How commercial fishing effort is managed

Wild capture fisheries produce 90 million tonnes of food each year and have the potential to provide sustainable livelihoods for nearly 40 million people around the world ( http://www.fao.org/3/a-i5555e.pdf ). After decades of overfishing since industrialization, many global fish stocks have recovered, a change brought about through effective management. We provide a synthetic overview of three approaches that managers use to sustain stocks: regulating catch and fishing mortality, regulating effort and regulating spatial access. Within each of these approaches, we describe common restrictions, how they alter incentives to change fishing behaviour, and the resultant ecological, economic and community‐level outcomes. For each approach, we present prominent case‐studies that illustrate behaviour and the corresponding performance. These case‐studies show that sustaining target stocks requires a hard limit on fishing mortality under most conditions, but that additional measures are required to generate economic benefits. Different systems for allocation allow stakeholder communities to strike a locally acceptable balance between profitability and employment.     

Added value from an added chromosome: Potential of producing large fillet fish from autumn to spring with triploid rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss

Three‐summers‐old all‐female triploid and diploid rainbow trout were compared after one on‐growing season in sea net cages. Slaughter traits of round weight, gutted weight, fillet weight, carcass% and fillet% were measured at three times in November 2017, January and April 2018. The triploid group had lower daily growth coefficient mean (4.25) and higher feed conversion ratio (1.18) than diploids (4.48 and 1.05, respectively) during on‐growing (June–November). In November, no difference of means was found between mature or immature diploids and triploids for any of the weight traits when the effect of vertebrae defects was statistically removed. However, the triploids had attained higher means than mature or immature diploids in gutted and fillet weight by January, suggesting that the loss of muscle mass during early winter was lower in triploids. Sexually maturing diploids (46%) had lower slaughter yield means compared to triploids or immature diploids at each measurement time, and these differences also increased during overwintering. Instead, the means of yield traits remained similar between the triploid and immature diploid groups through the winter. Likewise, fillet redness remained at equally high level in triploids and immature diploids, whereas in maturing diploids this attribute decreased substantially during overwintering. The triploid group had a higher incidence of vertebral defects (12.0%) than diploids (5.3%). The present results demonstrate the potential of triploid trout in producing large‐sized (>2 kg) fillet fish until spring markets. However, more detailed investigations are needed, particularly regarding the animal health and growth efficiency in triploids, relative to their diploid counterparts.     

应用贝叶斯状态空间剩余产量模型框架评估印度洋大眼金枪鱼的资源状况

根据1950―2016年的渔获量数据及1955―2016年的单位捕捞努力量(Catch Per Unit Effort,CPUE)数据,采用贝叶斯状态空间剩余产量模型框架JABBA(Just Another Bayesian Biomass Assessment)对印度洋大眼金枪鱼(Thunnus obesus)的资源状况进行评估,分析了渔船效应、CPUE数据尺度对评估结果的影响。结果表明,模型拟合效果对于不同时间跨度下CPUE数据的选择比较敏感。当选用时间跨度为1979―2016年的CPUE数据且考虑渔船效应时,模型拟合效果最好。2016年大眼金枪鱼的资源量为812 kt,最大可持续产量(Maximum Sustainable Yield,MSY)为163 kt,远高于同年渔获量86.81 kt,其资源量具有82.50%的概率处于"健康"状态。当总允许可捕量为69.45～104.17 kt时(2016年渔获量的80%～120%),未来10年大眼金枪鱼的资源量仍高于B_(MSY)(达到MSY所需的生物量)。回顾性分析结果表明,该资源评估结果存在一定程度的回顾性问题,捕捞死亡率和资源量分别存在被低估和高估的现象。将来需要在模型结构设定、CPUE数据选择及模型参数的先验分布设置等方面进一步优化。     

海州湾3种䲗属鱼类生长参数的年际变动

䲗属（）鱼类是海州湾地区常见的小型底栖饵料鱼类,但一直以来被渔业研究者忽视。本研究通过2011-2019年共18个航次的海州湾底拖网调查数据,分析了3种常见的䲗属鱼类——瓦氏䲗（C.richardsoni）的年际数量变化,并基于Bootstrap重抽样法,使用电子体长频率分析法（electronic length frequency analysis,ELEFAN）计算其冯·贝塔朗菲生长方程（von Bertalanffy growth function,VBGF）参数。结果表明,2011-2019年3种䲗属鱼类在海州湾地区表现出了极限体长由21.60 cm下降至13.96 cm,生长参数由19.72 cm下降至19.35 cm,生长参数由18.74 cm下降至14.91 cm,生长参数由0.45下降至0.43。3种䲗属鱼类总体上呈现数量下降与小型化趋势。本研究旨为䲗属鱼类生长特征研究提供参考资料,并为渔业资源评估提供基本参数依据。     

新型滚筒式贻贝清洗设备设计

为了提高贻贝清洗工序的自动化程度和清洗效果,降低工人劳动强度,设计了一种集打散和清洗工序为一体的新型滚筒式贻贝清洗设备,利用摩擦清洗方式代替当前使用的振动清洗方式,清洗后的贻贝表面附着物和足丝连接更少,该设备提高清洗加工自动化程度和降低加工人员配置的同时,设备占地面积更小。采用Solidworks软件和Simulation模块对设备进行三维建模和相关零部件的有限元仿真,并对该设备进行样机制作和相关试验。结果显示:清洗过程中,贻贝破损数量和滚筒转速成正比,清洗所用时间和滚筒转速成反比,结合破损数量和清洗时间两曲线,确定滚筒最佳转速为30 r/min,最佳清洗时间为32s,清洗速度为375颗/min(约25 kg/min)。该设备对发展贻贝船上加工模式具有借鉴意义。     

Substitution effect of Undaria pinnatifida with citrus (Citrus unshiu,Marcovitch) peel by‐product in feed on the growth,body composition and air exposure stressor of juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus,Reeve 1846)

Substitution effect of Undaria pinnatifida with citrus peel by‐product (CPB) on growth, body composition and air exposure stressor of abalone was determined. A total of 1,080 abalone were distributed into 18 net cages. Five formulated diets were prepared in triplicate. The CPB0 diet contained 200 g/kg U. pinnatifida. The 250, 500, 750 and 1,000 g/kg U. pinnatifida were substituted with the equal amount of CPB, referred to as the CPB250, CPB500, CPB750 and CPB1000 diets, respectively. Finally, dry U. pinnatifida was prepared. Abalone were fed for 16 weeks and then subjected to air exposure stressor for 24 hr. The cumulative mortality of abalone was monitored for the following 4 days after 24‐hr air exposure. Survival, weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) of abalone fed all formulated diets were greater than those of abalone fed the U. pinnatifida. The greatest weight gain and SGR were achieved in abalone fed the CPB500 diet. The chemical composition of the soft body of abalone was not affected by the experimental diets. Higher cumulative mortality was observed in abalone fed the CPB0 and dry U. pinnatifida at 16 hr after 24‐hr air exposure compared to abalone fed all other diets. In conclusion, U. pinnatifida could be completely substituted with CPB in abalone feed.     

我国海洋渔业资源管理中适用预警原则的探讨

海洋渔业资源的可持续开发和利用已成为全球海洋渔业资源管理的重心。预警原则作为一种新颖的环境资源管理手段,其在海洋渔业资源养护方面的有效性已为国际社会所认可。目前,我国海洋渔业资源养护现状不容乐观,而且随着我国与周边国家专属经济区的逐步确定,近海渔业资源管理压力将进一步加大,因而我国有必要在现有海洋渔业资源管理基础上引入预警原则,以扭转我国海洋渔业资源养护不力的状况。     

Women's traditional fishery and alternative aquatic resource livelihood strategies in the Southern Cameroonian Rainforest

Abstract To inform the development of alternative livelihoods, the women’s traditional alok fishery in the Campo‐Ma’an National Park and buffer zone of southern Cameroon were studied over 15 months. Participatory rural appraisal was used to characterise livelihood strategies among 45 households. Thirty‐three cultured crops, nine farmed animal species and 65 non‐timber forest products, including 31 bushmeat species are cultivated in, or harvested from, the forest. Transport is a major impediment to commercial trade of all local products. In 16 alok fishing events, average weight of fish harvested was 5.14 kg per 280 m of stream distributed among an average of 23 fishers for a return of 220 g person^?1 or 40 g fish h^?1 over 5 h of work. Fish and crustacean standing stock was 25 g per linear metre or 167 t when extrapolated to the zone. Implications for rainforest livelihoods in light of the Millennium Development Goals are discussed.     

贵州省生态渔业高质量发展路径研究

生态渔业高质量发展是我国渔业发展的战略性目标,研究贵州省生态渔业高质量发展的路径对长江流域和珠江流域贵州段的生态修复,对巩固和扩大脱贫攻坚成果、全面推进乡村振兴、建设生态文明先行示范区等省级决策部署以及共建“一带一路”和碳达峰、碳中和等国家重大战略任务具有重要意义。本研究通过对贵州省生态渔业发展现状走访调研,结合《中国渔业统计年鉴》数据分析,对贵州省“十三五”期间生态渔业发展成效、制约因素及发展机遇进行了梳理。依据贵州省生态渔业发展指导性文件《省人民政府办公厅关于加快推进生态渔业高质量发展的意见》和贵州省生态渔业产业特点,探索性提出贵州省生态渔业高质量发展的理念和基本原则。并进一步从拓展生态渔业空间、推广多样化生态养殖模式、推动产业融合发展、做大做强休闲渔业、加大渔业科技创新投入及完善生态渔业制度保障体系6个方面提出贵州省生态渔业高质量发展的建议与对策,期望为贵州省生态渔业高质量发展提供参考。     

Discovery of highly insecticidal synthetic spinosyn mimics – CAMD enabled de novo design simplifying a complex natural product

Simplifying complex natural products: Computer modeling‐based design leads to highly insecticidal, chemically simpler synthetic mimics of the spinosyn natural products that are active in the field. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry