浅谈闽南-台湾浅滩渔场渔业资源可持续利用

本文利用有关资料和数据对闽南-台浅渔场相关渔业资源的利用现状和存在问题进行了分析、研究和讨论,并就如何加强和保持闽南-台浅渔场渔业资源可持续利用提出相应的对策和措施。     

水电开发背景下长江上游保护区珍稀特有鱼类保护实践

鉴于金沙江下游水电工程可能对“长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区”产生的生态影响,规划由中国长江三峡集团公司投资3.82亿元用于保护区的生态补偿。截至2013年底,各项工作均已按计划落实并取得显著成果。科学研究方面,已从“珍稀特有鱼类生活史和人工繁殖技术”、“保护区环境因子变动特征及其对鱼类的影响”、“鱼类保护生物学与保护效果评估研究”、“水利工程建设与鱼类保护协调发展对策研究”四个方面开展了一系列科研项目,并在几种特有鱼类人工繁殖方面取得重要突破。增殖放流方面,完成3个鱼类增殖放流站的建设,仅向家坝放流站就已累计放流珍稀特有鱼类72万尾。水生态监测方面,自2006年起每年开展保护区水生态系统尤其是鱼类资源的监测工作,8年间共监测到达氏鲟和胭脂鱼2种珍稀鱼类及46种特有鱼类。金沙江下游二期水电工程阶段,三峡集团计划进一步加强投入,在开展长期监测的基础上,因地制宜地制定和推行符合该保护区特点的适应性管理对策,促进水电开发与生态保护协调发展。     

Status quo and prospects of fishing technology of ocean fishery of China

报道了我国大洋渔业技术现状,评述了技术水平、发展趋势,分析渔业技术存在的问题,提出了大洋渔业可持续发展应当进行的研究课题及建议。     

Opportunities to improve fisheries management through innovative technology and advanced data systems

Fishery‐dependent data are integral to sustainable fisheries management. A paucity of fishery data leads to uncertainty about stock status, which may compromise and threaten the economic and food security of the users dependent upon that stock and increase the chances of overfishing. Recent developments in the technology available to collect, manage and analyse fishery‐relevant data provide a suite of possible solutions to update and modernize fisheries data systems and greatly expand data collection and analysis. Yet, despite the proliferation of relevant consumer technology, integration of technologically advanced data systems into fisheries management remains the exception rather than the rule. In this study, we describe the current status, challenges and future directions of high‐tech data systems in fisheries management in order to understand what has limited their adoption. By reviewing the application of fishery‐dependent data technology in multiple fisheries sectors globally, we show that innovation is stagnating as a result of lack of trust and cooperation between fishers and managers. We propose a solution based on a transdisciplinary approach to fishery management that emphasizes the need for collaborative problem‐solving among stakeholders. In our proposed system, data feedbacks are a key component to effective fishery data systems, ensuring that fishers and managers collect, have access to and benefit from fisheries data as they work towards a mutually agreed‐upon goal. A new approach to fisheries data systems will promote innovation to increase data coverage, accuracy and resolution, while reducing costs and allowing adaptive, responsive, near real‐time management decision‐making to improve fisheries outcomes.     

河北省渔业经济产业结构现状分析及优化对策

文章以中国渔业统计年鉴2004～ 2013的统计数据为依据,对河北省渔业经济产业结构的现状进行分析,发现河北省渔业经济三次产业结构不合理,渔业经济过度依赖第一产业,整体上处于发展的低级阶段.提出：缺乏资金和技术;三次产业投资结构不合理;第二、三产业专业化水平低是河北省渔业经济产业结构的主要问题.最后提出要优化渔业经济产业结构应该从科技兴渔、加大对第二、三产业的投资力度、培育产业龙头企业、完善渔业社会化服务体系、大力发展休闲渔业等方面着手.     

渔业协会、渔村社区组织及其渔业资源管理功能

改革开放以来,随着渔业经济的快速发展,我国的渔业发展面一临着渔业资源严重枯竭、渔业监管困难、渔民收入增长幅度放缓等诸多问题。为此学术界在渔业资源管理方法上提出了许多意见,同时也存在着一些分歧。文章通过理论推演,结合文献数据,探讨了渔村社区组织与我国渔业协会的关系,分析了包括渔业协会在内的渔村社区组织对渔业资源管理的作用,通过对代表性渔业资源管理理论的利弊分析,剖析了渔民协会等渔村社区组织的渔业资源管理职能。同时指出由于渔业协会在资源管理中具有重要作用,但因其自身也存在着一定局限性,因此,培育渔业协会、完善其资源管理职能,实行基于渔业协会等渔村社区组织的合作管理也就成为我国加强渔业资源管理的一种制度选择。     

我国渔业产品质量安全管理机制的构建与完善

当前,食品质量安全问题已经引起了包括政府、生产经营者、消费者和媒体等社会各界人士的全面关注和高度重视。鉴于渔业产品在我国农产品中的重要地位及其丰富的营养价值,为解决渔业产品质量安全管理问题,本研究基于我国特殊的渔业国情,从经济学和管理学角度出发,构建和完善适合我国国情的渔业产品质量安全管理机制。     

Recruitment abundance index of Pacific bluefin tuna using fisheries data on juveniles

ABSTRACT:   The recruitment abundance index of Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis was estimated from 1980 to 2003 fishing year by using the troll fishery data in Nagasaki Prefecture, western Japan. It has been shown that the troll fishery in Nagasaki Prefecture operates with good time–area coverage of the species habitat, and that the fishing power slightly changed during the period analyzed, based on fisheries statistics, published information, and interviews with the fishers. Average catch per unit effort (CPUEs) were standardized by a generalized linear model (GLM) considering the effects of fishing year, season and landing area. Standardized CPUE of age-0 bluefin tuna showed larger fluctuations year by year than the nominal CPUE combined for all ages. High CPUEs in fishing years of 1981, 1994, 1996 and 1999 were observed. Data from these years agreed with the higher recruitments estimated by virtual population analysis (VPA) or higher catch of age-0 fish reported for the Pacific side. The age-specific standardized CPUE of age-0 bluefin tuna in this study was judged to be a useful indicator of recruitment.     

"3S技术"在海洋渔业中的应用

本文介绍了遥感技术、地理信息系统和全球定位系统等"3S"技术的相关理论,对其在渔业捕捞、渔业养殖、海洋环境监测、渔船导航等领域的应用进行探讨,并简要阐述了"3S"技术在海洋渔业中的综合应用前景,为其在海洋渔业的开发利用提供理论依据.     

Social and financial aspects of the artisanal fisheries of Middle São Francisco River, Minas Gerais, Brazil

The presence or absence of motorized boats, partnerships and multispecies catches characterize the fisheries of São Francisco River, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Fishing activity based on 109 interviews, carried out in the wet (high water: February and March) and dry (low water: July and August) seasons, with professional fishermen are described. Aiming to identify the fishery income components, a covariance model was proposed, with the income as the response variable, related to the factors: fishing ground; use of motorized or paddle boat; seasonality; presence of fishing assistant; and the following covariates: capture in weight in the week prior to the interview; fisherman experience in yrs; and distance (km) travelled for fishing. The results indicated that the main contributions to income were the absence of an engine (because of high price of the fuel), the absence of a partner (because of low capture) and the amount of fish caught by the fishermen.