双凸轮连杆型排种施肥无级变速器设计与试验

针对目前国产机械式施肥播种机中种肥排量无级调节装置种类较少、电液式种肥排量无级调节装置成本较高,变量播种施肥作业调节范围有限、准确性与均匀性较差等问题,该文提出了一种基于连杆机构与凸轮机构实现无级变速的方法,并设计了相应的双凸轮连杆型无级变速器,它由输出机构、传动机构及调节机构共同实现对输出轴转速的无级调节.运动学仿真分析表明:无级变速器的机构设计合理,凸轮的轮廓曲面质量较高,设计方案可行;性能校验试验表明:随着传动比的变化,输出转速的相对误差值基本在0~10%的范围内波动,占空比值在其理论值附近的波动幅度不超过10%,均满足种肥排量调节的传动比精确性与传动平稳性要求.该研究可为变量施肥播种机的设计提供参考.     

代森锰锌35%水悬浮剂制备

对代森锰锌35%水悬浮剂配方进行了研究。通过流点法缩小润湿分散剂的选择范围,对润湿分散剂、增稠剂等助剂的品种及用量进行了研究。通过大量的复配试验确定了最佳配方:原药35%、润湿分散剂8.5%、增稠剂0.25%、防冻剂4%,消泡剂1%、稳定剂1.5%,去离子水补至100%。     

优质双孢蘑菇堆肥的现代堆制模式

本文从现代双孢蘑菇堆肥的配方，一次发酵的堆制程度，二次发酵技术和相关的一些重要理化指标等方面简要地介绍了优质蘑菇堆的现代堆制模式和方法，从而阐明现代堆制模式比传统方式的优越性。     

肉牛冬季舍饲日粮配方优化筛选试验

选择不同日粮类型肉牛养殖户14户,参试生长母牛48头,参照肉牛营养需要和饲养标准,设计不同饲粮组合类型及日粮配方.随机分为5个试验组和1个对照组,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组按规范化全株玉米青贮十氨化麦草等多元化日粮进行科学饲养,Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组和Ⅵ组(对照)按传统的"有啥喂啥"方法饲喂,同期进行饲养试验研究.结果表明,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组平均头日增重效果均比Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组和Ⅵ组(对照)有明显提高(P＜0.05,P≤0.01),显示了肉牛标准化科学饲养的优势效益.试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组饲粮组成类型及日粮配方为较理想的肉牛繁殖母牛日粮优化配方.     

东北典型黑土区土壤侵蚀过程顺坡起垄垄沟水力学特征分析

垄沟是垄作长缓坡耕地土壤侵蚀过程的重要汇流路径。明确垄沟的水力学特征,对于模拟东北典型黑土区垄作坡耕地土壤侵蚀过程至关重要。研究采用室内模拟降雨的方法,系统分析不同垄作方式、坡度、雨强等条件下垄沟的主要水力学参数和变量。结果表明:不同垄作方式下,坡面侵蚀量整体为窄垄宽垄无垄,并与坡度和雨强乘积呈线性正相关。水力半径随雨强和坡度的变化曲线呈对数关系;宽垄水力半径比窄垄高8.4%～11.6%,平均为10.0%。在坡度和雨强相同的情况下,宽垄垄沟糙率整体高于窄垄垄沟糙率;且在坡度递增后,宽垄垄沟糙率相较于窄垄垄沟减小幅度更弱。已有土壤侵蚀模型的坡面糙率建议取值低于本区实际观测值,需结合实际情况对其重新率定,其结果可为研究区土壤侵蚀过程模拟提供依据。     

灌溉小麦优质高产生态栽培优化数学模型研究

运用农业系统工程原理,采用三因子二次饱和D最优设计方案[8],选取对小麦产量影响较大的播期x1、播量x2和施肥量x3为调控因子[5] [7],以每公顷 产量y为目标函数研究灌溉小麦优质高产生态栽培优化数学模型。结果表明,在试验设计条件下,影响灌溉小麦产量的各生态因素权重依次为播期x1＞播量x2＞施肥量x3,依据建立的模型,目标产量在7500～9000kg/hm2时,灌溉小麦优质高产最佳农艺方案为：播期x1 10月2日～5日,播量x2 145.91～211.76万粒/ hm2,施肥量x3纯N、P（N∶P2O5=1∶1）191.83～304.73 kg/hm2。本研究为灌溉小麦优质高产生态栽培提供科学依据。     

海带煮面配方及生产工艺研究

利用海带中富含碘、钙的特点,开发了一种以海带粉、高筋面粉、枧水为原料制作的高碘海带煮面。通过正交试验得出最优配方为:高筋面粉50%,海带粉2%,枧水0.6%,水30%。同时对海带煮面生产工艺中关键步骤糊化处理的水煮时间与热蒸时间进行研究,发现水煮2min、热蒸6min的产品外观及适口性最佳。产品营养分析表明,该海带煮面营养丰富,富含维生素与微量元素,尤其碘的含量高,能满足人们日常饮食中对碘的需求。     

Evaluation of management principles and performance of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in Bangladesh

Experiments were conducted at irrigated and rainfed lowland rice sites in Bangladesh to assess the performance of management practices that have become known as the System of Rice Intensification (SRI). At a research station, SRI management principles such as seedling age, plant spacing, application of organic manure, seedling densities, duration of planting, planting shape and time of planting were evaluated under SRI management as compared to previously established Best Management Practices (BMPs). In on-farm trials, SRI was compared with BMP on 40 farmers’ fields. Nutrient inputs and water management in BMP and SRI treatments were kept at comparable levels. Seedling age, ranging from just sprouted seed to 40-day-old seedlings, had no effect on grain yield in the winter season. In a plant spacing experiment subject to SRI, the highest and lowest grain yields of 7.82 and 5.41 t ha⁻¹ were obtained with spacing of 25 cm × 15 cm (narrow) and 40 cm × 40 cm (wide), respectively. In SRI, seedling density (1–2 seedlings per hill), planting durations (≤15 min to 1–3 h after uprooting) or root placement (L-shape and J-shape) had no effect on grain yield. With regard to time of planting, the highest grain yields were observed with transplanting in the 3rd week of December, with no difference between SRI and BMP management systems. In on-farm trials, BMP gave significantly higher grain yield compared to SRI and farmers’ practice in a triple-cropped area, but grain yields were similar with SRI in a double and single-cropped area when spacing was narrow. The highest profit was obtained with BMP followed by SRI and farmers’ practice in the single-cropping area. Major findings from this study are that under comparable levels of net nutrient input and water management (i) well-implemented BMPs for rice are more efficient for producing high yields than SRI and (ii) there is no intrinsic yield advantage of SRI that could be caused by its individual crop management techniques or some unknown synergism of the different SRI practices proposed.     

不同前处理方法对秸秆金属元素原子吸收光谱分析结果的影响

秸秆中金属元素是关系农作物秸秆科学利用的重要组成部分,目前还没有统一的秸秆中金属元素原子吸收光谱(atomic absorption spectroscopy,AAS)测定方法标准,该研究采用原子吸收光谱测定黄芪(GBW10028)标准物质、玉米秸秆、小麦秸秆和棉花秸秆中金属元素含量,比较了不同前处理方法对样品中K、Cu、Fe、Zn和Mg分析结果的影响。结果表明:微波消解、干法灰化和湿法消解测定黄芪(GBW10028)标准物质中金属元素含量差异性显著(P<0.05),微波消解比干法灰化、湿法消解准确度高。微波消解对玉米秸秆、小麦秸秆和棉花秸秆中各金属元素的影响与黄芪(GBW10028)标准物质趋于一致。微波HNO3与微波HNO3-H2O2测定结果差异性不显著(P>0.05),微波HNO3比微波HNO3-H2O2和微波HNO3-H2SO4测定结果稳定。微波HNO3是进行秸秆样品金属元素含量测定时较准确简便的前处理方法。     

磷化锌药签配方及工艺改良研究

通过对6组助剂组合吸潮速度的测定，筛选出磷化锌药签最佳助荆组合，以KT50为指标筛选出最佳的药签配方，并在选择调制剂的基础上实现了药签生产的一步法工艺。