高温胁迫对水稻灌浆结实期叶绿素荧光、抗活性氧活力和稻米品质的影响

选用西农优30和富优1号两个水稻品种, 在灌浆结实期利用人工气候室进行高温处理, 测定叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数、抗活性氧活力的动态及成熟稻米的营养品质。结果表明, 高温胁迫下水稻叶片叶绿素含量降低, 叶绿素荧光参数初始荧光(F_o)明显上升, PS II的潜在活性(F_v/F_o)和PS II的最大光能转化效率(F_v/F_m)均低于对照, 呈下降趋势; 灌浆结实后期F_v/F_o和F_v/F_m的下降速率最快; 灌浆结实后期抗氧化活力低于对照。同时, 高温胁迫下的成熟稻米总淀粉及直链淀粉含量降低, 蛋白质含量升高, 垩白度上升而千粒重下降。高温胁迫下光合作用的原初反应被抑制, 抗活性氧活力降低, 水稻叶片功能期缩短, 可能是稻米品质降低的重要原因。     

水胁迫声发射自动监测系统在苗木培育中的应用

在水胁迫声发射监测系统建立的基础上,以杨树苗木为对象,研究了杨树苗木茎部声发射信号作为植株需水信息,利用该信息控制电磁阀的开闭来控制灌溉阀门的起停.研究结果表明:应用该系统能够既不影响植株生长,又能达到节水的效果.     

Karyotype analysis and physical mapping of 45S rRNA genes in Hydrangea species by fluorescence in situ hybridization

Detailed karyotypes of Hydrangea macrophylla, Hydrangea paniculata and Hydrangea quercifolia were constructed on the basis of arm lengths and centromeric index, together with 45S rDNA fluorescence in situ hybridization. Although the chromosomes were small, they were well distinguishable for all species. Chromosome morphology and karyotypes were different for the three species. H. macrophylla had six metacentric (M), eight submetacentric (SM) and four subtelocentric (ST) chromosomes. The karyotype of H. paniculata contained seven M, 10 SM and one ST chromosomes and H. quercifolia had six M, 10 SM and two ST chromosomes. The variability among three species also was expressed by 45S rDNA signals. H. macrophylla had a nucleolar organizing region on chromosome 2, H. paniculata had 45S rDNA signals on chromosomes 2, 5 and 11 and H. quercifolia on chromosomes 3 and 8. Hybridization signal always was distally on the short arm but the strength of the signals was different for the three species. The chromosome portraits made in this study will be used to trace chromosome behaviour in interspecific hybrids resulting from breeding work between the three species.     

逐渐干旱对牡丹光合和荧光特性的影响

（研究目的） 研究逐渐干旱条件下牡丹光合指标及荧光特性变化。（方法）以胡红、洛阳红两种牡丹品种为试验材料,进行土壤逐渐干旱处理,从牡丹光合响应、气体交换、叶绿素荧光参数的变化来研究牡丹光合与荧光特性。（结果）随着土壤水分胁迫的加剧,叶片的净光合速率（Pn）和气孔导度（Gs）下降,胞间CO2浓度（Ci）升高,干旱降低牡丹净光合作用、限制气体交换。（结论）75%的土壤相对含水量最适合牡丹的生长,同时发现与干旱胁迫相比,水分过多更不利牡丹的生长。不同品种间比较发现,胡红比洛阳红更耐旱,适应性更广     

Preliminary Study on the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Super Hybrid Rice P88S/0389

[Objective] The aim of this study is to understand the high yield often photosynthetic mechanism of super hybrid rice P88S/0389.[Method] Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were measured via the method of Wellburn and Lichtenthaler,and the photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured using portable photosynthesis system.Through comparison of above measured indices between P88S/0389 and its parents,the photosynthetic characteristics were obtained.[Result] The pigment content of P88S/0389 lied between their parents,and detailedly was closer to its female parent at earlier growth stage and to its male parent at latter stage,respectively.The Pn,Fv/Fo,Fv/Fm and qP of the flag leaf of P88S/0389 were all higher than those of its parents,while the degradation rates of these parameters were slower than those of its parents.The qN of flag leaf was lower than those of its parents,and the increasing rate of qN of P88S/0389 was also slower than those of its parents,indicating the great heterosis of P88S/0389 to its parents in photosynthetic capacity.The data show that P88S/0389 is endowed with stronger capacities in light energy absorption,transformation and carbon fixation compared to its parents.[Conclusion] The light energy absorbed by hybrid mainly contributes to photochemical reaction,and little for heat dissipation.For ensuring high yield,the rice cultivars selected for production should synchronously possess higher photosynthetic rate and longer high value duration.     

水分胁迫对牡丹光合和荧光特性的影响(英文)

[Objective] Study on the photosynthesis and fluorescence characteristics in peony under water stress. [Method] The two peony varieties Huhong and Luoyanghong were treated by different water stress for determining the photosynthesis and fluorescence characteristics. [Result] With the aggravation of water stress,the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) decreased,while the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) increased. Drought could decrease Pn,constrain gas exchange and change the daily photosynthesis. Fo of peony leaf increased and Fv/Fm decreased under water stress especially water logging,causing the inactivation of the PS II reaction center,and the chlorophyll fluorescence characters gradually recovered until afternoon. [Conclusion] The 75% soil relative water content (SRWC) is the best condition for growth of peony. Compared with drought,water logging is more unfit for the growth of peony. For the two varieties,Huhong assumed more tolerance to drought,accordingly more adaptability.     

固体核磁共振法对低甲醛释放脲醛树脂化学结构的研究

在采用液体核磁对3种低甲醛释放脲醛树脂化学构造进行分析的基础上,利用13CCP/MASNMR对脲醛树脂固化产物的化学结构进行了研究.结果表明,不同固化体系下,3种低甲醛释放脲醛树脂胶黏剂的固化历程不同,固化后树脂的结构有所差别.不添加固化剂时,脲醛树脂的固化交联反应程度低,固化产物中羟甲基含量高,甲醛释放量也随之增加.加入固化剂后,促进了羟甲基的固化交联反应,脲醛树脂固化产物中羟甲基含量普遍降低.3种固化体系下,UF-3羟甲基含量最高;在氯化铵为固化剂的条件下,UF-2羟甲基含量最低,为0.0582;不添加固化剂和复合固化体系条件下,UF-1羟甲基含量最低,分别为0.0784和0.0713.不同固化体系对不同种类脲醛树脂的固化效果不同,固化后树脂的结构不同,其力学性能和甲醛释放能力也不同.     

高温胁迫对水稻剑叶净光合速率和叶绿素荧光参数的影响

对两个耐热性不同的水稻材料进行高温处理(8:00-17:00,37℃;17:00-8:00,30℃),研究了高温胁迫对水稻剑叶净光合速率和叶绿索荧光参数的影响.结果表明,高温胁迫下两个材料的剑叶光合速率迅速降低,热敏感的4628比耐热的996下降幅度更大.高温下 996 PSⅡ反应中心和天线系统受到的伤害轻,反应中心过...     

不同C/N比对堆肥腐熟度和含氮气体排放变化的影响

NH_3和N_2O等含氮气体的排放不仅对堆肥腐熟度和堆肥产品的品质产生影响,同时也与环境污染有直接关系.本研究以猪粪和玉米秸秆为堆肥原料,采用好氧堆肥的方法,探讨了不同C/N比对堆肥腐熟度及NH_3和N_2O等含氮气体排放变化的影响.结果表明,C/N比为15、20、25和30处理的高温期持续时间分别为2、5、13和12 d;C/N比为25处理的堆肥积温最高,达21 331℃·h,较C/N比为15、20和30处理的堆肥积温分别提高了89.3%、21.9%和7.14%.堆肥结束时.各处理的全碳降解率以C/N比为25的最大,达24.55%;全氮含量除C/N比15下降了9%之外,其他堆肥处理均较堆制前有明显提高;除C/N比为15堆肥的种子发芽率未达到腐熟外,其他3个处理腐熟度指标均达到要求.氨气累积释放量随C/N比的升高依次降低;各处理N_2O的排放量差异不大,堆肥高温期N_2O排放通量最火,随着堆肥的进行,排放量逐渐减少.     

不同菜地土壤硝化与反硝化活性

硝化作用和反硝化作用是氮素气态损失的主要途径,在实验室培养条件下,研究了3种菜地土壤之间硝化反硝化活性的差异,反硝化作用利用乙炔抑制培养法对其进行测定.结果表明,培养33 d后红泥土、灰沙土和灰泥土的氮素硝化率均很高,分别为96.1%、88.3%和70.4%,其中红泥土与灰泥土的硝化率差异达到了极显著水平(P<0.01),而灰沙土与红泥土、灰泥土之间的差异不显著(P>0.05).pH值最高和最低的菜地土壤其硝化率分别表现出最高和最低,值得注意的是,在pH4.61条件下灰泥土的硝化率可达70.4%.氮肥的施用显著或极显著增加了 3种土壤硝化过程的N_2O排放量,占施氮量的0.59%～0.70%.3种菜地土壤之间氮肥的反硝化活性表现为灰泥土>红泥土>灰沙土,其差异也极显著(P<0.01),氮肥的反硝化损失量占施氮量的-0.02%～0.20%.土壤硝化和反硝化氮素损失累积量随时间t的变化均符合修正的Elovich方程:y=bln(t)+a.