揉丝微贮与传统青贮秸秆的微生物组成与营养成分分析

为比较玉米秸秆揉丝微贮饲料与传统青贮饲料中微生物与营养成分的差异,用常规实验室分析方法对其主要微生物数量及常规饲料营养成分进行了分析测定。结果表明,揉丝微贮饲料中乳酸菌数量比传统青贮饲料多1.54×1012 cfu/g(P<0.05),酵母菌、霉菌、放线菌和细菌的数量则比传统青贮饲料分别少2.21×107 cfu/g、1.23×106 cfu/g、4.12×106 cfu/g和3.11×104cfu/g(P<0.05);揉丝微贮饲料中无氮浸出物、粗纤维、中性及酸性洗涤纤维的含量与传统青贮饲料相比分别降低5.19%、2.34%、1.44%、1.64%,粗脂肪和粗蛋白的含量分别提高5.4%和1.14%,其中粗脂肪、粗纤维和无氮浸出物含量差异显著(P<0.05),粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量差异不显著(P>0.05),而水分、粗灰分、钙和磷的含量基本不变。玉米秸秆揉丝微贮与传统青贮饲料相比更优,值得推广。     

废弃烟叶中有效成分提取的研究进展

烟叶中含有大量珍贵的天然成分,可供提取出来反添加到卷烟中,能够有效改善、提升卷烟品质。概述了烟叶中主要有效成分,综述了废弃烟叶中有效成分提取的主要方法,展望了废弃烟叶中有效成分提取的未来发展方向。     

栗仁中主要营养物质含量间的相关性分析

对8个新选育的非同源板栗优系种子中黄酮类化合物、木质素、可溶性糖和淀粉含量进行了测定,并作了相关与偏相关分析。结果表明,黄酮类化合物含量与木质素含量间的相关性均达极显著水平,其余营养物质间相关性不显著。     

Apparent digestibility coefficients of processed agro‐food by‐products in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles

Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of processed agro‐food by‐products were assessed in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Each experimental diet was obtained by replacing 300 g/kg of a commercial‐based diet used as reference (REF) with a test ingredient: wheat germ (GERM), okara meal (OKA), poultry by‐product meal (POULT), steam hydrolysed (FeHY) and enzyme‐treated feather meal (FeENZ), beta‐lactoglobulin (β‐Lg) and peptide fractions >3,000 Da obtained from brewer's yeast (YeastP) and fish by‐products (FishP). Dry matter ADC was highest in β‐Lg (95%) and lowest in OKA (40%). Protein ADCs were high in β‐Lg, FishP, GERM and POULT (>93%); intermediate in FeHY and FeENZ (85%–88%); and moderate in OKA and YeastP (70%–78%). The essential amino acids' ADC mean was above 91% in POULT, β‐Lg, GERM and FishP, 84%–89% in FeHY and FeENZ and 73%–76% in YeastP and OKA. Energy ADC was highest in POULT and β‐Lg (89%–95%) and lowest in YeastP and OKA (61%–64%). Lipid ADC was highest for POULT and GERM (100%). Phosphorus ADC was lowest in GERM (19%) and highest in β‐Lg (88%). FeHY, FeENZ, POULT, GERM, FishP and β‐Lg are highlighted as protein sources for European seabass.     

云南龙陵齿瓣石斛化学成分分析测定及栽培方式选择

对齿瓣石斛药用成分进行测定、分析,并对其栽培方式进行对比选择,结果表明,齿瓣石斛含有石斛多糖、矿质元素、氨基酸等有效成分;不同栽培方式对于齿瓣石斛生长作用不同,槽式栽培最具推广前景,与仿野生结合,在提高产量的同时能极大地利用空间。     

竹提取物的化学成分及其利用研究进展

近年来,竹类资源的研究和利用在国内外十分活跃.本文综述了竹提取物中的主要化学成分,包括竹叶黄酮、多糖、氨基酸、挥发性成分等的种类和含量研究进展,总结了竹提取物的抗氧化活性等生理功能,重点论述了竹提取物的防腐抗菌作用、控制害虫作用等生物活性.提出了今后竹子化学研究的重点领域.     

Net energy of oat bran,wheat bran,and palm kernel expellers fed to growing pigs using indirect calorimetry

The objectives of this experiment were to (a) determine the effects of fiber increase in diets on heat production (HP), (b) determine the net energy (NE) of oat bran (OB), wheat bran (WB), and palm kernel expellers (PKE) fed to growing pigs using indirect calorimetry (IC). Twenty‐four growing barrows (29.2 ± 2.6 kg) were randomly allotted to one of four diets with six replicate pigs per diet. Diets included a corn‐soybean meal basal diet and three test diets containing 30% OB, WB or PKE, respectively. During each period, pigs were individually housed in metabolism crates for 20 days, including 14 days to adapt to the diets. On day (d) 15, pigs were transferred to the open‐circuit respiration chambers for determination of daily total HP and were fed one of the four diets at 2.3MJ ME/kg body weight (BW)^0.6/day. Total feces and urine were collected for the determination of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) and daily total HP was measured from d 15 to d 19 and fasted on day 20 for the measurement of fasting heat production (FHP). The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), and organic matter (OM) were greater (p < 0.01) in pigs fed the basal diet compared with those fed the test diets. The ATTD of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was lower (p < 0.01) in pigs fed the WB diet compared with those fed the basal, OB, or PKE diets. The ATTD of ether extract (EE) in pigs fed the PKE diet was greater (p < 0.01) compared with those fed the other diets. The average total HP and FHP in pigs fed the four diets were 1261 and 787 kJ/kg BW^0.6/d, respectively, and were not significantly affected by diet characteristics. The NE:ME ratio for diets ranged from 78.1 to 80.9%. The NE contents of OB, WB, and PKE were 10.93, 7.47, and 8.71 MJ/kg DM, respectively.     

Net energy content of five fiber‐rich ingredients fed to pregnant sows

The present study was conducted to determine the net energy (NE) values and energy efficiency of wheat bran (WB), sugar beet pulp (SBP), corn gluten feed (CGF), soybean hulls (SBH), and defatted rice bran (DFRB) fed to pregnant sows. Thirty‐six multiparous pregnant sows were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments with six replicates per treatment. Each period lasted for 21 days including 14 days for adaptation. On day 15, sows were moved into respiration chambers for heat production (HP) measurement and provided feed at 544 kJ/kg BW^0.75/day. On day 20, sows were fasted to measure the fasting heat production (FHP). Experimental diets included corn‐soybean meal basal diet and five diets containing 29.20% WB, SBP, CGF, SBH, and DFRB, respectively. Results showed that inclusion of WB, SBP, CGF, SBH, and DFRB to basal diet decreased (p < 0.05) the apparent total tract digestibility of energy and nutrients. The average adjusted total HP and FHP were 418 kJ/kg BW^0.75/day and 326 kJ/kg BW^0.75/day, respectively. The average NE:ME ratio of experiment diets was 82.5%. In conclusion, the NE values of WB, SBP, CGF, SBH, and DFRB were 9.05, 8.59, 8.37, 7.64, and 7.93 MJ/kg DM, respectively.     

枸杞叶成分及药理作用研究进展

枸杞叶含有丰富的营养成分(蛋白质、氨基酸、矿物质、微量元素等)和活性成分(黄酮类、萜类、生物碱、甾类等),具有抗氧化、降血糖血脂、强体明目之功效,是潜在的功能性食品及添加剂等的主要植物来源,具有很高的开发价值。现对枸杞叶的研究成果进行总结和归纳,以期为枸杞叶的深入研究和开发收集素材。     

贵州省紫云县不同等级烟叶化学成分的变化特征

为优化烤烟生产技术措施、改善烟叶品质,采用方差分析方法对贵州省紫云县2009—2015年B2F、C3F和X2F等级烟叶的主要化学成分特征变化规律进行分析。结果表明:紫云县烟叶化学成分基本在优质烤烟适宜范围,总体协调性较好。其中,B2F等级烟叶的还原糖含量和两糖比年度间差异显著;C3F等级烟叶的总氮含量年度间差异显著,两糖比年度间差异极显著;X2F等级烟叶的总氮含量年度间差异显著,钾氯比和两糖比年度间差异极显著;中、下部烟叶的总糖、还原糖及钾含量,氮碱比和糖碱比显著高于上部烟叶,总氮及烟碱含量随烟叶部位升高而增加,钾含量、糖碱比、钾氯比和氮碱比随烟叶部位升高而降低。2009—2015年上部烟叶的烟碱含量总体呈下降趋势,下部烟叶略呈上升趋势,中部烟叶较稳定。