Components of Flower Pigments in Petals of Lily

This paper carried on a preliminary study on pigment composition of lilies of different colors by means of specific color reactions and UV-visible spectra.The results showed that the colors of lilies were usually caused by the combined action of several pigments;yellow and orange lilies mainly contained the flavonoids and carotenoids;pink lilies mainly contained flavonoids and anthocyanins,and white lilies contained small amount of flavonoids.     

新疆与美国早实核桃(Juglans regia L.)品种生长结实与成花特性比较

以引进的美国核桃品种‘维纳’、‘艾米格’和新疆本地品种‘温185’和‘新新2号’为试材,研究分析不同品种的植物学和生物学特性、花芽分化过程以及相关成花基因的表达。结果显示:4个品种在树体生长、枝芽发育特性、物侯期以及成花率和坐果率方面没有明显差异。在结果枝同一坐果部位形成双果、三果或以上的能力‘新新2号’明显强于‘维纳’,但‘新新2号’的果实大小和单果重都低于‘维纳’,而‘维纳’平均结果母枝上形成侧花芽的数量和坐果率高于‘新新2号’。从萌芽到开花结束直至当年侧芽发育过程中‘维纳’混合芽中的JrFT和JrLFY基因表达也高于‘新新2号’,而同时期的JrFLC基因表达则相对较低,说明‘维纳’在花芽分化和花器官形成过程中通过高表达JrFT和JrLFY基因,低表达JrFLC基因促进结果母枝上形成大量侧花芽,并利用大量侧花芽抽生结果枝坐果,形成较大的果实,使得最终产量并不低于同一个坐果部位大量着生2个或多个果实的‘新新2号’品种。     

High night-time temperature during flowering and pod filling affects flower opening,yield and seed fatty acid composition in canola

Winter canola (Brassica napus L.) is highly sensitive to increasing temperatures during the reproductive and pod-filling stages. Although the impact of high day-time temperature stress on yield and quality has been documented in canola, similar information under high night-time temperature (HNT) stress is not available. Using six hybrids and four open-pollinated cultivars, we observed a marked shift in peak flowering towards earlier, cooler hours of the morning under HNT. Averaged across two independent experiments, the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II was significantly decreased (3%), with a significant increase in thylakoid membrane damage (13%) in the leaves of susceptible cultivars under HNT stress. Similarly, the susceptible cultivars also recorded significant reduction in biomass (34%), pod number (22%), pod weight (37%) and total seed weight (40%) per plant while the same set of agronomic traits were not affected among the tolerant cultivars. Quantitative impact of heat stress was confirmed with increased sensitivity to HNT exposure from gametogenesis until maturity resulting in a significantly higher yield loss compared to stress exposure from post-flowering till maturity. HNT significantly decreased oil concentration, but increased protein concentration and saturated fatty acid levels in seeds of the susceptible cultivars. However, HNT had no impact on the unsaturated fatty acids in both hybrids and the open-pollinated cultivars. Breeding targets based on fatty acid composition for enhancing canola seed quality may not be easily amenable due to the inconsistency documented with the compositional changes under heat stress. In summary, our findings conclude that canola hybrids are better suited to regions experiencing heat stress, compared to open-pollinated cultivars, indicating the possibility of a complete shift to hybrid canola cultivation under predicted hotter climates in the future.     

垂叶榕瘿花发育特性的初步研究

研究榕属植物瘿花发育特性是理解榕树/榕小蜂协同进化内在机制的重要内容。本文解析了垂叶榕隐头花序伴随瘿花发育的 5 个发育时期，采用同工酶电泳的方法比较了瘿花与正常雌花同工酶（包括过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、淀粉酶和酯酶）谱带的差异，采用扫描电镜对比了瘿花壁与授粉后雌花子房壁的差异。结果表明，瘿花被榕小蜂产卵以后，至少启动了一个与消除过氧化物有关的酶；而且，瘿花子房壁结构疏松，内含物小而少，雌花子房壁结构致密且内含物多而大，说明瘿花发育所消耗的营养物质大于正常雌花发育的消耗。研究结果支持造瘿生物汇集营养与植物防御行为的互利假说。     

木棉雄蕊特征与其繁殖策略的关系分析

采用野外观察和实验室检测方法,对云南省个旧市冷墩村的木棉花部结构、雄蕊特征、花粉活性进行研究。结果表明,自然种群中花部形态特征具有一定变异性,3层雄蕊变异系数大小关系显著。在湿度为60%、温度为35℃时花粉活性最强。研究发现,木棉雄蕊长短变化可能有利于不同传粉生物传粉效率提高和增强适应性;木棉高层雄蕊花药个体大、花粉数量多、活性高,适应干热河谷传粉繁殖条件;温度较低时,底层花药花粉活力相对较高,可为逆境环境下木棉高层花药受损后提供后备花粉源。文章就木棉花部形态与繁殖关系、木棉形态及花粉活力对繁殖的影响进行讨论。     

莫氏兰的品种选育和栽培技术研究

对从新加坡引进的莫氏兰进行适应性栽培。筛选出Mokara Adisa、M. Red、M. Dinah Shore、M. Chittl Orange Spot、M. Chao Praya Gold、M. Chao Praya Boy、M. Chark Kuan Pink、M. Kitiya共8个适宜在海南省三亚市栽培的莫氏兰优良切花品种，并对莫氏兰优良品种的主要栽培技术进行介绍。     

东京野茉莉花色成分的初步研究

对东京野茉莉花色成分进行了初步的探究。结果表明:通过特征颜色反应和光谱扫描说明了其花瓣细胞内有异黄酮、儿茶精类,还有叶绿素a、b,可能含有胡萝卜素、黄酮类化合物,以及无色花色素,可能不含查耳酮或橙酮。     

Effects of cerium on the antioxidant defence system in the petals and the contents of pigments in the calyces of Rosa chinensis Jacq. cut flower

To study the role of cerium (Ce) in regulating the vase life of Rosa chinensis Jacq. cut flowers, the effects of cerium nitrate (Ce(NO₃)₃) on the activities of antioxidant enzymes, the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in the petals, and the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids in the calyces were investigated. The results showed that Ce(NO₃)₃ evidently enhanced the activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and evidently decreased the contents of MDA and H₂O₂ in the petals, compared with the control. Moreover, Ce(NO₃)₃ evidently increased the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids in the calyces. The results also showed that Ce(NO₃)₃ evidently increased the numbers of open flowers and decreased the numbers of wilted flowers. Our results suggest that Ce(NO₃)₃ extended the vase life of R. chinensis Jacq. cut flower by improving the antioxidant defence system in the petals and the contents of pigments in the calyces.     

论禅宗思想在艺术设计中的运用

指出了“禅”从印度传入中国，与中国的传统文化相结合产生了禅宗文化。艺术设计师们运用禅宗思想进行艺术设计，使禅意设计渗透到园林、服装、陶器、家居、广告、包装等许多艺术领域。分析了禅宗思想的精神内涵和掌握禅意设计的意境营造、物象型塑、符号联想等基本手法，提出了将禅意元素运用于艺术设计，可以将艺术作品推向更高的精神境界，并最终美化我们的生活空间。     

教学督导听课技巧与评课策略分析——督导听课心得

通过3位优秀教师的讲课风格诠释了授课艺术,通过自己督导期间听课实践总结出听课技巧;吸纳前人经验,提出评课策略及应该注意的问题。