多年生黑麦草P5CS基因的定点突变及其在拟南芥中的转化

 在前期克隆获得Lp5CS基因的全长ｃＤＮＡ 序列基础上,采用ＰＣＲ 扩增技术对多年生黑麦草脯氨酸合成酶基因p5CS的定点突变体系进行了探讨,并运用农杆菌转化技术对突变后的基因进行了功能验证。根据突变位点序列设计一对引物,使用Ｐｆｕ高保真ＤＮＡ 聚合酶和超级感受态细胞ＤＭＴ,通过ＰＣＲ 扩增,获得含有所要突变位点的犔狆犘５犆犛Ｆ１２８Ａ,定向克隆入真核表达载体ｐＣＡＭＢＩＡ１３００中,转化拟南芥验证基因功能。结果表明,预期位点上发生了突变,Lp5CS编码的第１２８位密码子已由苯丙氨酸残基（Ｐｈｅｎｙｌａｌａｎｉｎｅ,简称Ｐｈｅ或Ｆ）变为丙氨酸残基（Ａｌａｎｉｎｅ,Ａｌａ）,证明用ＰＣＲ 技术已成功地使Lp5CS基因发生定点突变。转基因拟南芥Ｔ１ 代植株进行ＰＣＲ和ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ检测,获得４个转基因阳性株系。拟南芥Ｔ２代植株经１００ ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮａＣｌ处理７ｄ后,转基因株系脯氨酸含量分别为４２６２和５６２３μｇ／ｇＦＷ,显著高于野生型株系的２５８１μｇ／ｇＦＷ。说明转基因株系能积累更多地脯氨酸。     

广西4种主要果树花期蓟马种类调查

为了解芒果、荔枝、龙眼和柑橘四种果树花期蓟马发生种类,对广西境内上述4种果树主产区花期蓟马进行了采集调查。结果表明,4种果树花期分别采集到蓟马6848头、4078头、4427头和3790头,经形态特征结合分子生物学手段鉴定,共有12种蓟马,隶属于锯尾亚目（Terebrantia）蓟马科（Thripidae）5属10种和管尾亚目（Tubulifera）管蓟马科（Phlaeothripidae）1属2种。其中芒果花12种,荔枝花5种,龙眼花6种和柑橘花7种。黄胸蓟马T. hawaiiensis在调查的4种果树花期蓟马中均为优势种,占比分别为38.38%,69.10%,51.66%和48.23%。本研究初步对广西4种主要果树花期蓟马种类组成进行了调查,确立了优势种,为今后蓟马的有效防治提供理论参考。     

Phenotypic and genotypic traits of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from pig carcasses

A total of 142 S. aureus strains isolated from pig carcasses from abattoirs A (n = 98) and B (n = 44) were characterized by phenotypic and genotypic traits. Phenotypically, 96% showed yellow-pigmented colonies, 63% β/δ hemolysis, 85% were egg yolk-positive and 99% were positive for clumping factor/protein A. Only 25% of the strains were resistant to the antimicrobials tested (abattoir A: 19%; abattoir B: 39%), especially to penicillin and ampicillin. None of the strains harbored the mecA gene, which is conserved in methicillin-resistant S. aureus. The biofilm associated genes icaA, icaD and bap were present in 100%, 100% and 0% of the strains. Genes for staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) were detected in 51% (abattoir A) and 14% of the strains (abattoir B). Among strains harboring SE genes (n = 56), 63%, 31%, 4% and 2% tested positive for seg/sei, seg, sei and sec, respectively. The amplification of the 3′ end of the coagulase gene (coa) yielded amplicons of 400, 436, 602, 682 or 776 bp. Coa restriction profile (CRP) analysis using HaeIII resulted in seven patterns (a–d, e1–e3). CRP (c) was detected most frequently at both abattoirs, whereas CRP (a) was restricted to abattoir A and CRP (e3) to abattoir B. In the slaughter process (abattoir B), (i) two CRPs (b and d) were only found before dehairing/singeing, and (ii) four CRPs (c, e1–e3) were identified throughout the process. The genotyping revealed a remarkable homogeneity in S. aureus strains from the two different abattoirs and the slaughter process stages. These results may be explained by the distribution of a limited number of S. aureus genotypes in the pig population. Moreover, as the predominant CRPs (c, e1–e3) persisted throughout the slaughter process in abattoir B, it may be hypothesized that these types are characterized by colonization advantages.     

Attribute selection and model evaluation for the maternal and paternal imprinted genes in bovine (Bos Taurus) using supervised machine learning algorithms

Imprinted genes display biased expression of paternal and maternal alleles in mammals. They are marked through epigenetic process during gametogenesis. Characterization of imprinted genes has expanded our understanding of the regulation and function of genes. In the current study, 22 experimentally validated imprinted genes in bovine (Bos Taurus) were analysed. Several supervised machine learning algorithms and attribute weighting methods were used to find characteristics of different types of imprinted genes and suggest a classification method for finding maternally and paternally expressed genes in bovine. For assessing the best model and comparing attributes in other organisms, we have also conducted a comparative analysis for human and sheep imprinted genes. According to the results of the present study, GC contents 10 and 100 kb upstream, Gly and Gln amino acids, Ile/ATC codon usage, LINE and SINE in 100kbup and length of first intron were significantly different between the maternal and paternal genes in cattle. Considering all species together, we found that GC content 100 kb up, LINE 100 kb up and the frequency of amino acids like Gly, Gln and Met were the most important attributes for identifying the paternal and maternal imprinted genes. These findings could imply conservation pattern in the attributes among these species.     

定植时期对菠萝自然开花及结果的影响

以400g 左右的金菠萝大吸芽为材料,研究了不同定植时期（4月,6月,8月,10月）金菠萝植株生长状况、自然开花及结果情况进行了研究,结果表明：金菠萝大吸芽的定植时期影响其自然开花,4月和6月定植的金菠萝,自然开花率分别为95%和90%,8月为55%,10月为1%。4月和6月定植的所结果实在1kg以上,8月和10月定植的达不到商品要求。10月份定植金菠萝大吸芽可以有效预防自然开花现象的发生,8月份不适宜定植金菠萝大吸芽。     

德昌地区早春中华蜜蜂采集活动的格局

蜜蜂出巢采集活动的格局与蜂群自身和外界环境条件密切相关。在德昌地区,早春已有较多植物开花,但受温度影响蜜蜂全天活动时间较短。不同蜂群出巢蜂数量的时间格局在相同日期极为相似,而在不同日期间存在变化,但均表现为单峰格局。群势是影响外出蜂数量的主要因素,群势越大则出巢采集蜂越多;观测蜂群全天出巢频次在2 718～6 858。建议充分利用出巢蜂活动格局研究蜜蜂行为和指导蜂群管理。     

猪轮回杂交的杂种优势之辩证

文章辩证地分析了猪轮回杂交的利与弊。作者指出：畜禽经济杂交在实践中应用的各类方法都有其适用范围和局限性。只要掌握了杂种优势的基本原理以及获得杂种优势的方法,就能在生产实践中扬长避短,将轮回杂交的缺点降到最低,并将其优点发挥到极致。     

2011年中国北方H9N2亚型禽流感病毒分离株HA基因进化分析及受体结合性检测

为了解近期中国北方禽源H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)流行规律及分子遗传进化特征,本实验对2011年在中国北方家禽中分离到的11株H9N2亚型AIV通过RT-PCR扩增病毒的HA基因片段,进行测序及遗传进化分析,并对这些病毒的受体结合性进行了检测.结果表明:11株H9N2亚型AIV分离株的HA基因在HA1和HA2的氨基酸裂解位点均为PSRSSR/GLF基序,符合低致病性病毒株氨基酸序列特征.多数病毒HA潜在糖基化位点为8个,所有分离株病毒的受体结合位点226位均为L,经红细胞受体结合性试验验证表明这些病毒均同时具有α-2,3和α-2,6受体结合特性,表明目前北方地区流行的H9N2亚型AIV具有感染哺乳动物的潜在威胁.本研究结果对加强H9N2病毒的分子流行病学监测具有重要意义.     

国家基础兽药数据库系统的建设及思考

分析了目前国家兽药数据库存在的准确性、时效性、关联性等方面的不足,提出了整合资源、制定数据采集标准、设置分级管理、实现关联共享等建议,制订了分阶段、分步骤实施的具体措施,旨在推进国家基础兽药数据库系统建设。