赣江下游丰城江段鱼类早期资源现状调查

对赣江鱼类早期资源的调查,可为赣江鱼类资源保护以及水利工程生态调度提供科学依据.2017年5-7月,在赣江丰城段使用圆锥网采集鱼卵和弶网采集仔鱼,对鱼类早期资源种类组成、产卵规模和产卵场进行分析.结果显示,调查期间共采集鱼卵11215粒,仔鱼12645尾,隶属于4目、8科、36种,其中产漂流性卵鱼类24种.估算调查期间通过丰城段卵苗径流量为66.66×１０^８粒(尾),其中鱼卵径流量63.84×10^8 粒,鱼苗径流量2.82×10^8 尾;“四大家鱼”卵苗径流量为0.11×10^8 粒(尾),其中鱼卵径流量0.07×10^8 粒,鱼苗径流量0.04×10^8 尾.调查期间出现3次产卵高峰,集中在6 月上、中旬.各类群鱼卵数量呈现出不同的时间动态,银鮈(Squalidusargentatus)产卵高峰期主要出现在5月,银鲴(Xenocyprisargentea)、鳊(Parabramispekinensis)、赤眼鳟(Squaliobarbuscurriculus)以及“四大家鱼”则主要出现在6月.研究表明,峡江水利枢纽运行后,邻近峡江水利枢纽的巴邱“四大家鱼”产卵场消失,但其下游的仁和、新干产卵场保存较完整,在离坝较远的大洋洲镇江段新调查到一处“四大家鱼”产卵场.建议开展生态调度及增殖放流活动,以保护赣江鱼类资源.     

基于转录组测序对翘嘴鳜(Siniperca chuatsi) 2种肌球蛋白重链基因的克隆与分析

肌球蛋白重链(Myosin heavy chain,MYH)是骨骼肌粗肌丝的重要组成单位,其表达量高低影响肌纤维的组成和肌肉生长.为了解其在翘嘴鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)早期生长过程中的作用,本研究从前期生长差异显著的2组(快长组和慢长组)翘嘴鳜幼鱼转录组差异表达Unigene中筛选出2个MYH基因,RACE (Rapid amplification of cDNA ends)克隆到其全长cDNA(MYH-7a,MYH-7b).MYH-7a全长为6071bp,开放阅读框为5820 bp;MYH-7b全长为5896 bp,开放阅读框为5745 bp.序列分析显示,2个MYH均有Loopl、Loop2环、ATP结合位点等关键结构域;进化树聚类分析显示,MYH-7a与MYH-7b均属于慢肌球蛋白.实时荧光定量PCR验证发现,其在快长组样本中表达量显著高于慢长组,与转录组测序结果一致;检测其在翘嘴鳜心肌、红白肌和皮肤等14种组织的表达水平,结果显示,MYH-7a主要在心肌中表达,而MYH-7b主要在红肌中表达;在胚胎发育不同阶段,二者随着胚胎发育的进行,表达量不断增加;在幼鱼早期生长过程(孵化出膜后15 dph、30 dph和60 dph)的翘嘴鳜白肌中,在15 dph和30 dph快长组的表达量显著高于慢长组,而到60 dph时快长组的表达量均显著低于慢长组.翘嘴鳜MYH-7a、MYH-7b在快长组与慢长组鱼中的差异表达提示它们在翘嘴鳜胚胎及其早期生长发育过程中发挥重要作用.     

海水鱼类室内育苗与室外育苗对比试验

为建立一套海水鱼类人工育苗技术,分别采用室内水泥池、室外对虾高位池以及室内水泥池与室外对虾高位池相结合的育苗方法进行美国红鱼、花尾胡椒鲷等鱼类人工育苗试验。结果表明:室内水泥池育苗成活率为11%～98 8%,室外对虾高位池育苗成活率最高为6%,室内外相结合育苗的成活率为37 5%～73%。采用前期室内人工培育,幼苗体长约10mm移到室外对虾高位池培育,既可提高育苗成活率,又可降低育苗成本,是目前值得推广的育苗方法。     

基于无线传感网络的耕种机具空间力监测系统开发与试验

针对实时监测耕种机具作业中所受空间力大小,该文提出了一种能够在现场和远程实时监测耕种机具受力情况并带有提示报警的监测系统。该系统采用基于Zigbee的WSN（wireless sensor network）完成数据的采集和近程传输,采用嵌入式处理器ARM11作为现场监测终端的中央处理单元CPU,并搭建WinCE6.0操作系统,完成数据交换、处理和监测报警等功能。通过安装在耕种机具上的测力传感器,实现对耕种机具受力情况的实时检测。经土槽试验测试,系统实现了耕种机具空间力的实时监测以及监测数据的存储,人机界面交互性良好,可为耕种机具的研究设计提供技术支持。     

作物生产给植物提供真正所需

精准农业的目的就是要按照作物生长需要有针对性地进行栽培管理。该文从耕种方式、播种方式、施肥方式以及农田作业轨迹方面出发,介绍了现行一些精准农业发展情况,同时指出了所面临的问题及发展方向。      

Seed Shattering of Cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen)

Cañahua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) is a semi‐domesticated relative of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) with high nutritious quality. It is tolerant to frost, drought, saline soils and pests. One seed yield limitation is seed loss during the maturity stages. Two greenhouse experiments in Denmark and field experiments in Bolivia were carried out to determine seed shattering in landraces and cultivars with different growth habits. 15–21 % of the seed shattering in the fields took place whilst the plants still were flowering and 25–35 % during physiological maturity. Seed shattering varied between locations on the Bolivian Altiplano. Cañahua types with the semi‐prostrate growth (‘lasta’) had the highest seed shattering rate in the greenhouse experiments. The Umacutama landrace had lower seed shattering (1 %) than the cultivar Kullaca (7.2 %) both of the ‘lasta’ type. Under field conditions, the cultivar Illimani with the erect growth (‘saihua’) had the highest seed shattering rate (6.4–33.7 %) at both locations and at four different sowing dates. The Umacutama had the lowest rate (0.5–1.5 %). There were no significant differences between plants of the ‘lasta’ and the ‘saihua’ types. The landrace had significantly less seed loss than the cultivars. However, in the greenhouse, the landrace yield was approximately 25 % lower than the yields of the cultivars. In general, cañahua cultivars had higher yield compared to landraces, but also a higher seed shattering rate. Landraces may be used in breeding programmes to develop high‐yielding cultivars with reduced seed shattering.     

黄嘌呤氧化酶传感器的研制及其对鱼鲜度的检测

将黄嘌呤氧化酶以共价连接法固定于二醋酸纤维素薄膜上，制成的酶膜与极谱式氧电极共同组成对次黄嘌呤进行定量测定的黄嘌呤氧化酶传感器。该传感器测定范围为１０～１２０ｍｇ／Ｌ，响应时间１０ｓ，不同浓度次黄嘌呤标准溶液对传感器１０ｓ响应值的相关系数为γ＝－０．９９６６，次黄嘌呤标准溶液重复测定６０次（１０ｓ响应值）的变异系数为ＣＶ＝０．３０３％。应用该传感器与分光光度法对鱼体次黄嘌呤含量进行了测定比较，二者具有良好的相关性。     

Fishery benefits from behavioural modification of fishes in periodically harvested fisheries closures

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Effects of natural feeding stimulants and glutamic acid supplementation on the feed intake,growth performance and digestive enzyme activities of red sea bream (Pagrus major) fed fish meal‐free soy protein concentrate (SPC)‐based diet

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