脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺类表面活性剂合成研究

以十四酸、十六酸、硬脂酸和二乙醇胺为原料,NaOH为催化剂,经酯化和水解二步法合成C14、C16、C18脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺类非离子表面活性剂,研究了各类脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺合成条件。测定了产物表面张力并确定了3种产物的临界胶团浓度(cmc),考察了无机盐对系列产物表面张力的影响,并测试了产物的起泡能力。结果表明,C14、C16、C18脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺形成临界胶团的浓度(cmc)分别为10、5、1mg/L,对应的表面张力分别为28.91、27.57、26.15mN/m。无机电解质浓度越高,产物水溶液的表面张力降低得越多,阳离子价态数的高低对产物表面张力影响不大。合成产物的起泡能力不强,但其消泡速率比较小,在0.37～0.6ml/min之间,说明合成产物的稳泡性能较好。     

关于污水处理厂生物浮沫问题的分析

针对污水处理厂生物浮沫现象,总结了生物浮沫的危害,分析了生物浮沫的形成原因,提出了解决办法。     

Quantification of Poinsettia Root Growth by Image Scans or X-ray Computed Tomography Scans in Three Propagation Substrates at Varied Moisture Levels

ABSTRACT

The objective was to refine protocols to quantify rooting of plant cuttings and the water/air microenvironment of substrates using x-ray computed tomography (CT). Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) cuttings were propagated in three substrates (peat, rockwool, and phenolic foam) at varied moisture levels. In Experiment 1, adventitious rooting occurred in cuttings grown in rockwool or foam from 12% to 86% volumetric water content (VWC) and 12% to 80% volumetric air content (VAC). The highest root growth occurred in rockwool at 59% VWC and 33% VAC. There was an advantage to quantifying root growth by CT in rockwool and foam, in contrast to peat, because of clear differences in material density between root and substrate during image processing. In Experiment 2, root growth was quantified in peat by two-dimensional image scans under similar growth chamber environments, with rapid root growth from 52% to 63% VWC and 16% to 26% VAC. In Experiment 3, CT was used to quantify the substrate microenvironment at 0.5 cm slices to further describe the environment at the base of the plant cutting. Rapid rooting occurred in microenvironments above 56% VWC and 14% VAC, whereas the low 3% VAC in foam at high moisture may limit root growth.

Abbreviations: volumetric water content (VWC), volumetric air content (VAC), volumetric solid content (VSC)     

Hyperelastic Constitutive Relations and Finite Element Formulation for Porous Silicone Rubber

The strain energy density function which was decoupled into isochoric parts and volumetric parts is presented for describing mechanical behaviors of compressible porous silicone rubber material,the constitutive model is then attained.The finite element formulation for isotropic hyperelastic porous silicone rubber is developed by use of total Lagrangean method.     

Effective Thermal Conductivity of a New Material of Graphite Foam Based on Fractal Theory

The new material of graphite foam is a good thermal-conductivity material. With fractal theory, the fractal character of this novel porous material is discussed. Then a thermal-conductivity model of graphite foam is proposed. The relationship formula of effective thermal conductivity is presented by using thermal resistance method. The volume fractal dimension and effective thermal conductivity of this material are calculated. This new method for calculation is significant for porous material.     

泡沫炭的制备及应用

泡沫炭(CF)是具有炭特征的海绵状炭材料。泡沫炭以其低密度、耐高温、高机械强度等优异性能而在较多领域展示出巨大应用潜力。对泡沫炭的制备原料、制备方法进行了综述,讨论了制备过程中的影响因素和其结构性能的差异,归纳了泡沫炭的结构、性质和应用,并对泡沫炭未来的发展进行了展望。     

竹材液化树脂发泡材料的性能测试及应用评价

对竹材液化树脂发泡材料及人造板覆面的复合发泡材料的性能进行测试.结果显示:树脂发泡材料的性能优良,表现密度为0.128 g/cm3,压缩强度为0.22 MPa,导热系数为0.032 W/(m·K),氧指数最小值为41.7.制成的水泥纤维板覆面复合发泡材料,隔声效果良好,隔声量为37 dB;竹帘板覆面复合发泡材料达到B1级难燃材料的要求,为市场提供一种全新的建筑墙体材料.     

螺旋藻小分子多肽泡沫分离法最佳工艺参数研究

采用泡沫分离法直接提取螺旋藻藻悬液上清液,并对提取液进行紫外可见光扫描和基质辅助激光解吸飞行时间串联质谱扫描,确定其主要成分为分子量在5 000 D以下的小分子多肽。根据单因素试验结果,综合考虑多肽的溶解率、回收率和提取率3种因素,选取pH=9、料液比1 g/L为最佳工艺参数。以Vc为对照,对其进行抗氧化活性研究。结果表明:提取物中小分子多肽具有还原能力,对2种自由基有不同程度清除作用。当其浓度为10 mg/mL,还原能力达到Vc的81.7%;浓度6 mg/mL,对超氧阴离子的清除率达到47.3%;浓度5 mg/mL,对羟基自由基的清除率为87.93%。     

两级泡沫分离废水中大豆蛋白的工艺

为了有效处理高浓度大豆蛋白废水,在研究初始pH值、表观气速和温度特别是在较高温度（60℃）对泡沫分离大豆蛋白废水效果影响的基础上,建立了可同时提高富集比和回收率的两级泡沫分离工艺。在60℃时,对大豆蛋白质量浓度为4.0 g/L的废水泡沫分离,富集比比常温时提高4倍多。两级泡沫分离工艺中,第一级分离在大豆蛋白质量浓度为4.0 g/L,初始pH值为7.0,表观气速0.133 cm/s,60℃下操作,富集比为7.71,残液作为第二级泡沫分离的进料;第二级分离先在20℃,表观气速0.133 cm/s下进行,待塔顶