云南黄牛腌腊制品及加工配方筛选

黄牛腌腊制品的特点是易于加工、风味独特、耐贮藏，但传统加工存在的缺陷是色泽差、味咸。本文在继承传统工艺的基础上，通过正交试验，探讨了食盐、发色剂、异维Ｃ和甜味剂的用量对成品质量的影响，结果表明：用４．５％ＮａＣｌ、０．１ｇ／ｋｇＮａＮＯ３、０．０３ｇ／ｋｇ异维Ｃ、０．５％甜味剂作为腌制配方，产品质量最佳。     

Assessment and simulation of water and nitrogen transfer under furrow irrigation

The objective of this study is to simulate water and nitrogen transfers under two furrow irrigation technologies (every furrow irrigation (EFI) and alternative furrow irrigation (AFI)) on Chromic Luvisol in Sofia region, Bulgaria. A bi-dimensional water and solutes transport modeling approach, HYDRUS-2D model [Simunek, J., Sejna, M., Van Genuchten, M.T., 1999. The HYDRUS-1D and HYDRUS-2D codes for estimating unsaturated soil hydraulic and solutes transport parameters. Agron Abstr. 357] is adopted in order to consider the technology of irrigation and fertilization. The model is calibrated in six steps using detailed data observed in two cropped lysimeters. The data consist of water and nitrogen (N) profiles below ridge and furrow bed, precipitation, drainage and water/N uptake by plant. Hydrological components of the soil are derived from laboratory: water retention data (step (i)) and adjusted to field conditions when EFI is approximated by one-dimensional (step (ii)). Then a two-dimensional water flow is adopted in model simulations for parameter calibration and verification, under EFI (step (iii)) and under AFI technology (step (iv)). This model calibration and validation is then used to calibrate the solute transport parameters, that is the aim of step (v) and step (vi). EFI and particularly AFI technologies points out the necessary 2D model using for the N transfer simulation under specific fertilizer applications. Thus, this calibrated model allows predicting the impact of furrow irrigation practices and distribution uniformity on drainage and nitrogen leaching under the studied conditions.     

Hargraeves公式计算参考作物腾发量在新疆地区的适用性研究

新疆维吾尔族自治区地域辽阔,气候特征空间差异性显著。准确估算各地区的参考作物腾发量(ET0)是新疆节水灌溉设计的基础。以阿克苏地区30年的气象资料为基础计算了ET0,并以Penman-Monteith公式和修正Penman公式为参考标准,进行对比分析评价Hargraeves公式的精度和地区适应性。结果显示Hargraeves公式计算的参考作物蒸发蒸腾量,精度较Penman公式高,较Penman-Monteith公式低,但满足实际生产精度要求,特别适用与阿克苏地区气候类似的西部地区,基础气象资料不全的地区的参考作物蒸发蒸腾量的计算。     

广西甘蔗专用肥研制及肥效验证研究

为了研制适合广西不同蔗区使用的甘蔗专用肥,在采样检测分析南宁市部分蔗区土壤养分状况的基础上,进行N、P、K缺素试验,测算出三要素土壤原料蔗生产能力分别为64.275、71.445和64.800t/hm2,根据广西旱地甘蔗模式施肥公式,计算出甘蔗产量达到90.000t/hm2时,对N、P2O5、K2O的需要量分别为225.07、179.95和225.06kg/hm2,参考GB15063-2001复混肥料技术标准,初步设计甘蔗专用肥配方养分总量为28%,N∶P2O5∶K2O=10∶8∶10。依此配方生产样肥在蔗区进行肥效验证,比对照增产、增糖分别为21.47%、0.65%(绝对值),增产极显著。由此确定南宁市部分蔗区的甘蔗专用肥配方,可提供给生产企业进行产业化生产与推广应用。     

赤霉素和戴挫霉与嘧菌酯混配对甜瓜采后病害控制的增效作用

采用体外抑菌试验和果实损伤接种试验,分别测定了赤霉素和戴挫霉与嘧菌酯混配对甜瓜采后粉霉病和白霉病控制的增效作用。结果表明,在体外抑菌试验中,赤霉素对2种病原菌没有抑制作用,对嘧菌酯的防效也没有增效作用;戴挫霉对2种病原菌具有很好的抑制效果,对嘧菌酯的防效也有增效作用。在甜瓜果实损伤接种试验中,赤霉素能有效控制病害的发生,并且与嘧菌酯配合后,对其具有一定的增效作用;戴挫霉与嘧菌酯配合应用,对甜瓜病害的防效明显高于二者单独使用。     

Formula for Determining Number of Basic Seedlings at Scattered-Planting with Seedling Dry-Raised on Plastic Trays in Double-Season Rice

Effects of the population structure on the development and growth of rice were achieved via influence of the growth and development of individual rice. The dynamics of tillers, leaves, and dry matter accumulation per plant resulted in different yield form…     

Wind tunnel experiment of drag of isolated tree models in surface boundary layer

I "trod u ctionResearch on the interaction between vegetativesurface and atmosphere is one of the aims of atmospheric boundary layer meteorology. Momentumtransfer betWeen the atmosphere and vegetativestructure is a function of the physical attributes of thestructure and the wind field (Grant 1985) drag ofvegetation is an important index of the function.There are various vegetative structures in surfsce,natural or planted or mix of them. Homogeneouslydense vegetation may be the simplest surfac…     

保健芦笋挂面的研制

利用芦笋似叶制成的芦笋粉,添加于挂面中,筛选出保健芦笋挂面的最佳配方及工艺。最佳配方是芦笋挂面中芦笋粉的添加量为２．０％－２．５％。     

覆膜滴灌棉田不同耕作措施对棉花黄萎病的影响

棉花膜下滴灌技术是先进的栽培技术与灌水技术的集成,该文研究了膜下滴灌条件下不同耕作措施（棉花连作、稻棉轮作、深翻）对棉花黄萎病的影响。结果表明,在膜下滴灌条件下,随着连作年限的延长,棉花黄萎病病情加重,连作10 a时达最大值,随后呈下降趋势;连作棉田土壤中黄萎病微菌核与黄萎病病情指数的数量变化基本一致,细菌数量随着连作年限的延长而呈现减小趋势,放线菌和真菌数量则呈增加的趋势。重病田进行稻棉轮作对棉花黄萎病菌的抑制作用是一个逐步衰减的过程,稻改棉第5年黄萎病病情指数恢复到轮作前的水平;深翻的防病作用在于有效地减少了耕作层0～30 cm土层中黄萎病微菌核的数量。在膜下滴灌条件下,棉花整个生育期均存在黄萎病菌的拮抗微生物,但不同生育期土壤拮抗微生物种类和数量不断变化,应用对峙培养获得了15株对棉花黄萎病菌有较好拮抗作用的生防菌株,为以后棉花枯黄萎病生防制剂的开发和应用奠定基础。     

卧辊式摘穗机构摘穗辊高度差对玉米籽粒损失的影响

针对卧辊式摘穗装置存在的玉米籽粒损失严重、含杂率高等问题,该文通过理论分析和台架试验相结合的方法对摘穗过程中两辊高度差对玉米损伤的影响及趋势进行了分析。单因素试验和方差分析表明,θ(两辊轴线垂直的平面内,两辊中心连线与水平面的夹角用θ表示)对玉米籽粒损失率有显著的影响(P0.05)。θ在24°~30°范围内,玉米平均籽粒损失率呈现明显的下降趋势,θ在30°时玉米平均籽粒损失率最小,3次试验的平均籽粒损失为0.242%~0.483%;θ在33°、36°时,籽粒损失率较小,且相差不大。利用高速摄像技术对摘穗过程分析发现,θ较小时,果穗滞留摘穗辊和"弹跳"现象是造成果穗二次损伤的主要原因;θ较大时,玉米植株喂入困难,玉米秸秆弯曲严重甚至折断。为此,提出了在低位辊上安装弧形隔板的优化方案,试验验证表明,果穗通过弧形隔板滚动出摘穗区域,避免了低位辊对果穗的损伤,有效降低了玉米果穗的啃伤和籽粒损失率。该研究为卧辊式玉米摘穗装置的优化改进提供了参考。