中国大宗农产品国际竞争力的出口效应分析

【目的】大宗农产品是中国国际贸易中的基础性商品,研究其国际竞争力对出口的影响,为改善中国大宗农产品贸易条件提供理论依据。【方法】基于联合国贸易数据库2001~2018年相关贸易数据,综合运用国际市场占有率指数和恒定市场份额模型分析中国大宗农产品国际竞争力对出口的影响效应。【结果】2001~2018年中国大宗农产品国际竞争力MS指数由5.63%上升至6.93%,对出口增长的贡献率为33.05%,其中,糖及糖食、棉花及制品的MS指数分别由0.96%、11.22%上升至4.62%、28.12%,出口贡献率分别为33.77%和47.94%,谷物和油料产品的MS指数分别由3.10%、4.94%下降至0.94%、2.69%,出口贡献率分别为-859.52%、-14.81%。【结论】中国大宗农产品国际竞争力提升是出口增长的重要驱动因素,具体竞争力的出口效应高于整体竞争力;糖及糖食、棉花及制品国际竞争力提升的出口增长贡献率较大,而谷物和油料国际竞争力下降对其出口有显著阻碍作用。     

不同变黄时间对烟叶叶绿素及其主要化学成分含量的影响

以云烟87为试材,探讨了在烘烤过程中,不同变黄时间对烟叶叶绿素及其主要化学成分含量的影响。结果表明,延长变黄时间12 h 后,烟叶的总糖、还原糖、总氮、烟碱含量适宜,钾氯比值最高,化学成分最协调,工业可用性较好,综合经济效益最优。     

寒冷地区温室型犊牛舍温热环境研究

为研究低温条件下温室型犊牛舍内的环境状况,研究分析了舍外平均气温为（-10±1）℃、（-15±1）和（-20±1）℃条件下,温室型犊牛舍的空气温度、相对湿度、气流速度和有害气体等指标。结果表明,当外界平均气温为（-10±1）、（-15±1）和（-20±1）℃时,犊牛舍内平均气温分别为6.7℃、2.1℃和-0.6℃,平均相对湿度分别为64.1%、59.5%和75.2%,气流速度分别为0.05m/s、0.04m/s和0.04m/s,CO2浓度分别为2434mg/m3、2512mg/m3和2528mg/m3,而犊牛舍空气中未检测出H2S和NH3。结果说明,在外界平均气温-20℃以上的天气条件下,保温良好、换气充分的温室型犊牛舍,其舍内的温热环境和空气质量环境完全可以满足哺乳犊牛需要。     

Comparation on UV curing reactivity of Allyl abietate and allyl isopimarate北大核心CSCD

The UV curing reaction of the difference between allyl abietate(AA) and allyl isopimarate(AI) was studied. The conversion rate of the vinyl double bond was characterized and detected by FT-IR analysis. Results showed that conversion of double bonds are firstly increased then decreased with the increases of the dosage of initiators. Conversion of double bonds firstly increased and then leveling off with the increases of the illumination time, and AA is higher before the 200 s. AA is higher then AI under the same illumination intensity. Surface drying time of AA is shorter than AI, and relative curing speed become faster at the same conditions. Under the conditions of 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone(Darocure-1173)as photo initiator and dosage 6%, illumination time 200 s, illumination distance 4.5 cm and illumination intensity 100%, number average molecular weight of cure products of AA and AI are 4 176 and 9 407 with polymerisation degrees of 12 and 28, respectively. The obtained UV cured coating all have smooth and transparent appearance. It represented some superior properties in flexibility, mechanical impact strength, adhesive power, hardness, acid resistance, alkali resistance, salt resistance, water resistance, etc.. The hardness of AA and AI cured products are H and HB, respectively.     

基于四大家鱼产卵需求的汉江中下游生态流量研究

针对汉江中下游梯级电站开发后水文节律变化造成四大家鱼栖息地生境质量降低的问题,分别通过几种常用水文学法和栖息地模型计算了汉江中下游河道最小生态流量和四大家鱼产卵适宜生态流量,并在最小生态流量的基础上,结合四大家鱼产卵适宜生态流量以及生态水文特征在5-8月进行了脉冲设计,综合确定出了满足四大家鱼产卵需求的生态流量过程。结果表明,Lyon法和7Q10法最适宜汉江中下游最小生态流量的计算,流量为294~863 m3/s;通过栖息地模型计算,彭市和仙桃江段四大家鱼产卵适宜生态流量为1233~3950 m3/s;流量日涨幅在139.1~534.8 m3/s,持续5 d的涨水过程可为四大家鱼产卵提供良好的条件。该研究从考虑四大家鱼产卵需求的角度,为汉江中下游梯级电站的生态调度提供科学参考。     

云烟-12型四层密集烤房的烘烤性能及其烘烤效果

为确定切合云南实际的密集烤房建设形式,实现烤烟烘烤“减工降本、节能增效”,以 K326中部叶为试验材料,对5种建设规格的云烟-12型四层密集烤房以及常规三层密集烤房烘烤性能及其烤后烟叶质量进行了对比研究。结果表明,云烟-12型四层密集烤房较常规三层密集烤房平均烘烤能力增加22.45％,关键温度点干球和湿球温度控制精准度、烤后烟叶上中等烟比例、均价以及烟叶质量无明显差异,烘烤时间略有延长,但烘烤能耗成本降低14.14％。5种建设规格的云烟-12型四层密集烤房,烤房烤能随着建设高度增加呈先增加后略有减少趋势,相同烘烤能力烤房建设成本呈先略有下降后上升然后再下降的趋势,烤后烟叶质量无明显差异。云烟-12型四层密集烤房能充分发挥密集烤房优势,降低烘烤能耗成本,提高经济效益,烟叶质量较好。     

Effects of Phosphorus Application in Different Soil Layers on Root Growth,Yield, and Water-Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat Grown Under Semi-Arid Conditions

Deep phosphorus application can be a usefull measure to improve crops＇ performance in semi-arid regions, but more knowledge of both its general effects and effects on specific crops is required to optimize treatments. Thus, the aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of phosphorus（P） application at different soil layers on root growth, grain yield, and water-use efficiency（WUE） of winter wheat grown on the semi-arid Loess Plateau of China and to explore the relationship between root distribution and grain yield. The experiment consisted of four P treatments in a randomized complete block design with three replicates and two cultivars： one drought-sensitive（Xiaoyan 22, XY22） and one drought-tolerant（Changhan 58, CH58）. The four P treatments were no P（control, CK）, surface P（SP）, deep P（DP）, and deep-band P application（DBP）. CH58 produced larger and deeper root systems, and had higher grain yields and WUE, under the deep P treatments（DP and DBP） than under SP, clearly showing that deep P placement had beneficial effects on the drought-tolerant cultivar. In contrast, the grain yield and root growth of XY22 did not differ between DP or DBP and SP treatments. Further, root dry weight（RW） and root length（RL） in deep soil layer（30-100 cm） were closely positively correlated with grain yield and WUE of CH58（but not XY22）, highlighting the connections between a well-developed subsoil root system and both high grain yield and WUE for the drought-tolerant cultivar. WUE correlated strongly with grain yield for both cultivars（r=0.94, P〈0.001）. In conclusion, deep application of P fertilizer is a practical and feasible means of increasing grain yield and WUE of rainfed winter wheat in semi-arid regions, by promoting deep root development of drought-tolerant cultivars.     

枞酸烯丙酯与异海松酸烯丙酯光固化反应的比较研究

研究了枞酸烯丙酯(AA)和异海松酸烯丙酯(AI)发生UV光固化反应的区别。采用红外光谱法表征双键转化率,两者均随引发剂用量的增加先变大后减小;均随光照时间的增加呈先增大后趋于平缓的趋势,但200 s前,AA的UV固化产物双键转化率高;同等光照强度条件下AA的双键转化率高于AI。在同等固化条件下AA的表干时间比AI短,对应的相对固化速率快。以2-羟基-2-甲基苯丙酮(Darocure-1173)为光引发剂,用量为原料质量的6%,光照时间200 s,光照距离4.5 cm,光照强度100%,在此条件下,AA和AI固化产物的数均相对分子质量分别为4 176和9 407,数均聚合度分别为12和28,两者的UV固化产物均有光滑透明的外观,均具有较好的附着力、耐冲击强度及柔韧性,均通过了耐酸、耐碱、耐盐及耐水性测定,AA和AI的硬度分别为H和HB。     

白桦次生林4个林龄0～30cm土层水源涵养功能比较

以小兴安岭地区白桦次生林4个林龄为研究对象,对其凋落物持水量、土壤贮水性能、土壤特性等进行研究.试验表明：4个林龄凋落物的蓄积量和最大持水量是70 a为最低,40 a为最大;土壤非毛管孔隙度在各林龄间变化呈波动性,30 a白桦次生林0～30 cm土层非毛管孔隙最小,不利于水分下渗,40 a白桦次生林0～ 30 cm土层非毛管孔隙最大,有利于降水的下渗,土壤水源涵养功能大小排序为40 a（3 276.820 t·hm-2）＜30 a（3 434.626 t·hm-2）＜50 a（3 525.015 t·hm-2）＜70 a（3 629.445 t·hm-2）.     

采运烤一体化烤房挂筐式烘烤烟叶的效应

为简化烟叶烘烤工作环节和降低烟叶烘烤成本,利用目前烟叶烘烤普遍使用的密集烤房进行改造,研究了烟叶采运烤一体化烤房的挂筐式烘烤效应。结果表明：采运烤一体化烤房挂筐式烘烤能够促进烟叶内含物和香气前体物质的转化,促进化学成分的协调性及中性香气物质的含量,提高上等烟叶比例。采烤4000 kg 鲜烟可节约用工数量8．45个,烟叶采烤成本降低659．01元;烤后干烟叶（600 kg）纯收入增加939．01元。