Influence of nutrient supply on spring frost hardiness and time of bud break in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings

When spring frosts occur on recently planted forest sites, severe damage may occur to the seedlings. The aim of the present study was to test how different low levels of nutrient concentrations in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings affected spring frost hardiness and time of bud break. Seedlings were grown in a greenhouse for one season and supplied with fertiliser containing 22, 43 and 72 mg N l^–1, respectively. The treatments resulted in needle nitrogen concentrations ranging from 0.9 to 1.8% in autumn. After winter storage at 0 °C, bud break was recorded on seedlings growing in the greenhouse, outdoors and in growth chambers at 12 °C and at 17 °C. Freezing tests were performed on seedlings directly removed from winter storage and following one week growth in the greenhouse. Seedlings receiving fertiliser with 43 mg N l^–1 had less freezing injury than the two other fertilisation treatments in the present study. The earliest bud break occurred in seedlings receiving 72 mg N l^–1.     

Characterization of Stormwater Runoff Pollution in Mountain City

Taking indicators the case of an university campus runoff quality in Main Urban Area of Chongqing, three kinds of stormwater runoff quality were monitored, where indicators included pH, suspended Solids(TSS), chemical oxygen demand(COD), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), total phosphorus(TP), and so on. The results show that the average concentration of stormwater runoff pollutants exceed the fifth level of the environmental quality standards for China except TP, SS concentration of runoff can reach 1 730 mg/L, COD and NH3-N concentration of runoff can reach 76.25 mg/L and 3.67 mg/L; First flush takes effect evidently, and SS、COD、NH3-N first flush concentrations of concrete road surface were 2330mg/L, 106.4mg/L, 5.64mg/L. First flush concentrations were equivalent to 2-4 times of Event Mean Concentrations(EMCs),and the highest concentration value of pollutants appeared when runoff produced 10~15 minutes later。Comparison on runoff quality of three different rainfall intensity, higher intensity was positively correlated with TSS, COD, NH3-N, and TP concentrations,among which rainfall intensity taked greatest effect on runoff pollutants concentration of large slope road.     

A preliminary study of changes in tear film proteins in the feline eye following nictitating membrane removal

Objective To investigate the influence of nictitating membrane (third eyelid) removal on selected proteins in feline tears. Animal studied Domestic short‐haired cats (7–17 months; 2.6–5.2 kg) were used. Procedures Eye‐flush tears were collected periodically for up to 18 weeks from both eyes of animals with nictitating membranes removed, but nictitating gland left intact, (n = 4) or with nictitating membranes intact (n = 4). Tear comparisons were based on total protein content (TPC) using micro bicinchoninic acid assay, immunoglobulin A (IgA), and matrix‐metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9 measurements using sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and tear gelatinase activity using gelatin zymography. Expression of MMP‐2 and ‐9 in nictitating membranes removed at baseline (week 0) and eyes collected at 18 weeks were also investigated in histological sections using immunoperoxidase for visualization. Results Nictitating membrane removal did not significantly change TPC and MMP‐9 in tears within the first 4 weeks. MMP‐9 was not detected by ELISA in tears from eyes without nictitating membranes from week 5 onwards. IgA (%IgA of TPC) data varied between animals. Gelatin zymography showed increased MMP‐2 and ‐9 activity in tears from eyes without nictitating membranes at week 1 and a decrease following week 2 post‐surgery. MMP‐2 and ‐9 were immunolocalised to conjunctival goblet cells of removed nictitating membranes and to the conjunctival epithelium, respectively. After 18 weeks, the distribution of MMPs in tissue was comparable between eyes with and without nictitating membranes. Conclusions Based on this preliminary study, nictitating membrane removal appeared to cause long‐term changes in expression of tear proteins, including reduced MMP‐9 expression.     

Vegetative growth and nutritional status as influenced by auxins and gibberellic acid,and their effect on fruit yield in lemon

Application of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T at concentrations ranging from 5 to 20 mg l^?1 to 5-year-old ‘Pant Lemon-1’ (Citrus limon Burm) trees reduced the vegetative growth in terms of height, spread, shoot length, number and size of the leaves in the autumn flush. Various NAA treatments (5–20 mg l^?1), however, enhanced growth, but not to the extent that was observed after GA₃ treatments. Application of GA₃ at 10–40 mg l^?1 significantly enhanced all aspects of growth, and the effects were most pronounced at 20 and 40 mg l^?1. Nutritional status of the leaves showed a slight variation in relation to vegetative growth under various treatments.Some 2,4-D- and 2,4,5-T-treatments increased the fruit yield over the control, which could suggest mobilization of foods even at the expense of reduced vegetative growth. On the other hand, NAA, particularly at 10 mg l^?1, increased both vegetative growth and yield, suggesting that the transport of the photosynthates from the leaves to the fruits was not at the expense of new growth extension. Due to excessive growth enhancement under higher concentrations of GA₃ (20 and 40 mg l^?1), comparatively fewer nutrients were translocated to the fruit “sinks”, thereby resulting in a non-significant decrease in yield.     

‘吉尔’杧果秋梢生长规律及母枝质量与开花的关系

为了解‘吉尔’杧果秋梢生长规律及结果母枝质量与开花率的关系,应用调查研究和数理统计的方法,对‘吉尔’杧果采后一次秋梢与二次秋梢,结果母枝质量与末级梢成花率及花序大小的关系进行分析。分析结果表明：一次秋梢直径对二次秋梢直径和一次秋梢叶面积对二次秋梢叶面积有显著影响。随二次秋梢直径增粗,二次秋梢叶片数和叶面积增加;随二次秋梢长度加长,二次秋梢叶片数和叶面积增加。末级梢成花率与结果母枝直径为负相关关系,随结果母枝直径增粗,末级梢成花率下降;要获得80%~85%的末级梢成花率,结果母枝直径应在0.48~0.51 cm左右;花序体积与结果母枝直径关系最密切,与结果母枝长度、叶片数、叶面积也有显著相关。     

竹木复合材料的研究

竹木复合材所用原料为毛竹、杨木夹板.其中,组坯方式按年份分为两年、三年和四年三种,毛竹经过碾压机碾压成竹帘后再与杨木夹板进行混合铺装.本实验主要研究不同年份、不同摆放方向和不同厚度的竹帘对竹木复合材的抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量和平面抗拉强度的影响,结果表明,抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量受年份和竹帘厚度的影响比平面抗拉强度所受的影响要小;9mm竹帘的竹木复合材料的平面抗拉强度受不同年份竹材的影响明显.     

Seasonal changes and the effects of fertiliser on some chemical,biochemical and microbiological characteristics of high-producing pastoral soil

Summary A 2-year study (1983–1984 to 1984–1985) was conducted to estimate temporal and seasonal changes and the effects of fertiliser on some soil chemical, biochemical and microbiological characteristics. The soil used was a Typic Vitrandept under grazed pasture. Soil samples were taken regularly to a depth of 75 mm from paired unfertilised and fertilised (500 kg ha^– 30% potassic superphosphate) plots. Except for organic C, fertiliser had little or no effect on the characteristics measured. Organic C averaged about 9.2% in unfertilised soil and was about 0.3% higher in the fertilised soil. The size of the microbial biomass fluctuated widely in the 1st year (3000 g C g^–1 in February to 1300 g C g^–1 in September) but there was less variation in the 2nd year (range 1900 g C g^–1 to 2500 g C g^–1 soil). CO₂ production values (10- to 20-day estimates averaged 600 g of CO₂-C g^–1 soil) were generally higher in spring compared to the rest of the year. Water extractable C increased over winter and declined through spring in both years (range 50 g C g^–1 soil to 150 g C g^–1 soil). Mineral-N flush values were higher in summer (300 g N g^–1 soil) and lower in winter months (200 g N g^–1 soil). The pattern of variation of microbial N values was one of gradual accumulation followed by rapid decline. This rapid decline in values occurred in spring and autumn (range 130–220 g N g^–1 soil). N mineralisation and bicarbonate-extractable N showed no clear trend; these values ranged from 100–200 and 122–190 g N g^–1 soil, respectively. There was a significant correlation (0.1%) between N mineralisation and bicarbonate-extractable N in the late summer-autumn-early winter period (February–August) in both years but not in spring. These results and their relationships to climatic factors and rates of pasture production are discussed.     

合流制排水系统降雨径流污染物特征及初期冲刷效应

合流制排水系统降雨期间高污染溢流污水直接排入水体对水体质量有明显影响,其径流污染物输出特征和初期冲刷效应受排水区类型、面积、降雨特性等多种因素影响。为此,选取昆明市典型合流制排水系统明通河流域不同类型集水区进行降雨径流监测,研究合流制排水系统降雨径流污染物输出特征及初期冲刷效应。结果表明：合流制排水系统初期合流污水污染物质量浓度明显高于后期,不同污染物输出特征、形态差别较大,溶解态氮是N污染物的主要赋存形态,而P污染物主要以颗粒态形态存在。管道沉积物是合流污水重要的污染来源。年内次降雨污染物平均质量浓度以雨季初期降雨最高,中期降雨质量浓度最低,雨季后期质量浓度较中期略有上升。不同类型集水区N、P质量浓度排序为：居民区〉城市综合型〉综合型〉城郊结合型。降雨量是影响初期冲刷效应的关键因素,雨量大的降雨初期冲刷效应明显。