不同氮水平下功能叶片数量和位置对水稻产量性状的影响

【目的】功能叶片对水稻拔节期后的养分运转和积累起着举足轻重的作用。本文探讨了不同氮水平下,不同数量和位置的功能叶片对水稻产量构成的影响,为水稻生产提供更加科学、合理的指导。【方法】以在江苏省沿江及苏南地区适宜种植的早熟晚粳稻‘镇稻11号’为供试材料。田间试验主处理设置N0、90、180、270、360kg/hm^2 5个水平(即N0、N90、N180、N270、N360处理),副处理设置高栽培密度(32.5×10^4hill/hm^2,HD)和低密度(25.5×10^4hill/hm^2,LD)两个水平。于水稻开花齐穗期,每小区选择大小基本一致的单茎穗,挂上标签,分别修剪倒1叶(.T1)、倒2叶(.T2)、倒3叶(.T3)、倒1+2叶(.T1+2)、倒1+3叶(.T1+3)、倒2+3叶(.T2+3)、倒1+2+3叶(.T1+2+3)和不剪除(.T0,对照),组成8个叶位修剪处理。水稻成熟期选取具代表性的植株用于测定产量组成;同时记录各叶位修剪处理穗子的结实率及其强、弱势粒的千粒重。【结果】与N0相比,施氮能显著增加稻穗长度和穗梗数,各氮水平处理间穗长、穗梗数及单个稻穗重量无显著差异。低(N90)、中(N180)、高(N270)三个氮水平下从穗顶端至穗基部随梗位的增加,每梗粒数均呈先增加后下降的趋势,而氮水平对梗粒数没有显著影响。氮水平相同时,两栽培密度下叶片修剪的试验结果一致,均表现为:单独减去倒1、倒2、倒3叶时对单穗重无显著影响;同时减去上3叶中任意2片叶时,单穗重下降5.5%~10.3%;将上3片叶同时减去时单穗重下降24.6%;相同修剪处理下,单穗重的下降比例随氮水平的增加而增加,这表明了氮水平对穗部性状影响的稳定性。通过广义线性模型的分析表明,不同位叶剪处理下,解释单穗重下降比例的模型性能依次为结实率(SP)>SP和强势粒千粒重(S)组合模型>SP和弱势粒千粒重(I)组合模型>SP、S、I三者组合模型>I、S组合模型。【结论】氮水平通过影响稻穗长度、穗梗数、穗梗粒数、结实率和千粒重,进而影响单个穗重。花后稻穗功能叶片越少,单穗重下降越大;施氮水平越高,下降越严重。当功能叶片数量一定时,叶片位置不影响单穗重。花后功能叶依次通过影响结实率、结实率和强势粒千粒重、结实率和弱势粒千粒重、强势粒千粒重和弱势粒千粒重来影响稻穗的重量。     

Landscape setting and risk of Ranavirus mortality events

Amphibian mortality events in relatively pristine and protected settings cause particular concern because they may be linked to larger scale, off-site factors that interact with local landscape features. We used logistic regression and model selection criterion (QAIC_c) to identify landscape features key to predicting disease incidence in Acadia National Park (ANP), Maine, USA. High catchment position was the most important landscape feature associated with larval mortality events in ANP wetlands, and was present in all competing models. No spatial autocorrelation of disease events was observed, suggesting that within our study area, epizootics are not clustered and landscape and within-pond stressors may be more influential in mortality occurrence than vector movement. However, our model may be a considerable underestimate of in-field infection rates because it was based on die-off event incidences and did not include infected reservoirs or vectors. This study provides the first clear connection between landscape position and Ranavirus mortality events. Conservation and disease containment efforts in ANP should be directed toward higher catchment position and headwater wetlands such as vernal pools.     

浅议浙江农药检定管理机构的定位与发展

本文以浙江省农药检定管理所机构沿革和职能拓展为例,探讨农药检定管理机构的定位发展,以期为新形势下农药管理体系建设提供思路。     

甜瓜种质叶部SPAD值的变异分析

为了探讨不同甜瓜种质资源叶部SPAD值分布,以210份甜瓜种质为试材,分析了甜瓜开花期和坐果期叶部SPAD值的变异。结果表明,开花期叶部SPAD值野生甜瓜最大,其次为厚皮甜瓜、薄皮甜瓜;坐果期厚皮甜瓜叶部SPAD值最大,叶部SPAD值基本符合正态分布,属于数量性状。开花期与坐果期叶部SPAD值之间均呈极显著相关,叶部SPAD值随着叶位升高而增加,中部叶位L14的叶部SPAD值最大,且变异系数最小,可作为甜瓜叶部SPAD值的测定叶位。基于种质的SPAD值、种质类型及来源,210份甜瓜种质可聚为4类,各类SPAD值分布范围出现一定差异。研究结果可为甜瓜种质资源的评价利用提供参考依据。     

Thoracic high resolution CT using the modified VetMousetrap™ device is a feasible method for diagnosing canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in awake West Highland White Terriers

Canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease particularly prevalent in West Highland White Terriers. In the present prospective pilot study, we evaluated the feasibility of modified VetMousetrap? device in high resolution CT to detect idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in West Highland White Terriers. Twelve awake West Highland White Terriers with canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and 24 clinically healthy West Highland White Terriers were scanned using a helical dual slice scanner utilizing VetMousetrap? device without or with minimal chemical restraint with butorphanol. Three evaluators blindly assessed the images for image quality and the presence of canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis related imaging findings such as ground glass opacity and reticular opacities. Additionally, the attenuation of the lung was quantified with ImageJ software using histogram analysis of density over the lung fields. Computed tomography was successfully completed and motion artifact ranked in statistical analysis barely noticeable to mild in all dogs. The agreement between imaging findings and clinical status was very good with overall κ value 0.91 and percentage of agreement of 94%. There was also very good intraobserver (κ_range = 0.79‐0.91) and interobserver agreement (κ = 0.94). Moderate to severe ground glass opacity was present in all affected dogs. In the ImageJ analysis, a significant difference in lung attenuation between the study groups was observed. We conclude that modified VetMousetrap? device is applicable in diagnosing canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in awake West Highland White Terriers avoiding anesthetic risk in these often severely hypoxic patients.     

Case series: Persistent dorsal displacement of the soft palate in eight horses

Persistent dorsal displacement of the soft palate (pDDSP) is a relatively rare equine disorder. This case series reports histories and clinical findings in 8 cases of pDDSP, and outcome after treatment of concurrent epiglottic entrapment (n = 3), laryngeal tie‐forward (n = 6) ± laser staphylectomy (n = 2), and/or sectioning of mucosa ventral to the epiglottis and the hyoepiglotticus muscles (n = 2). Four of 6 horses that underwent tie‐forward ± laser staphylectomy had complete resolution of pDDSP and returned to their previous level of work, as did one horse that had a subepiglottic releasing incision. Correction of concurrent epiglottic entrapment in 3 horses with pDDSP did not result in resolution of pDDSP in any case. Previous laryngeal surgery including laryngoplasty and ventriculocordectomy appear to be risk factors for the development of pDDSP.     

Rooting ability of Leucaena leucocephala stem cuttings

Single-node leafy and leafless cuttings harvested from one-year-old, 1.3 to 1.5 m tall Leucaena leucocephala seedlings were successfully rooted in a non-mist propagator which is suitable for use in the rural tropics. Cuttings with a leaf attached rooted more successfully than those without a leaf (71% and 39% respectively) and clones differed significantly (43% to 71%). There was also a clear pattern in rooting ability of cuttings collected sequentially down the main stem. Cuttings rooted most successfully when taken from node five to 13, counting from the apex; this was the region where internodes were longest (64 to 109 mm) of moderate diameter (2.9 to 5.5 mm) and all cuttings had a leaf attached. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Influence of bud position on the formation of tubers on multiple node cuttings of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Summary Stem cuttings with variable number and position of leaves and variable number and age of buds were used to study the preference of tuberization at certain buds when several potential tuber sites were present. These cuttings were exposed to different orientations of the cuttings themselves and/or their light source. Inverting the cuttings did not affect overall tuberization, but had significant effects on individual buds, probably by the interaction between the original basipetal patterns in the cuttings and gravity effects. A smaller angle to the horizontal and lighting from below increased the overall expression of the tuberization stimulus. Leaf and bud position or age affected expression in a complicated manner, but the distance between screened bud and light-exposed leaf was crucial; buds most distant from illuminated leaves showed the strongest induction. The basic pattern of tuberization was basipetal.     

不同类型水稻品种叶源量及有关光合生理指标的研究

 就不同类型水稻品种的叶源量及有关光合生理指标进行了研究。超高产育种重穗型品种叶源量高于高产育种穗粒兼顾型品种和矮化育种多穗型品种,主茎剑叶的叶源量与单株产量呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.8729**（P < 0.01）;光合速率叶位差、叶龄差和时间差以超高产育种重穗型品种最小,矮化育种多穗型品种最大。叶位差和叶龄差分别与成熟期单株干重及千粒重呈极显著负相关,相关系数分别为－0.9810**和－0.9341**（P<0.01）,时间差和光抑制有关。水稻品种抽穗期光合速率及其叶龄差、叶位差和时间差可作为高光效育种的生理指标