Marine Collagen: A Promising Biomaterial for Wound Healing,Skin Anti-Aging,and Bone Regeneration

Marine organisms harbor numerous bioactive substances that can be utilized in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Scientific research on various applications of collagen extracted from these organisms has become increasingly prevalent. Marine collagen can be used as a biomaterial because it is water soluble, metabolically compatible, and highly accessible. Upon review of the literature, it is evident that marine collagen is a versatile compound capable of healing skin injuries of varying severity, as well as delaying the natural human aging process. From in vitro to in vivo experiments, collagen has demonstrated its ability to invoke keratinocyte and fibroblast migration as well as vascularization of the skin. Additionally, marine collagen and derivatives have proven beneficial and useful for both osteoporosis and osteoarthritis prevention and treatment. Other bone-related diseases may also be targeted by collagen, as it is capable of increasing bone mineral density, mineral deposition, and importantly, osteoblast maturation and proliferation. In this review, we demonstrate the advantages of marine collagen over land animal sources and the biomedical applications of marine collagen related to bone and skin damage. Finally, some limitations of marine collagen are briefly discussed.     

湖南省退耕还林生态型、生态经济型典型模式绩效调查分析

调壹发现：①退耕还林工程建设改善了我省生态环境,调整了农业产业结构,促进了农民增收;②退耕还林要与当地林农的种植习惯相结合,尽量多采用当地经济价值高、生态防护效果好的乡土树种,注重三大效益有机结合;③退耕还林必须把政府引导、重点扶持、产品综合利用开发及市场培育等有机结合起来,走生态、经济、社会共同发展之路。     

湖南省退耕还林工程成效分析

自2000年退耕还林工程在湖南省实施以来,取得了有目共睹的成绩,被农民誉为“民心工程”和“德政工程”。通过分析退耕还林工程在湖南取得的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益,提出了保障“三大效益”的政策措施。     

南岳区退耕还林植物景观林造林模式

从2001年到2005年,抓住国家退耕还林的机会,在南岳衡山核心景区营造植物景观观赏林136.8 hm2,植物景观林种类16种,达到了南岳核心景区退耕还林、还绿、还美目标。提高了南岳的旅游景观质量,促进了南岳生态建设的发展。     

鱼类栖息地保护技术研究进展

为进一步促进鱼类栖息地保护与修复工作的深入开展以及保护技术的推广应用,综述了国内外鱼类栖息地评估方法和保护与修复技术的发展概况,归纳了常用的鱼类栖息地评估方法,总结了鱼类栖息地保护与修复项目中运用的技术,分析了现有保护措施存在的问题,提出了较全面的鱼类栖息地评估方法和修复措施的建议,以期为从事鱼类栖息地保护与修复工作的技术人员提供技术参考。     

Mitigating nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils by precision management

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions make up a significant part of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. There is an urgent need to identify new approaches to the mitigation of these emissions with emerging technology. In this short review four approaches to precision managements of agricultural systems are described based on examples of work being undertaken in the UK and New Zealand. They offer the opportunity for N₂O mitigation without any reduction in productivity. These approaches depend upon new sensor technology, modeling and spatial information with which to make management decisions and interventions that can both improve agricultural productivity and environmental protection.     

Ridge-furrow plastic mulching with a suitable planting density enhances rainwater productivity,grain yield and economic benefit of rainfed maize

Soil surface mulching and planting density regulation are widely used for effective utilization of limited rainwater resources and improvement of crop productivity in dryland farming.However,the combined effects of mulching type and planting density on maize growth and yield have been seldom studied,especially in different hydrological years.A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of mulching type and planting density on the soil temperature,growth,grain yield(GY),water use efficiency(WUE)and economic benefit of rainfed maize in the drylands of northern China during 2015-2017.Precipitation fluctuated over the three years.There were four mulching types(NM,flat cultivation with non-mulching;SM,flat cultivation with straw mulching;RP,plastic-mulched ridge plus bare furrow;RPFS,plastic-mulched ridge plus straw-mulched furrow)and three planting densities(LD,low planting density,45.0×10^3 plants/hm^2;MD,medium planting density,67.5×10^3 plants/hm^2;HD,high planting density,90.0×10^3 plants/hm^2).Results showed that soil temperature was higher with RP and lower with SM compared with NM,but no significant difference was found between RPFS and NM.More soil water was retained by soil mulching at the early growth stage,but it significantly varied at the middle and late growth stages.Maize growth was significantly improved by soil mulching.With increasing planting density,stem diameter,net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content tended to decline,whereas a single-peak trend in biomass yield was observed.Mulching type and planting density did not have significant effect on evapotranspiration(ET),but GY and WUE were significantly affected.There were significant interacting effects of mulching type and planting density on biomass yield,GY,ET and WUE.Compared with NM,RPFS,RP and SM increased GY by 57.5%,50.8%and 18.9%,and increased WUE by 66.6%,54.3%and 18.1%,respectively.At MD,GY increased by 41.4%and 25.2%,and WUE increased by 38.6%and 22.4%compared with those of at LD and HD.The highest maize GY(7023.2 kg/hm^2)was observed under MD+RPFS,but the value(6699.1 kg/hm^2)was insignificant under MD+RP.Similar trends were observed for WUE under MD+RP and MD+RPFS,but no significant difference was observed between these two combinations.In terms of economic benefit,net income under MD+RP was the highest with a 9.8%increase compared with that of under MD+RPFS.Therefore,we concluded that RP cultivation pattern with a suitable planting density(67.5×10^3 plants/hm^2)is promising for rainwater resources utilization and maize production in the drylands of northern China.     

蛋白酶解对鲣鱼肉乳化特性的改善

天然鱼蛋白乳化性不佳,难以满足实际生产需求,但鱼蛋白的酶解改性可改善其功能特性,并拓展应用范围。以鲣鱼白色肉为原料,以水解度和乳化性为主要指标,比较了不同蛋白酶(胰蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶)和水解时间对酶解液制备和鱼蛋白乳化性的影响,优化了酶解工艺参数。将鱼蛋白进行冷冻干燥后,分析鱼蛋白酶解前后溶解性、乳化性和起泡性等功能特性的差异。结果表明,当胰蛋白酶添加量2 000 U·g^-1,酶解10 min时,鱼蛋白水解度(DH)达到8.2%,此时鱼蛋白乳化特性最佳。与酶解前样品相比,酶解后鱼蛋白的乳化活性和乳化稳定性显著提高,其溶解度、起泡性和起泡稳定性均有一定程度的改善。酶解制备的鲣鱼蛋白在广泛pH范围内具有更好的功能性质,在食品工业具有更高的应用价值。     

未来气温和降水变化对山西冬小麦产量的影响

【目的】冬小麦是山西省重要的粮食作物,气候变化对冬小麦产量影响显著。利用模型模拟评估气候变化对山西省冬小麦产量的影响,为山西省冬小麦种植规划提供重要科学依据。【方法】利用山西省 2017—2018 年气象资料和 2018 年县级冬小麦产量数据,采用 DNDC 区域模拟方法,对山西省冬小麦种植区单产进行模拟和验证;模拟未来 8 种气候变化情景（温度上升 1、2℃,降水减少 20%、10% 以及温度和降水耦合）对冬小麦产量产生的影响。【结果】DNDC 模型可以较好模拟出山西省冬小麦产量整体水平（4 335.6 kg/hm2）,总体平均误差为 4.63%,空间上的模拟误差主要由于山西省地形和气候差异导致。【结论】未来气候变化背景下,不同程度的增温对产量的影响不一,在温度平均升高 1℃情况下,山西省冬小麦单产下降 4.60%,而气温上升 2℃情景下,单产增加 16.44%;降水减少 10% 和 20% 情景下,产量均降低,说明水分依然是制约冬小麦产量的重要因子;但在增温和降水减少的耦合作用下产量增加 7.41%~15.84%。未来还需根据山西省种植特点,从轮作角度评估气候变化对农业的影响。     

山西省襄垣县有机旱作农业发展研究

襄垣县是山西省有机旱作试点县,根据其自然条件,通过总结该县有机旱作发展现状、制约因素及潜力分析,提出适宜的对策措施,为今后有机旱农业的发展提供一定的参考。