增产菌对复种燕麦产草量影响的试验

采用拌种、喷洒和拌种+喷洒3种方法,对临夏县北塬灌区麦后复种燕麦草增产效果进行了初步研究。结果 表明,增产菌对麦后复种燕麦的增产效果极显著(p<0.01),最佳拌种量300 g/hm2,最佳喷洒量300 g/hm2,最佳处 理组合为300 g/hm2拌种+300 g/hm2喷洒。     

种植密度与施氮对玉米/秣食豆间作系统饲草产量、品质和氮肥利用的影响

2019和2020年在河西灌区进行玉米/秣食豆间作田间试验,设置7.5（D₁）、9.0（D₂）、10.5万株·hm^-2（D₃）3个青贮玉米种植密度,每个种植密度下设置0（N₁）、120（N₂）、240（N₃）、360 kg·hm^-2（N₄）4个施氮水平,探究种植密度与施氮对饲草产量、品质和氮肥利用的影响。结果表明,两年D₂和D₃处理的青贮玉米、秣食豆及总体的干草产量、粗蛋白产量显著高于D₁,N₃和N₄处理的青贮玉米及总体的干草产量、粗蛋白产量显著高于N₂和N₁。所有处理中,D₂N₃获得了最高的总干草产量,2019和2020年分别为36.16和30.31 t·hm^-2。两年随着密度的增加,青贮玉米、秣食豆及总体的粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量呈下降趋势,而粗灰分、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量呈增加趋势。随着施氮量的增加,总体粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量增加,而粗灰分、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量呈下降趋势。两年D₂处理下总体氮含量、氮吸收量和氮肥利用效率显著高于D₃,且D₂获得较高的氮肥农学效率。N₂、N₃、N₄处理的总体氮含量和氮吸收量显著高于N₁,N₃处理的氮肥农学效率和氮肥利用效率显著高于N₄。所有处理中D₂N₃获得最高的氮肥利用效率,2019和2020年分别为1.41和0.86 kg·kg^-1。因此,该处理是一种河西灌区青贮玉米/秣食豆间作系统适宜的田间管理措施,具有一定推广价值。     

氮磷肥对季节性栽培紫花苜蓿生长及再生的影响

为探讨江淮地区紫花苜蓿季节性栽培体系中氮磷肥供应对干物质产量及再生的影响,试验设置4个磷（P₂O₅）水平处理（0、50、100、150 kg·hm^-2）及4个氮（N）水平处理（0、60、120、180 kg·hm^-2）,研究了干物质产量及产量构成因子、地上部氮磷含量及累积量、再生6和12 d的生长量等指标对氮磷肥投入的响应。结果表明：1）施用氮肥及磷肥均显著促进了紫花苜蓿的生长。在低磷供应条件下,干物质产量随供氮量的增加而增加;在高磷条件下,适宜生长的最优施氮量为120 kg·hm^-2。对不同施氮处理而言,饲草干物质产量均随施磷量的增加显著增加。2）干物质产量与地上部氮含量、地上部氮累积量、地上部磷累积量间存在显著正相关关系。3）氮磷肥施用可以促进植株残茬再生,0、50、100、150 kg·hm^-2磷处理下适宜残茬再生所需的施氮量分别为180、120、120、60 kg·hm^-2。刈割6 d后残茬的再生芽芽长及叶面积、刈割12 d后叶面积均与再生生物量间存在显著正相关关系。可见,江淮地区紫花苜蓿季节性栽培体系中施用磷肥可在一定程度上减少氮肥的用量。当磷肥施用量分别为0、50、100、150 kg·hm^-2时,适宜生长及再生的氮肥推荐用量分别为180、120、120、60 kg·hm^-2。江淮地区紫花苜蓿季节性栽培体系中推荐年施磷量及施氮量分别为100及120 kg·hm^-2,研究结果可为紫花苜蓿季节性栽培技术中的肥料管理提供理论依据。     

播期对半干旱区7个燕麦品种产量和品质的影响

为筛选出适宜甘肃陇西半干旱山区种植的优良燕麦(Avena sativa)品种及最佳播期,本文研究了7个燕麦品种在4个播期(5月6日、5月16日、5月26日、6月5日)的生产性能和营养品质,并运用灰色关联度和聚类分析进行了综合评价。结果表明：播期和品种互作对燕麦的干草产量、种子产量和饲草品质具有极显著影响(P < 0.01)。28个处理相比较,5月26日种植的‘梦龙’干草产量最高,为13 550.80 kg·hm?2;6月5日种植的‘莫妮卡’种子产量最高,为2 147.31 kg·hm?2;5月26日种植的‘青燕1号’粗蛋白含量最高,为6.94%。利用干草产量、粗蛋白含量、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和可溶性糖含量的相对值进行灰色关联度综合评价得出,5月6日种植的‘陇燕3号’综合表现最好,其次是5月26日种植的‘梦龙’。通过系统聚类将28个处理根据干草产量、种子产量、饲草粗蛋白含量聚为四大类。综上,在陇西半干旱山区选择适宜的播期种植可提高燕麦产量和营养品质,是适宜该地区燕麦草地的管理措施。     

紫花苜蓿与不同生活型多年生禾本科牧草混播生长生理特征

本研究通过测定紫花苜蓿分别与3种生活型禾草混播草地牧草生产力和生理指标对混播成分和比例的响应,为建植可持续高产的混播草地提供理论依据。结果显示：混播紫花苜蓿和苇状羊茅MDA含量减小,抗逆能力和光合能力增强;建植初期混播草地早熟禾MDA含量大于单播,抗逆生理和光合生理指标在豆禾比为7∶3时小于单播,5∶5和3∶7时大于单播;混播无芒雀麦MDA含量大于单播,抗氧化指标在豆禾比为7∶3时小于单播,5∶5和3∶7时大于单播,渗透调节物质含量和光合生理指标大于单播,说明紫花苜蓿与苇状羊茅混播时二者生理协同效应较好,建植初期豆禾比为7∶3时紫花苜蓿对草地早熟禾和无芒雀麦有种间竞争胁迫,适当下调紫花苜蓿比例有利于草地早熟禾和无芒雀麦生长。隶属函数评价结果显示紫花苜蓿与丛生型苇状羊茅3∶7混播时两种牧草生理表现最好,增产率和产量最高。     

毛竹笋,材加工剩余物的饲用价值

对毛竹笋、材加工剩余物作为反刍动物饲料的营养价值进行研究表明，竹笋加工剩余物营养价值较高，可直接或经适当处理后用作饲料，竹材加工剩余物因蛋白质含量低，木质素含量高，直接作为饲料的营养价值不及作物秸秆。由于竹材加工剩余物中含有３／４的碳水化合物，故具有作为反刍动物饲料的潜在价值。对竹材加工剩余物进行氨化处理，可明显提高粗蛋白含量，并使质地变得松软，而竹材加工过程中的高温蒸煮、切削加工和烘干处理等，可破坏其细胞壁，使碎料膨松柔软，降低了粗纤维含量，作为食物纤维素定量的ＮＤＦ、ＡＤＦ和木质素值均有不同程度下降。     

The biology, ecology and agroforestry potential of the raintree, Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.

Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. (syn. Albizia saman (Jacq.) F. v. Muell.) is a large tree, native to tropical America, which has now become widespread throughout the humid and subhumid tropics. Although noted as a promising agroforestry species, there is little specific research that substantiates this potential. On the basis of a review of its biology, ecology and recorded uses, it is concluded that the most appropriate use for S. saman would be in an extensive silvopastoral system for cattle production. The tree provides excellent protective shade, and produces highly palatable pods that are suitable as a dry season feed supplement. Additionally, there are reports of enhanced grass production beneath its canopy indicating a potential role in maintaining or improving the productivity of tropical grasslands. It is concluded that the tree should receive more research attention, focusing particularly on its interaction with the herbaceous understorey and the identification of provenances adapted to a variety of environmental conditions. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Micronutrient, magnesium and phosphorus effects on biomass and leaf tissue nutrient concentrations of field grown Leucaena leucocephala

To optimize biomass and crude protein (CP) production for leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) in southern Texas, field trials were conducted with treatment combinations of three levels of phosphorus (P) , two levels of Mg and two levels of soluble trace element mixture (STEM). The P was banded in the soil while the Mg and micronutrient blend were applied to the foliage. A combination of P (22 kg ha^-1), Mg and STEM fertilizers significantly increased biomass from 2555 kg ha^-1 to 3028 kg ha^-1. This treatment was associated with an increase in leaf CP from 27.9% to 31.0%. P fertilizer had no significant effect on leaf P, but significantly increased leaf nitrogen (N) and leaf copper (Cu). A foliar spray of Mg significantly increased leaf N, P, and Cu. A foliar spray of a complete micronutrient blend increased leaf Cu. Biomass production was correlated positively (decreasing order) with leaf Cu, N, and Mg and negatively with Zn. Leaf N was positively correlated with leaf P and calcium. The critical tissue concentrations (CTC) (where 90% of predicted maximum leaf protein was obtained) were 0.18% and 4.49 mg kg^-1 for leaf P and Cu, respectively. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

干旱半干旱地区人工牧草节水灌溉技术研究进展

对干旱半干旱地区人工牧草节水灌溉技术的研究状况进行了回顾和总结，并提出了今后西部干旱半干旱地区人工牧草节水灌溉技术研究的重点内容与方向。     

Agronomic evaluation of eleven Leucaena lines at Tumbi, Tabora, western Tanzania

Two trials were carried out over five growing seasons in western Tanzania to investigate (a) forage production and quality of eight lines of Leucaena leucocephala, one of L. diversifolia and one of L. esculenta and (b) the effect of cutting height (25, 50 and 75 cm) on forage production of nine lines of L. leucocephala and one of L. diversifolia. The locally naturalized lines, T1 and K1, were consistently better in yield, out-producing the commercial L. leucocephala cultivars Cunningham, Peru and K8 in three or four out of the five seasons' harvests. Mean daily dry matter yields for all lines decreased as the dry season progressed. Mean yields were 54.9, 28.6 and 12.8 kg/ha/day in the rainy season, late rainy season/early dry season and late dry season, respectively. The concentrations of N (2.3 to 3.1%), P (0.13 to 0.17%), K (0.7 to 1.3%), Ca (0.6 to 1.6%) and Mg (o.4 to 0.6%) in the edible forage declined as the dry season became pronounced but were at levels sufficient for animal production except for P levels, which were low. Three distinct yield groups emerged from responses to cutting height: cv. Cunningham produced the greatest yields of edible forage at 25 cm cutting height; cv. Peru, cv. K8, Korog, T1, CpI 90790 and CPI 58394 at 50 cm; and CPI 58398, CPI 84511 and CPI 85132 at 75 cm.