酸性电解水与溶菌酶对冷藏带鱼品质变化的影响

以感官评定、菌落总数、pH值、挥发性盐基氮与2-硫代巴比妥酸作为评价指标,测定不同组带鱼样品冷藏期间的品质变化.结果表明,酸性电解水瞬时杀菌力强,能在短时间内抑制微生物的生长繁殖,明显减缓挥发性盐基氮的升高,使带鱼的冷藏货架期延长2-3 d;溶菌酶保鲜液则能延缓带鱼感官品质的下降,抑制鱼体内脂肪的氧化酸败,使冷藏带鱼的保鲜期延长3-4 d.     

化学药物GSC不同浓度对白菜型冬油菜主要性状的影响

以白菜型冬油菜品种鉴94为材料,研究化学药物GSC的不同浓度对白菜型冬油菜主要性状的影响。结果表明,GSC处理两次后,导致植株生长势变弱,而对结实力无显著影响;对油菜花冠和花瓣的生长有一定抑制作用,随着化学药物浓度的增加,花冠直径和花瓣面积呈减小趋势,雄蕊长度逐渐缩短,雌蕊无显著变化,T7浓度处理(第一次0.5 mg·L^-1和第二次0.6 mg·L^-1浓度处理)后,花丝萎缩,花药干瘪,出现大量不育花粉。GSC可以诱导白菜型油菜产生雄性不育,随着GSC浓度的增加,不育株数和失活花粉数也逐渐增加,在T7浓度,植株不育株率达86.49%,失活花粉率达89.30%;同时用此浓度处理后花粉囊发育不良,绒毡层细胞提前解体或随花粉粒退化一同消失,小孢子团紧贴内壁,数量变少。试验说明化学药物GSC对白菜型冬油菜具有一定的杀雄效果,同时杀雄效果与药物浓度有一定关系。     

接种外源生物菌剂后牛粪堆肥腐植酸变化规律

添加3种不同的外源生物菌剂对牛粪进行堆肥试验,通过测定堆肥过程中的温度、腐植酸的变化,研究了添加外源微生物对堆肥腐熟进程的影响,以及筛选出适合当地堆肥条件的生物菌剂。结果表明,添加3种外源微生物均对堆体快速升温及延长高温期有显著作用;菌剂2、菌剂3有效地加速了总腐植酸、水溶性腐植酸的转化与合成,但对游离腐植酸的作用并不显著;添加菌剂3处理的胡敏酸与腐殖化指数高于其他两个处理,且与对照差异显著。各处理的富里酸含量在堆肥结束时基本相同,外源菌剂对其并无影响。     

Induction of host defence enzymes by the endophytic bacterium Serratia marcescens,in banana plantlets

Pre-inoculation with the endobacterium Serratia marcescens (strain UPM39B3) induced the production of host defence enzymes such as peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, total soluble phenols and lignothioglycolic acid in banana plantlets. The levels of these enzymes were evidently higher in plantlets pre-treated with the endobacterium compared to the control. The production of host-induced enzymes benefitted the crop plants as they may have a role in suppressing Fusarium wilt incidence in the plantlets. This was evident when plantlets pre-treated with the endobacterium showed a lower disease severity (50%) compared to diseased plantlets lacking the endobacterium (74%). The results of this study thus highlight the potential of the isolate Serratia marcescens (strain UPM 39B3) as a biological control agent for Fusarium wilt management in bananas, reducing disease severity via stimulation of host defences.     

保水剂在不同铵盐溶液体系中的吸水和吸附铵离子特征

为探明保水剂与NH4+的相互作用,选用聚丙烯酸盐型保水剂(PAA)和聚丙烯酰胺型保水剂(P(AA-AM)),研究了保水剂在系列NH4Cl、NH4Cl-KCl、NH4Cl-CaCl2溶液体系中的吸水行为和对铵离子的吸附特征。结果表明:铵离子能显著降低保水剂的吸水倍率,并随铵离子浓度的增加,吸水倍率显著降低,相对吸水倍率与NH4+浓度之间具有显著的幂函数的减函数关系;NH4+、K+、Ca2+单一体系,NH4+-K+、NH4+-Ca2+共存体系对保水剂吸水倍率的影响按NH4+-K+相似文献   

保鲜运输用液氮充注气调的温度调节性能优化

为解决保鲜运输用液氮充注气调产生的果蔬低温伤害问题,建立了液氮充注气调试验装置,通过改变液氮罐出液阀孔径、汽化盘管长度、横管开孔方向、开孔隔板开孔率、通风风速、回风道长度等因素,研究各因素对液氮充注温度调节性能的影响,优化液氮充注气调的温度调节性能。结果表明:当液氮罐出液阀孔径为1.5mm,汽化盘管长度为4m,横管开孔吹向风机,开孔隔板开孔率为4.03%,通风风速为8m/s,回风道长度为1.5m,厢体内氧气体积分数自20.95%降至5%时,液氮气调的温度调节性能较优,开孔隔板出气口最大温差仅为1.3℃,开孔隔板出口处与回风道内的最大温差仅为2.72℃。液氮充注气调在43min内可快速将厢体内氧气体积分数由20.95%降至5%,还可利用液氮的冷量为保鲜环境降温。研究结果对果蔬液氮气调保鲜运输车的设计具有一定的参考价值。     

不同浓度细胞分裂素对甜菜种子引发的影响

为了测定不同浓度细胞分裂素6-BA的引发剂对甜菜种子引发的效果,为甜菜种子包衣剂物料筛选提供依据,本研究以TD802甜菜种子为试验材料,设置3种浓度和3个时间梯度的9个处理,通过对甜菜种子浸泡回干发芽培养,测定它们的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数以及活力指数。结果显示,0.1%6-BA处理甜菜种子在8、12、24 h时的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数均较高于对照种子;0.5%6-BA不同时间处理甜菜种子,处理时间8 h和12 h的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数都高于对照;1%6-BA只有处理甜菜种子12 h时的发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数高于对照。不同浓度细胞分裂素6-BA对甜菜种子的萌发随着时间不同,效果也各有不同。处理时间过长或过短都会影响引发效果。     

不同清洗剂对鲜切生菜品质及贮藏期间微生物的影响

以鲜切散叶生菜为研究对象,分别研究在4℃贮藏条件下,自来水、次氯酸钠和氧泡泡颗粒3种清洗剂对其生理指标、感官品质和微生物生长情况的影响。结果表明,氧泡泡颗粒处理的鲜切生菜感官评分最高,在贮藏至第8天时,仍可以维持较好的品质,可溶性固形物含量比鲜样降低0.8%,维C含量降低1.09 mg/100 g,还原糖含量降低0.11%,叶绿素含量降低1.443 mg/100 g,在一定程度上延缓了生菜的萎蔫,从而延长其货架期,并且菌落总数小于6 lg(CFU/g),具有食用价值。氧泡泡鲜氧颗粒可用于鲜切散叶生菜的清洗,在抑制微生物生长繁殖的同时可以维持较好的感官品质。     

Molecular Mechanisms of Astaxanthin as a Potential Neurotherapeutic Agent

Neurological disorders are diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system that affect millions of people, and the numbers are rising gradually. In the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, the roles of many signaling pathways were elucidated; however, the exact pathophysiology of neurological disorders and possible effective therapeutics have not yet been precisely identified. This necessitates developing multi-target treatments, which would simultaneously modulate neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. The present review aims to explore the potential therapeutic use of astaxanthin (ASX) in neurological and neuroinflammatory diseases. ASX, a member of the xanthophyll group, was found to be a promising therapeutic anti-inflammatory agent for many neurological disorders, including cerebral ischemia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, autism, and neuropathic pain. An effective drug delivery system of ASX should be developed and further tested by appropriate clinical trials.     

Cellular Signal Transductions and Their Inhibitors Derived from Deep-Sea Organisms

Not only physiological phenomena but also pathological phenomena can now be explained by the change of signal transduction in the cells of specific tissues. Commonly used cellular signal transductions are limited. They consist of the protein–tyrosine kinase dependent or independent Ras-ERK pathway, and the PI3K-Akt, JAK-STAT, SMAD, and NF-κB-activation pathways. In addition, biodegradation systems, such as the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway and autophagy, are also important for physiological and pathological conditions. If we can control signaling for each by a low-molecular-weight agent, it would be possible to treat diseases in new ways. At present, such cell signaling inhibitors are mainly looked for in plants, soil microorganisms, and the chemical library. The screening of bioactive metabolites from deep-sea organisms should be valuable because of the high incidence of finding novel compounds. Although it is still an emerging field, there are many successful examples, with new cell signaling inhibitors. In this review, we would like to explain the current view of the cell signaling systems important in diseases, and show the inhibitors found from deep-sea organisms, with their structures and biological activities. These inhibitors are possible candidates for anti-inflammatory agents, modulators of metabolic syndromes, antimicrobial agents, and anticancer agents.