绿色食品企业内检员队伍建设现状及对策研究

绿色食品企业内检员是绿色食品企业产品质量的第一把关人,是企业生产管理的监督员;建设一支业务精、能力强、素质高的内检员队伍,对于促进绿色食品事业持续健康发展具有重要意义。文章在对全国绿色食品企业内检员队伍建设情况进行问卷调查和实地调研的基础上,分析评价了绿色食品企业内检员队伍建设成效,研究探讨了绿色食品企业内检员队伍建设存在的主要问题,并从把好内检员职能定位、完善内检员注册管理、加强内检员培训教育、健全内检员奖惩机制、理顺内检员管理服务体制等5个方面提出了加强绿色食品企业内检员队伍建设建议与对策。     

Utilization of Sake lees as Broiler Feedstuff and its Effects on Growth Performance and Intestinal Immunity

Increasing food loss and waste (FLW) is a global problem, and efforts are being made to use waste food as potential livestock feed material. The amount of self-supplied feed is lower in Japan than in other countries, and the government recommends FLW use for animal feed. Sake (Japanese rice wine) is a traditional alcoholic beverage. During the sake manufacturing process, large amounts of squeezed solids or “lees” (sake lees) are generated. Sake lees are nutritious and functional, but are prone to spoilage. In this study, we investigated whether sake lees should be mixed with animal feed immediately or after drying. To assess the usefulness of sake lees as a poultry feed ingredient and determine the effect of sake lees on intestinal immunity, we performed a feeding trial with three treatments: a raw sake lees (RSL) diet, dried sake lees (DSL) diet, and control diet. Three-week-old broilers were fed these diets (n=8 per group) for two weeks. We then calculated feed efficiency and performed RT-qPCR to assess the effects of diet on intestinal immunity. The growth performance in the RSL diet group was equivalent to that in the control diet group. The DSL diet became difficult for broilers to eat, resulting in decreased growth performance. In the ileum of RSL-diet broilers, the mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1 and avian β-defensin (AvBD)12 were significantly increased compared to those of control diet broilers (p<0.05), and a significant correlation was observed between the two genes (p<0.05). Our results indicated that sake lees should not be dried and should be mixed immediately with feed, and this sake lees when fed to chicken activates the intestinal immunity. However, sake lees have a lower fat content than corn, and it is thus important to combine sake lees with high-energy feed.     

机器视觉技术在现代农业生产中的研究进展

机器视觉技术已经广泛应用于农业生产的各个环节,详细阐述机器视觉的概念、组成部分、工作原理以及发展历程,总结国内外的研究成果,介绍机器视觉技术在作物病虫草害识别与监测、作物生长信息监测与产量估计、果蔬识别定位与采摘、种子产前检测与果蔬分级以及农业机器人视觉导航等领域的研究进展与应用情况,提出农业场景视觉系统在稳定性、可靠...     

面向室内养殖场的机器人自主导航技术研究进展

介绍了视觉导航、激光导航、卫星导航和路标导航等机器人导航技术,分析了不同类型的机器人导航技术在特定应用场景下的导航精度、实时性、适应性。根据这些导航技术的特点,结合在梅州市金绿现代农业发展有限公司室内养殖场开展的导航技术试验结果,指出了在室内养殖场内应用单一导航技术存在的问题,并展望多种导航方法信息融合的导航技术在室内养殖场的应用前景,期望为突破机器人饲喂、运输、采摘关键技术,解决制约农业智能化、无人化发展难题提供思路。     

云南森林食品产业竞争力分析及提升路径研究

丰富的林下资源为云南经济发展提供了条件和保障,森林食品产业是林下经济产业的重要组成部分,其健康持续发展,对确保森林资源的永续利用意义重大。借助波特竞争模型构建云南森林食品主产区产业竞争力指标体系,采用层次分析法和综合指数法,计算云南森林食品主产区产业竞争力得分。结果显示,云南的森林食品产业竞争力排名在全国有一定优势,但云南的森林食品产业发展中存在着运输能力不足、产业规模偏小、政府林业投资不足以及科技支撑能力弱等问题。针对问题,对云南森林食品的产业发展路径提出了相关建议。     

Mitochondrial DNA deletion of the brain tissue of aged rats with learning and memory deficit

AIM and METHODS: The ratio of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletion was measured to find the relationship between mtDNA deletion and aged learning and memory deficit. The aged rats were divided into two groups, aged learning and memory deficit group and aged learning and memory normal group. The ratio of mtDNA deletion was measured by dilution polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: There are deleted mtDNA (about 4834 bp) in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum of both young and aged rats. The ratios of deleted mtDNA were similar in the cerebral cortex,hippocampus and cerebellum of young rats (about 0.00018%). The ratio mtDNA of aged learning and memory normal rats had increased by five-fold in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, or one-fold in the cerebellum over young rats. The ratio of aged learning and memory dificit rats had increased by one-fold in the cerebral cortex or 0.8-fold in the hippocampus or two-fold in the cerebellum over aged learning and memory normal rats.CONCLUSIONS: There was really the increase of mtDNA in aging rat brain. And this increase was double in amount in aged learning and memory deficit rats compared to the normal learning and memory aged rats. It is suggested that the mtDNA deletions in the brain regions associated with learning and memory may be contributed to the cellular and molecular mechanism of learning and memory deicit with aged rats.     

水稻免耕栽培的优化效应与调控技术

水稻免耕栽培主要包括水稻免耕抛秧、免耕直播和免耕插秧等技术。试验示范结果表明:该项技术能提高水稻产量0.9%~5.1%,节省工本,提高纯收入达19.2%~37.0%,并省水节电,增加土壤表层孔隙度,增加土壤速效养分含量。介绍了水稻免耕栽培的调控技术。     

外加盐对凉粉草胶溶液的耐盐性和分子链刚性度的影响

在有盐环境下贮藏和加工凉粉草胶必须了解其多糖分子对盐的敏感性,该文绘制了凉粉草胶多糖在不同离子强度NaCl、KCl、MgCl₂和CaCl₂溶液中的Huggins'图,分别计算其分子链在这4种离子溶液中的耐盐度S、链刚性度B等值,结果发现：凉粉草胶多糖在4种离子溶液中,其耐盐性由强到弱的顺序为:K⁺>Na⁺>Mg⁺⁺>Ca⁺⁺,其分子链的构象在4种离子溶液中由柔到刚的顺序为:K⁺>Na⁺>Mg⁺⁺>Ca⁺⁺,这说明凉粉草胶多糖适合在KCl溶液中贮藏和加工。与其他多糖分子链在NaCl溶液中的B值比较后发现,凉粉草胶多糖的分子链构象较海藻酸钠要刚,较黄原胶要柔,这说明凉粉草胶比黄原胶更适合在NaCl溶液中贮藏和加工。     

中国农业装备产业发展战略研究

该文深入分析了中国农业装备产业发展现状与态势、发展中存在的问题与制约因素,提出振兴中国农业装备产业要实施自主创新战略、现代制造技术改造提升战略、组织结构优化战略、品牌培育战略以及市场拓展战略5大具体战略,以实现2010年农业装备制造业工业总产值翻一番,装备技术自主创新能力显著增强;2020年农业装备工业总值将在2010年基础上再提高50％,步入世界农业装备制造强国行列的阶段战略目标。探讨了中国农业装备科技创新体系建设的重点在于强化国家农业装备工程技术研究中心建设、打造大型农业装备制造企业、推进中小企业间合作创新,以增强共性技术研发能力、逐步培育农业装备产业创新主体和构建农业装备技术集成与推广服务平台。最后提出了完善农业装备科技创新机制的政策建议,重点在于建立新型农业装备科技创新运行机制,整合创新资源引导建立产学研合作创新的长效激励机制,建立多元化农业装备创新资金投入机制。     

基于ZigBee技术的农业设施测控系统的设计

为了提高农业设施群的自动化和信息化水平,研究了国内外农业设施测控系统的结构特点,以有线通信与无线通信相结合的方法,构建了结构相对灵活、价格相对便宜的农业设施测控网络系统。介绍了承载ZigBee技术的真正片上系统(SoC)——无线单片机CC2430的特征、优点和应用准则,重点阐述了基于无线网络通信技术ZigBee的农业设施测控系统的设计与实现方法以及运行效果。