTL flanked by markers bPb-1278 and bPb-8437 on chromosomes 4H was associated with TN, SPL, and SPP under salt stress. This locus may be useful in the breeding program of marker-assisted selection for improving salt tolerance of barley. However, QTLs associated with NA, K, and NAK differed greatly between non-stress and salt stress environments. It may be suggested that only the QTLs detected under salt stress are really associated with salt tolerance in barley. D. Xue and Y. Huang contributed equally to the article.     

Production of mutants with high cold tolerance in spring canola (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica napus</Emphasis>)

A major factor affecting spring canola (Brassica napus) production in Canada is killing frosts during seedling development in the spring and seed maturation in the fall. The objective of this study was to explore the possibility of producing spring canola lines with mutations that have altered biochemical pathways that increase cold tolerance. The approach was to generate UV point mutations in cultured microspores followed by chemical in vitro selection of individual mutant microspores or embryos resulting in measurable alterations to various biochemical pathways with elevated levels of key defense signaling molecules such as, salicylic acid (SA), p-Fluoro-d,l-Phenyl Alanine (FPA), and jasmonic acid (JA). In addition, since proline (Pro) is known to protect plant tissues in the cold-induced osmotic stress pathway, mutants that overproduce Pro were selected in vitro by using three Pro analogues: hydroxyproline (HP), azetidine-2-carboxylate (A2C); and, 3,4-dehydro-d,l-proline (DP). Of the 329 in vitro selected mutant embryos produced, 74 were identified with significant cold tolerance compared to their donor parents through indoor freezer tests at −6°C, and 19 had better winter field survival than winter canola checks. All chemically selected mutant doubled haploids with increased cold tolerance compared well with parent lines for all seed quality and agronomic parameters. Development of increased frost tolerant cultivars should allow for spring canola to be produced in western Canada without compromising seed quality.     

Polyamines enhance chilling tolerance of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) through modulating antioxidative system

Cucumber chilling-resistant cultivar Changchun mici and -sensitive cultivar Beijing jietou were used in this study to investigate the effects of exogenous PAs on protection against chilling injury as well as on changes of physiological features, and the fluctuation of free PAs content in the leaves under chilling stress. Upon chilling treatment, free spermidine (Spd), spermine (Spm) and putrescine (Put) were remarkably induced in the leaves of cv. Changchun mici 1 day after treatment. The induction of Put declined thereafter, whereas Spd and Spm levels increased steadily. In the leaves of cv. Beijing jietou, Put content was increased only at 1 day after chilling while Spd content decreased significantly upon chilling treatment. Chilling reduced soluble protein content, and decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxidase dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) only in Beijing jietou. However, these changes could be renovated by exogenous application of Put and Spd. It was also found that pretreatment with Put and Spd diminished the increased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content caused by chilling in the leaves of both cultivars. Pretreatment of methyglyoxal-bis-(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), the PAs biosynthetic inhibitor cancelled the effects of PAs in most of the treatments. Moreover, histochemical staining and quantitative measurements showed that exogenous application of Put and Spd eliminated but MGBG exaggerated the hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) accumulation caused by chilling stress, especially in leaves of Beijing jietou. Interestingly, Changchun mici was found to contain higher endogenous free PAs contents compared to Beijing jietou. While no significant difference of SOD, POD and CAT activities was found between non-chilling Changchun mici and Beijing jietou seedlings, the former exhibited higher APX activity than the latter. These results suggest that PAs play important roles in the tolerance of cucumber against chilling stress, which is most likely achieved by acting as oxidative machinery against chilling injury.     

黄瓜耐弱光性的多元统计分析

 利用遮阳网模拟弱光条件, 调查18份黄瓜自交系苗期生长发育和生理生化指标, 采用多元统计分析方法评价黄瓜品系耐弱光性强弱。结果表明, 参试品系的13个指标在品系间存在显著差异, 利用因子分析将这些指标综合成5个主因子, 累计贡献率达85.62%。对旋转后的因子得分进行聚类分析, 供试品系可分为4类: 耐弱光材料M₂₂、M₄₃、M_a9; 较耐弱光材料M₈、M₁₁、M₃、M₄、M₃₄; 弱光中度敏感材料M₁₂、M₂₁、M₁₄、M₂、M_a1、M₂₈和弱光敏感材料M₁₀、M₄₄、M₃₂、M₃₆。经过弱光处理后耐弱光指数较大、光合速率降低幅度较小的品系耐弱光性强, 应结合耐弱光指数与光合、生长等因子综合进行黄瓜耐弱光性鉴定。     

干旱胁迫下外源山梨醇对平邑甜茶耐旱性影响

测定了干旱胁迫下外源喷施50 mg/L和100 mg/L山梨醇后平邑甜茶叶片光合特性、叶片水势和新梢生长速率.结果表明:叶面喷施山梨醇可以改善受胁迫植株的光合状况,减缓叶片水势下降,减轻新梢生长受抑,提高植株耐旱性.     

行星齿轮架孔系加工的车床夹具设计

以一典型零件为例,介绍一种使用专用工艺装备加工孔系的加工方法及工艺装备设计.同时分析了加工过程中误差产生的原因及解决措施.对于中小企业和非专业厂家来说.能利用现有设备资源进行挖潜改造不失为一种投资省、见效快而且切实可行的有效途径.     

Mechanisms of oral tolerance and the treatment of autoimmune diseases

Oral tolerance describes the phenomenon that orally administered proteins induce sys-temic hyporesponsiveness to the protein fed. The primary mechanisms which oral tolerance is mediated include clonal deletion, clonal anergy and active Sue CALT, Low doses favor active suppression cellular suppression through gut associated lymphoid tis-mediated Th2 and Th3 cells, whereas high doses favor deletion and anergy mediated Thl and Th2 cells. Oral tolerance is an effective and specific approach without toxicity. In recent years, it has been used successfully to treat autoimmune diseases in model ani-mals and patients. The article discussed the mechanisms and advances of oral tolerance for the purpose of provid new ways of treat autoimmune diseases.     

野生大豆芽期耐盐性状的关联分析

盐渍化是危害大豆生产的主要非生物胁迫因素之一。目前大豆耐盐性研究主要集中在栽培大豆的苗期耐盐性,而芽期耐盐性状的研究相对较少。野生大豆蕴含丰富的耐逆基因,是栽培大豆遗传改良的重要资源。为了研究野生大豆芽期耐盐性状的遗传机制,以113份野生大豆为试验材料,进行芽期耐盐性状的鉴定,结合群体的分子标记对包括2年平均值在内的3个环境下的3个耐盐指数进行全基因组关联分析,共检测到与野生大豆芽期耐盐相关的位点26个,6个SSR标记Satt521、Satt022、Satt239、Satt516、Satt251和Satt285在2个或3个环境下均被检测到,4个SSR标记Satt516、Satt251、Satt285和GMES4990与2个或3个耐盐指数显著相关。对这些SSR标记进行分析,挖掘了最优的等位基因及其载体材料。以上这些结果对于阐明野生大豆芽期耐盐性状的遗传机制,进一步发掘新的耐盐基因具有重要意义。同时也为栽培大豆遗传基础的拓宽、大豆耐盐分子标记辅助选择和分子设计育种等后续研究提供重要依据。