湖南种业深化体制改革现状与发展建议

介绍了湖南种业的发展现状,分析了目前湖南种业深化体制改革存在的主要问题,提出了深化种业体制改革发展的五点建议,即创建股份制科研院所、强化知识产权的保护和管理、建立种业人才与成果交流交易公共平台、依法有序推进企业联合体试验和加强协调行业协会与学会的联动等。     

Breeding for provitamin A biofortification of maize (Zea mays L.)

Vitamin A deficiency is widely prevailing in children and women of developing countries. Deficiency of vitamin A causes night blindness, growth retardation, xerophthalmia and increases the susceptibility against epidemic diseases. Among different interventions of overcoming malnutrition, biofortification is the most acceptable and preferred intervention among researchers, growers and consumers. Maize is grown and consumed in those regions where vitamin A deficiency is most prevalent; thus, targeting this crop for provitamin A biofortification is the most appropriate solution. Different breeding strategies including diversity analysis, introduction and stability analysis of exotic germplasm, hybridization, heterosis breeding, mutagenesis and marker‐assisted selection are practised for exploring maize germplasm and development of provitamin A‐enriched cultivars. Genome‐wide association selection and development of transgenic maize genotypes are also being practised, whereas RNA interference and genome editing tools could also be used as potential strategies for provitamin A biofortification of maize genotypes. The use of these breeding strategies for provitamin A biofortification of maize is comprehensively reviewed to provide a working outline for maize breeders.     

21世纪中国的地区粮食结构预测

解放以后，中国的地区粮食生产发生了巨大变化。１９８４年以来，总的变化趋势是：粮食生产从南方地区向北方地区转移。虽然目前还没有明显转移到西部地区，但从发展的观点看，西部地区将成为中国的在粮食生产的区域之一。在２０３０年，中国的粮食产量将达到７亿Ｔ，东部、中部和西部地区分别占３５％５０％和１５％，坍民北方地区的比例是１：１．５     

How Could Agricultural Land Systems Contribute to Raise Food Production Under Global Change?

To feed the increasing world population, more food needs to be produced from agricultural land systems. Solutions to produce more food with fewer resources while minimizing adverse environmental and ecological consequences require sustainable agricultural land use practices as supplementary to advanced biotechnology and agronomy. This review paper, from a land system perspective, systematically proposed and analyzed three interactive strategies that could possibly raise future food production under global change. By reviewing the current literatures, we suggest that cropland expansion is less possible amid fierce land competition, and it is likely to do less in increasing food production. Moreover, properly allocating crops in space and time is a practical way to ensure food production. Climate change, dietary shifts, and other socio-economic drivers, which would shape the demand and supply side of food systems, should be taken into consideration during the decision-making on rational land management in respect of sustainable crop choice and allocation. And finally, crop-specific agricultural intensification would play a bigger role in raising future food production either by increasing the yield per unit area of individual crops or by increasing the number of crops sown on a particular area of land. Yet, only when it is done sustainably is this a much more effective strategy to maximize food production by closing yield and harvest gaps.     

科技期刊编辑部要积极应对报刊改革

科技期刊编辑部是我国最小的非独立法人性质出版单位,其数量大,规模小,并且分布于各行各业,实行多重管理,体制改革相对滞后。2010年总署将全面启动非时政类报刊转制改革工作,出台报刊综合评估退出机制。这是从根本上扭转科技期刊小、散、滥局面的重要举措,既带给科技期刊得以资源整合从而发展壮大的良机,也给科技期刊带来挑战。退出机制使期刊质量成为决定其生存的要素,科技期刊编辑部必须积极应对,通过创新运作机制,编辑部拥有自主管理权,成为相对独立的市场主体,以提升办刊水平,实现科技期刊优质和可持续发展的改革目标。     

积极推进木材科学与工程专业调整与改革

木材科学与工程本科专业调整与改革，要适应广东省支柱产业发展的需要，形成自己的优势和特点，最大限度满足社会的需要。进行系列课程的重组和整合，拓宽专业知识；减少课内理论教学学时，加强实践教学环节；增加选修课的种类和数量，将学习的主动权交给学生。根据广东省木材工业和家具工业发展的趋势，在本专业的指导思想、培养模式、主干课程等重要问题上进行优化，形成新的教学计划框架，适应教学实际的要求。     

食品学科试验方法学教学的实践与探索

总结了食品学科试验方法学课程开设的必要性、存在问题、教学内容优化以及教学的实践与设想,以为今后教学改革提供参考。     

植物提取物抗菌作用及其在食品中的应用

天然抗菌剂的研究和开发利用已经成为食品工业的一个热点。本文介绍了植物抗菌剂的主要来源和制备方法,重点阐述植物抗菌剂的抑菌机理及其在食品保鲜中的应用概况,展望了未来植物提取物抗菌研究方向。     

绿色食品生产基地大气环境质量的模糊综合评价

根据辽宁省阜新市彰武县环境监测站提供的数据,建立评价因子集U,根据环境质量标准的4个等级建立评价等级集V,选择降半梯形分布来确定隶属函数,建立模糊关系矩阵R,采用超标倍数赋权法确立权重系数,构造权重系数矩阵A,将模糊矩阵R和权重矩阵A进行合成,得出综合评价结果.2002～2004年彰武县空气质量的最终评价结果分别为Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级和符合发展绿色食品的要求.与其他方法的比较结果表明,该模糊综合评价法较好地解决了质量分级归属问题,采用超标倍数赋权法建立权重得到了比较客观的结果.     

西方经济学多元化教学改革模式初探

随着社会改革和经济社会转型的不断深入,普通高校中西方经济学的教学工作正面临着一个重要的历史命题———如何对教学工作和教学模式进行改革,使其适应时代发展的需要,为社会提供适合社会要求的智力资源。本文以此为契机,对西方经济学多元化教学模式的改革问题进行了研究。旨在通过本文的工作,为西方经济学的教学工作提供一定的思想借鉴。