关于进一步发展蛟河市旅游业的思考

近年来，蛟河市森林旅游发展快，形势育人，特别是１９９５年成立拉法山国家森林公园以来，根据当地特点，在旅游开发、在旅游开发、促销、接待旅游团体等方面下了很大功夫，建立了有特色的民俗村、渡假村等，已基本形成了四大景区十个景点，总投资额达５６００多万元，从业人员达２８００多人，总产值达１２０００多万元。     

补充寄主提高林间松毛虫卵寄生率的研究

研究表明:在松林内,14种松毛虫卵寄生蜂中有9种能寄生柞蚕卵。利用柞蚕卵作为马尾松毛虫卵寄生蜂的补充寄主是可行的。补充寄主的林地,卵蜂种群密度比对照提高0.68～1.43倍,而长年补充又比阶段补充增加1.37倍,比对照区增加2倍。林间补充寄主后提高了平腹小蜂和白角小蜂的种群密度。第一代松毛虫卵期总寄生率补充寄主区较对照区提高5.16～28.96％,第二代提高3.62～24.97％;第三代提高8～17.99％。根据卵蜂在不同生态条件下的消长规律,补充寄主的方法应有所不同,在地被物稀少的松林中补充寄主的次数应多一些,而在地被物丰富的松林中,补充寄主的次数可相应减少。     

三北地区杨树速生林材积生长量与气候因子关系分析

应用灰色系统理论中的灰色关联度分析方法 ,对三北地区杨树速生林材积生长量与气候因子间的关系进行了定量分析 ,确定出影响材积生长量的主导气候因子为水分因子 ,光照因子次之 ,热量因子的影响最小     

祁连山林区土壤水分条件的分析与评价

通过对祁连山林区云杉林、圆柏林、灌丛林和牧草地等4种主要植被类型土壤水分动态进行长期定位研究,揭示出生长季节内各植被类型的土壤水分动态变化规律.从土壤水分的变化特征,土壤水分有效性等几个方面对祁连山林区主要植被类型的土壤水分条件进行了分析与评价,表明祁连山林区主要植被类型的土壤水分垂直变化可分为土壤水分弱利用层、土壤水分利用层、土壤水分调节层;林地土壤水分的季节变化可分为土壤水分消耗期、土壤水分补偿期、土壤水分消退期、土壤水分稳定期4个时期.根据土壤水分对植物的有效性,将土壤水分划分为易效水、中效水和难效水三种状态,评价土壤水分有效性认为云杉林水分供应状况最好.     

Adsorption-desorption behaviour of flufenacet in five different soils of India

Adsorption-desorption of the herbicide flufenacet (FOE 5043) has been studied in five soils from different locations in India (Delhi, Ranchi, Nagpur, Kerala and Assam) varying in their physicochemical properties. The organic matter (OM) content varied from 0.072 to 0.864%, clay content from 2.5 to 43.7% and pH from 4.45 to 8.35. The adsorption studies were carried out using a batch equilibration technique. Ten grams of soil were equilibrated with 20 ml of aqueous 0.01 M CaCl2 solution containing different concentrations (0-30 mg litre-1) of flufenacet. After equilibration, an aliquot of supernatant was taken out for analysis. During desorption, the amount withdrawn for analysis was replenished with fresh 0.01 M CaCl2 solution and further equilibrated. Desorption studies were carried out with the 30 mg litre-1 concentration of flufenacet only. The adsorption studies revealed that there was moderate to high adsorption of flufenacet considering the comparatively low organic carbon content in the five test soils. Average Kd values ranged from 0.77 to 4.52 and Freundlich KF values from 0.76 to 4.39. The highest adsorption was observed in Kerala soil (OM 0.786%; clay 25%; pH 4.45) followed by Ranchi, Nagpur and Delhi soils, and the lowest in Assam soil (OM 0.553%; clay 2.5%; pH 6.87). The trend in adsorption could be attributed to the chemical nature of flufenacet and the physicochemical properties of the soil such as pH, OM and clay contents. OM and clay contents were positively correlated whereas pH was negatively correlated. Soils having low pH, high OM and high clay contents showed higher adsorption. Desorption studies revealed that there was a hysteresis effect in all the soils. Hysteresis coefficient values (ratio of n(ad) and n(des)) varied from 0.09 to 0.45. The study implies that, because of its moderate to high adsorption, flufenacet is likely to persist in soil for some time. However, the possibility of its movement by leaching or surface run off is less.     

Pine Wilt Disease Caused by the Pine Wood Nematode: The Induced Resistance of Pine Trees by the Avirulent Isolates of Nematode

Since the beginning of the 20th century, pine trees in Japan have been seriously damaged by the pine wilt disease. This disease is caused by the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which is transmitted by the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus. The control of disease depends to a large extent on chemicals, but the public is now demanding environmentally friendly control methods. The virulence of B. xylophilus varies very widely. Pre-inoculation of young pine trees in a nursery with avirulent B. xylophilus has induced systemic resistance of trees against a subsequent inoculation with virulent B. xylophilus. This induced resistance was considered a hopeful means for developing a biological control for the disease. The induced resistance by the avirulent nematodes was also expressed in mature pine trees in a forest where the disease was naturally epidemic. However, the effects of induced resistance were not satisfactory for practical biological control. Since the inoculation with higher concentrations of the avirulent B. xylophilus induced the resistance more effectively, the pre-inoculation method will need to be improved to develop the biological control. The induced resistance of pine trees by avirulent B. xylophilus should be one of the candidate biological control methods against pine wilt disease. This induced resistance also provides an experimental system to clarify physiological interactions between the nematodes and pine trees.     

A case study of forest change in the Swiss lowlands

This paper presents a regional case study of forest development and the history of forest use and management in the north-eastern lowlands of Switzerland during the 19th and 20th centuries. The analysis draws on historical documents related to forestry to consider the following aspects of forest change: forest types, growing stock, trees species composition and non-timber forest uses. Based on the data presented, three overlapping periods of forest use and management can be discerned. The period of traditional multiple use lasted until the second half of the 19th century. From the mid 19th to the mid 20th century, a period of primacy of timber production occurred. During the 20th century, the period of modern multi-impact management has developed. For these three periods, groups of main actors, their needs and interests, and how they were causing the changes in the aspects under study were defined. This procedure of defining periods and the respective groups of main actors is a critical link between landscape ecology and history, as changes in demands of the society can be directly linked with changes in land-use and land-cover.     

百倍冲水库种草养鱼防淤试验初报

百倍冲水库自1976年修建以来,养鱼由于饲料长期缺乏,300亩养鱼水面常年产鲜鱼1000kg左右,库内每年淤积泥砂0.6～0.8万立方米。作者于1985～1987年在库内的消落区种植黑麦草,紫云英;荒山种象草、扁穗牛鞭草;堤坝上种岸杂一号狗牙根;幼林地种鸡脚草、拉丁鲁白三叶等牧草配套养鱼和防止水土流失进行试验研究。结果,库内年鲜鱼产量由种草前1000kg提高到7000～8000kg,泥砂淤积量每年减少0.516万立方米,经济生态效益显著。     

内蒙古大兴安岭林区发展草地畜牧业潜力分析与对策

内蒙古大兴安岭林区草地资源较为丰富，发展林区草地畜牧业的潜力较大，但该地区草地资源和利用不均衡，有的草地严重超载，造成草场退化；而有此可利用草地尚未被充分利用，本文着重对充分利用的区域和自然条件优势及丰富的草地资源，发展林区畜牧业，建立绿色畜产品基地的潜力和对策，进行了切实可行的分析。     

森林旅游资源的分级

为正确反映森林旅游资源系统的本质和客观差异,将森林旅游资源分为4个层次、6个项目、26个要素.以200分为总分,按各要素的权重系数分配各要素的赋分值,所得总高分高于171分为一级;161～170分为二级,以此类推,低于90分为十级,共分为10级.最后对9个森林旅游区的森林旅游资源进行了评价与分级.