国有林权制度改革后承包户投资行为及其影响因素分析

利用黑龙江省伊春市国有林权制度改革试点林业局的195个承包户作为样本数据,分别建立承包户造林抚育投资和林下经济投资的Logistic模型,分析影响承包户后续经营行为的主要因素.研究结果表明:林权证政策、承包地立地等级和地区虚拟变量对承包户造林抚育投资和林下经济投资都有显著影响;森林经营方案政策、林地使用费政策、户主文化程度和家庭月收入等对承包户造林抚育投资有显著影响,而采伐限额政策、承包林离家距离、承包地面积、户主性别、兼业状况以及林业局木材产量等则对承包户林下经济投资有显著影响.根据对回归结果的分析,提出的政策建议是:第一,尽快完善与林权制度改革有关的配套政策;第二,发展林下经济还需要政府更多的扶持;第三,重视承包户将收取林地使用费政策与农民享受免收农业税政策进行的政策对比.     

现代林业理论研究

建设生态文明是现代林业建设的战略目标。国内较早出现“现代林业”一词是在1988年。近些年来,有许多学者对现代林业进行了深入的研究,本文从现代林业的概念和内涵,现代林业的基本特征,现代林业的要求和发展目标,要遵循的基本原则,加快现代林业发展努力建设生态文明等几个方面,对国内现代林业的研究进行综述。     

林业决策支持系统设计模式探讨

本文根据林业的特点,应用系统工程的原理和方法,对林业决策支持系统的设计模式进行了探讨。并提出了设计准则。实践表明,按照上述方法设计的林业决策支持系统,运行切实可靠,能达到预期目的。因而可供进行该系统设计时参考。     

Growth and yield models for uneven-sized forest stands in Finland

Uneven-sized forestry is gradually gaining popularity and acceptability also in the Nordic countries. This is because of the willingness of the public and some forest owners to avoid clear-fellings and pursue more near-nature forest structures. It has also been realized that the profitability of uneven-sized forestry may be competitive with even-aged forestry. In Finland, management of uneven-sized stands is hampered by the lack of information about the dynamics of such stands, and about the yield and profitability of uneven-sized forestry. This study developed models which allow managers to simulate the growth and yield of uneven-sized stands in Finland, making it possible to predict the yield and analyze the sustainability of different management options. The model set consists of individual-tree diameter increment, height and survival models, and a model for ingrowth. The modeling data consisted of two long-term field experiments of uneven-sized forest management, a set of temporary sample plots measured earlier for growth modeling purposes, and the sample plots of the third National Forest Inventory of Finland. The application area of the models covers all growing sites, all main tree species, and the whole surface area of Finland. According to the models, the sustainable harvest of a fertile (Oxalis-Myrtillus site) uneven-sized Norway spruce forest varies between 5.5 and 7 m³ ha⁻¹ a⁻¹ in Central Finland, depending on the length of the cutting cycle, stand density, and shape of the diameter distribution. It is profitable to harvest large diameter classes more heavily than small ones. Due to the large amount of data the models for diameter increment are highly significant and reliably show the growth level of trees in uneven-sized stands. The weakest models are the ingrowth models, which are based on a clearly smaller data set than the other models.     

瑞典林业可持续发展的策略与支持体系

林业可持续发展是当前世界各国普遍接受的林业发展方向,瑞典在长期的林业生产中,不断总结经验和吸取教训,探索出了一条适合本国国情的林业可持续发展的道路。文中介绍了瑞典林业可持续发展所采取的策略及其支持体系,提出中国林业可持续发展可以借鉴的几个方面。     

地理信息系统在林业上的应用现状及其前景

在概述地理信息系统(GIS)的概念、功能、应用领域的基础上，对GIS在林业资源管理与动态监测、林业专题图编制、森林经营与林业工程规划、森林病虫害管理、森林防火、林业地理信息系统的建立以及林业其他方面的应用现状进行了综述，并对GIS在林业中的应用前景进行了探讨，指出地理信息系统在林业上应用研究的重要性。     

提升咸宁竹业与发展区域经济

咸宁是全国主要竹产区之一,竹业是咸宁经济发展的一个主导产业.从栽培技术、基地规模、加 工效益、经济份额等方面看,提升咸宁的竹业具有可行性;从农业、工业、旅游等区域经济发展全局看,提升咸宁竹业具有必要性.因此,必须抓住国家高度重视林业和生态建设的机遇,进一步巩固竹业的支柱地位、加快资源培育、开展精深加工、激活发展机制,将传统的资源优势转变为明显的经济优势,为建设咸宁新型生态园林城市作出更大贡献.     

城市森林火灾成因及预防扑救技术

随着经济发展和人们生活水平的提高,人们更愿意在森林中或靠近森林的地方居住。但伴随而来的是居民用火对森林造成威胁,与此同时,森林火灾也对居民住宅带来隐患。住宅在森林中的出现导致森林火灾的危险性增高,住宅、木棚、院落、车库及其他建筑物分布靠近森林,也给森林火灾的预防和扑救敲响警钟,近年来"家火上山,山火进城"的情况屡有发生,需加强有关研究。       

国外典型林业PPP项目经验借鉴

公私伙伴关系（PPP）可以提高公共产品和服务的供给效率,促进经济增长。近年来我国林业PPP快速发展,但总体仍处于起步阶段。相比之下,国外林业PPP合作渐趋成熟,在融资模式、重点领域、资本范围、制度规范方面的探索值得我国学习借鉴。文中通过分析国外林业PPP具体案例,总结归纳出其成功经验,包括明确的政府指导方针、完善的政策法律体系、合理的利益分配、良好的社会诚信体系以及关注当地发展;建议我国加大开放力度,提升PPP项目吸引力,开展试点示范并总结推广成功经验。     

High genetic diversity of Fusarium circinatum associated with the first outbreak of pitch canker on Pinus patula in South Africa

The disease known as pitch canker results from infection of Pinus species by the fungus Fusarium circinatum. This fungus also causes a serious root disease of Pinus seedlings and cuttings in forestry nurseries. Pinus radiata and P. patula are especially susceptible to the pathogen, but there are no records of pitch canker on P. patula in established plantations. To date, only planting material of this tree species in nurseries or in plantations at the time of establishment have been infected by F. circinatum. Symptoms of pitch canker have recently emerged in an established P. patula plantation in South Africa and this study sought to determine whether the symptoms were caused by F. circinatum. Isolates from cankers were identified as F. circinatum using morphology and DNA-based diagnostic markers. Microsatellite markers were then used to determine the genetic diversity of a collection of 52 isolates. The entire population included 17 genotypes representing 30 alleles, with a greater number of genotypes collected from younger (three- to six-year-old) than older (12- to 19-year-old) trees. Both mating types of F. circinatum were present, but no evidence of sexual recombination was inferred from population genetic analyses. This is the first record globally of pitch canker on P. patula trees in managed plantations. It is of significant concern to South Africa, where P. patula is the most important Pinus species utilised for plantation forestry.