盆栽绿萝生产技术规程

盆栽绿萝是室内重要的观叶植物之一,由于其具有较强的耐荫性、广泛的应用性而深受人们喜爱.通过生产调查和试验,总结出盆栽绿萝生产中各个环节主要技术,包括栽培条件、繁殖方式和栽培管理等,为盆栽绿萝标准化生产提供借鉴参考.     

Influence of photosynthetically active radiation levels and fertilizer sources on production and acclimatization of Brassaia actinophylla endl. 1/

Production light levels [1900, 1140 and 380 μE˙m^‐2 ˙s^‐1 photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)] and fertilizer treatments [Osmocote (18N‐3P‐10K) 12 g/15 cm pot, soluble. (20N‐6P‐17K) 480 ppm N weekly and combination of soluble 240 ppm N weekly plus Osmocote 6 g/pot] influenced growth parameters and elemental tissue content of Brassaia actinophylla in a 3×3 factorial experiment. Growth index, chlorophyll content and plant grade were greater in plants grown under medium and low PAR intensities (1140 and 380 μE˙m^‐2 ˙s^‐1) and when produced with the Osmocote fertilizer treatment. Inter‐nodal length decreased as production PAR levels increased. Analysis of leaf tissue indicated that decreasing PAR intensities produced an increase in N, P and K and a decrease in Mg. Calcium was unaffected.     

Growth and yield studies of potato development in a semi-arid region. 3. Effect of water stress and amounts of nitrogen top dressing on physiological indices and on tuber yield and quality of several cultivars

Summary The response of five potato cultivars (Alpha, Cardinal, Désirée, Spunta and Up-to-Date) to a range of amounts of irrigation nitrogen top dressing (N.t.) in a rainless region was studied by means of the line-source sprinkler method. The irrigation-to-evaporation ratio,K _p, ranged from 0.14 to 1.27 and N.t. from 12 kg/ha to 201 kg/ha, respectively. In all cultivars, the yield increased linearly up toK _p=1.0; at higher ratios there was a yield decline in all cultivars except for Cardinal, in which the yield function flattened off. Spunta was the highest yielding cultivar (16t/ha) in the dry range (K _p=0.14; N.t.=12 kg/ha). Désirée was the highest yielding cultivar (64 t/ha) in the wet range (K _p=1.0; N.t.=201 kg/ha), and Alpha was the lowest yielding cultivar in both the dry and wet range (9 and 46 t/ha, respectively). Leaf permeability, leaf water potential and photosynthesis rate decreased, and tuber dry matter percentage increased with decreasingK _p: these indices also varied with plant age, and among cultivars. Yields were adversely affected when soil water potential at the 30-cm depth dropped below −0.4 bar. Contributon from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel. No E-811, 1983 Series.     

钙镁叶面肥对‘妃子笑’荔枝果肉柠檬酸积累的影响

为探讨叶面喷施钙镁肥对‘妃子笑’荔枝果肉柠檬酸积累的影响,分别以树冠喷布0.3%氯化钙（Ca）、0.3%氯化镁（Mg）水溶液和0.3%氯化钙、0.3%氯化镁（Ca+Mg）混合水溶液为不同处理,以树冠喷布清水为对照（CK）,测定不同发育期果肉水溶性钙、水溶性镁、柠檬酸等含量变化及柠檬酸代谢相关酶活性的动态变化,并作多元线性相关分析。结果表明,柠檬酸含量呈“M”型动态变化趋势,Ca和Ca+Mg处理呈促进柠檬酸积累的趋势,而Mg处理呈先促进、后抑制的趋势;CK的ICL和Ca+Mg处理的CS酶活性分别与柠檬酸含量呈正相关;Ca+Mg处理的IDH活性与柠檬酸含量则呈负相关。果肉水溶性钙含量总体呈上升趋势,水溶性镁含量呈“上升、下降、上升、下降”的动态变化趋势;水溶性钙会抑制PEPC、ACO、CS这些酶的活性,仅CK的水溶性钙能提高PEPC的酶活性;水溶性镁能提高ICL和PEPC活性,对ACO、CS、IDH活性呈抑制作用。综上所述,喷施钙、镁叶面肥会影响果肉水溶性钙、镁含量,改变水溶性钙、镁等含量与柠檬酸相关酶活性之间的线性相关性,不同处理通过影响果肉柠檬酸积累而引起果肉总酸含量变化;Ca和Ca+Mg处理可能通过积累更多的柠檬酸而抑制果肉呼吸作用,进而使果肉减少糖分损失。     

糖厂酒精废液作追肥对甘蔗生长及产量的影响

以糖厂酒精废液为追肥(淋施)在甘蔗上进行了施用试验。结果表明,酒精废液在甘蔗生产上作早期追肥对甘蔗的分蘖、生长和提高甘蔗产量有明显的效果。以每667 m2施酒精废液4 t加尿素20 kg和施酒精废液3 t加尿素20 kg效果较好,理论产量分别达6 279.4 kg/667m2和6 065.3 kg/667m2,从节约生产成本和劳动力的角度出发,推荐施酒精废液3 t加尿素20 kg作追肥。     

吡虫啉拌种控制全生育期小麦蚜虫有效剂量评价

本文对吡虫啉拌种控制全生育期小麦蚜虫有效剂量进行了研究。结果表明,仅用吡虫啉拌种就可在小麦整个生育期将小麦蚜虫控制在防治指标之下,表现出超高效、持效的控制效果。1 kg种子用1.0~4.8 g吡虫啉（有效成分）拌种,从播种至灌浆末期,防治效果在95%以上,至乳熟期（收获期）防治效果仍高达74.49%~96.61%;千粒重比未拌种区增加了26.51%~36.55%。综合以上试验结果,吡虫啉拌种控制全生育期小麦蚜虫的经济、有效剂量为有效成分1.0~2.0 g/kg种子,最佳剂量为1.5 g/kg种子。     

金钱树及其研究进展

金钱树依分类学研究属天南星科,为优良室内观叶植物,具块茎和大复叶。其耐干旱和低光照。利用叶片、叶柄扦插是其主要繁殖方式,组织培养技术也已建立。由于其良好的生产和市场潜力,对金钱树的研究增多,包括分类学和资源、生物学特性、繁殖和栽培技术等方面。对近几年的研究进展进行了综合评述,讨论了深入研究的问题和发展前景。     

氮肥基追比和追肥时期对小麦产量的影响

小麦氮肥基追比和追肥时期试验结果表明：适宜的基追肥比例为1∶3及1∶1。追肥时间宜在3月18日-3月28日之间。提高追肥比例会减少穗数和穗粒数,增加千粒重;追施氮肥时间后移会使穗数减少,穗粒数、千粒重增加,灌浆期延长,成熟期推迟。     

Host nutrition and severity of Myrothecium leaf spot of Dieffenbachia maculata ‘Perfection’

The foliage plant Dieffenbachia maculata (Lodd) G. Don ‘Perfection’ was grown with slow-release fertilizer levels from 1120 to 8960 kg N/ha/year (1120 rate = 12 g 19:6:12 per 15 cm pot/year). Height and foliar and root appearances were evaluated and recorded prior to inoculating plants with the fungal pathogen Myrothecium roridum Tode ex. Fries. Plant height increased with fertilizer level up to 2240–3360 kg N/ha/year, but decreased as the rate continued to increase. Foliar quality was primarily quadratic with highest quality plants fertilized at levels ranging from 2240 to 5600 kg N/ha/year. In contrast, root quality was best for plants fertilized at the 1120 and 2240 kg N/ha/year levels, and decreased linearly as fertilizer rate increased. Number of leaf spots increased linearly as fertilizer level increased in four of five tests.     

海南岛花卉种质资源考察报告

1987—1990年考察了海南岛17个县市的花卉资源,共搜集花卉种质859种(变种、品种、型),内含野生种406种,栽培种453种,隶属97科,390属。其中,海南特有种47种,兰科植物东亚特有属3个,海南新记录属5个,新记录种13个;保存活种质713份。这次考察基本摸清了海南岛花卉种质资源的分布、生态、环境、花果期、主要性状和分类名称。最后,推荐十余种观赏价值较高的种类,供研究和利用。