刺鲃鱼卵营养成分分析及评价

为了对刺鲃(Spinibarbus caldwelli)鱼卵的营养品质进行评价,本试验采用常规方法对刺鲃鱼卵的一般营养成分含量、氨基酸组成、脂肪酸组成和微量元素含量进行了测定。结果表明:刺鲃鱼卵(鲜样)中粗蛋白质含量为27.66%、粗脂肪含量为3.18%、水分含量为64.26%、粗灰分含量为3.09%。刺鲃鱼卵共检测出17种氨基酸,其中必需氨基酸(EAA)7种,非必需氨基酸(NEAA)10种,总氨基酸(TAA)含量为23.21%,EAA含量为9.28%,NEAA含量为13.93%;EAA构成比例符合FAO/W HO标准,分别以氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)进行评价,其第一限制性氨基酸均为蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸,第二限制性氨基酸均为苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸。必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为59.26%。刺鲃鱼卵共检测出11种脂肪酸,其中3种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、3种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)、5种多不饱和脂肪(PUFA),分别占脂肪酸总量的22.68%、48.40%、28.93%;C20∶5n-3(EPA)+C22∶6n-3(DHA)占脂肪酸总量的8.53%。刺鲃鱼卵中微量元素铜、锌、铁、锰、硒含量丰富,其中锌、铁含量分别高达90.986 5、31.386 3 mg/kg。由此得出,刺鲃鱼卵营养丰富,有较高的综合开发利用价值。     

Apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients and amino acids in soybean meal,fish meal,spray‐dried plasma protein and fermented soybean meal to weaned pigs

This study sought to determine whether fermentation could increase apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), energy (E) and amino acids (AA) in fermented soybean meal (FSBM) greater than that of soybean meal (SBM) in weaned pigs. Four weaned pigs (10.00 ± 0.30 kg) were surgically equipped with T‐cannulas and randomly followed a 4 × 4 Latin square design of treatments (SBM, FSBM, fish meal and spray‐dried plasma protein). Overall, the fermentation process was able to reduce the amount of anti‐nutritional factors (ANF), including trypsin inhibitors, raffinose and stachyose, in the FSBM diet, which were significantly reduced by 39.4, 92.2, and 92.9%, respectively, as compared to the SBM diet. As a consequence of ANF reduction in FSBM, the AID of DM, N and E as well as AA was significantly greater with FSBM than SBM. Taken all together, the fermentation process improved the nutritional quality of SBM, due to ANF reduction, leading to improvement of digestibility of AA. As such, FSBM can be potentially used as a specialized feed ingredient, especially for young animal diets in an attempt to reduce diet costs.     

Antibody response to Raboral VR-G® oral rabies vaccine in captive and free-ranging black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas)

Rabies is a zoonotic disease that remains endemic in large parts of southern Africa because of its persistence in wildlife and domestic dog vectors. The black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) is primarily the wildlife vector responsible for rabies outbreaks in northern parts of South Africa. Two trials were carried out to investigate antibody responses to the oral rabies vaccine Raboral V-RG® in black-backed jackals under captive and free-ranging conditions. In captive jackals 10/12 (83%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 52% – 98%), seroconverted after single oral vaccination. Nine captive jackals had protective antibody titres (> 0.5 IU/mL) at 4 weeks (median: 2.1 IU/mL; inter quartile range [IQR]: 0.6–5.7) and 10 jackals had at 12 weeks (median: 3.5 IU/mL; IQR: 1.5–8.3) and three maintained antibody titres for up to 48 weeks (median: 3.4 IU/mL; IQR: 2.0–6.3). Four sites were baited with Raboral V-RG® vaccine for wild jackals, using fishmeal polymer and chicken heads. Baits were distributed by hand or from vehicle at three sites in north-eastern South Africa, with an average baiting density of 4.4 baits/km² and at one site in central South Africa, at 0.12 baits/km². This resulted in protective antibody titres in 3/11 jackals (27%; 95% Cl: 6–61) trapped between 3 and 12 months after baiting in north-eastern South Africa, compared with 4/7 jackals (57%; 95% Cl: 18–90) trapped after 3–18 months in central South Africa. This study shows the potential utility of oral rabies vaccination for the control of wildlife-associated rabies in north-eastern and central South Africa, but extensive studies with wider distribution of bait are needed to assess its potential impact on rabies control in wild jackals.     

氧化应激对断奶仔猪肌体氧化还原状态的影响

本试验旨在研究氧化应激对断奶仔猪机体氧化还原状态的影响。选用24头28日龄断奶仔猪,随机分为3个处理组,每组8个重复,每个重复1头猪,采用单因子试验设计。基础日粮为玉米-豆粕型,以饲喂基础日粮为对照组,饲喂氧化鱼油和腹腔介入12mg/kg体重敌草快(Diquat)为应激组,试验期26d。结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,氧化鱼油和Diquat都造成了脾脏损伤,使脾脏和胸腺指数降低(P<0.05);(2)饲喂氧化鱼油显著增加了脾脏MDA(丙二醛)含量(P<0.05),降低血浆抑制羟基自由基的能力(P<0.05),极显著降低脾脏GST(谷光苷肽-S转移酶)的活力(P<0.01),降低血浆中SOD(超氧化物岐化酶)、GSH-PX(谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶)的活性(P<0.01)和抑制羟基自由基的能力(P<0.05);(3)Diquat极显著增加脾脏MDA的含量(P<0.01),降低脾脏GST的含量(P<0.01),降低血浆中SOD、GSH-PX的活性和抑制羟基自由基的能力(P<0.01),提高MDA的含量(P<0.01)。氧化鱼油和Diquat可诱导断奶仔猪产生氧化应激,并导致了脾脏和胸腺的氧化损伤。     

我国综合养鱼生态模式及其发展思路

我国主要的综合养鱼生态模式有渔农综合经营型,渔牧综合经营型,渔、农、牧综合经营,农庄式立体种养生态系统等。然而劳动力素质限制了其综合利用水平的提高,水质污染影响渔业可持续发展,综合养鱼生态系统基础研究滞后及渔业产业化经营程度不高均是亟待解决的问题。并指出了促进综合养鱼生态模式的发展思路。     

鱼类主要内分泌激素和蛋白质代谢的关系

本文就鱼类主要的内分泌激素(T3、T4、GH、IGF-Ⅰ)对蛋白质代谢的调控以及饲料蛋白质质量和数量对鱼类内分泌激素分泌的调控进行概述。     

Comparison of the API 20E and BBL Crystal E/NF Identification Systems for Differentiating Bacterial Isolates from Apparently Healthy Reared Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

The ability of two commercial rapid identification systems, API 20E and BBL Crystal E/NF, to reliably identify bacterial isolates from the internal organs of reared sea bass were compared. The tests gave different results: API 20E identified bacteria as Pseudomonas spp. with 37% accuracy, while BBL Crystal E/NF identified them as Flavobacterium odoratum with 99% accuracy. Although F. odoratum is not a marine fish pathogen, conventional tests conducted with the same isolates were more indicative of them being Flavobacterium spp. than Pseudomonas spp., suggesting that BBL Crystal E/NF was more reliable in this identification. Both systems were found to be applicable for diagnostics of marine fish pathogens, but should be used with caution because of possible misinterpretation.     

Efficacy of essential oils combination on performance,ileal bacterial counts,intestinal histology and immunocompetence of laying hens fed alternative lipid sources

This study was carried out to assess the effects of a blend of herbal essential oils (namely Thymus vulgaris, Mentha piperita, Rosmarinus offisinalis and Anethum graveolens) and different dietary lipid sources on the performance, ileal bacterial enumeration, intestinal histological alterations and immune responses in laying hens. For this purpose, a total of 150 laying hens were randomly allocated to six experimental treatments with five replicates of five birds each. Dietary treatments consisted of three levels of a mixture of essential oils (0, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and two sources of lipid (soybean oil and fish oil containing different ratios of n‐6 to n‐3 fatty acids) fed to the animals during an 80‐days feeding trial. Findings indicated that dietary administration of fish oil not only increased significantly the spleen relative weight (p < 0.01) and the antibody titre against Newcastle virus (p < 0.05) but also led to reductions in liver relative weight (p < 0.05) and feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05). Moreover, the mixture of herbal essential oils brought about declines in hepatic relative weight, heterophile to lymphocyte ratio (p < 0.05) and intestinal pathogen populations (p < 0.01). Mention must also be made of the improvements it made in spleen weight (p < 0.01), antibody titres against SRBC (p < 0.01) and Newcastle virus (p < 0.05), villus height to crypt depth ratio (p < 0.01), goblet cell numbers (p < 0.05), lamina propria lymphatic follicle diameters (p < 0.01) and feed conversion ratio (p = 0.06). It may be claimed that the enhancements observed in the performance of laying hens fed fish oil and 200 mg/kg of the blend of essential oils could have potentially been associated with improved intestinal health indices as well as cellular and humoral immune responses.     

淡水鱼虾华支睾吸虫囊蚴感染情况调查

采集吉林省白城地区镇赉县周边6个鱼塘的各种鱼类,用直接压片镜检法和人工消化法分别对采集回来的麦穗鱼感染华支睾吸虫囊蚴的情况进行统计调查,结果表明,感染率最高、感染强度最大的鱼塘是四方坨六分场。随即对四方坨六分场鱼塘中各种鱼类华支睾吸虫囊蚴感染情况也采用同样方法进行调查,结果显示,感染率最高的是麦穗鱼、银飘鱼、尖头鱥,均为100%;其次是细鳞鱼,为80%;其他种类的鱼虾均未检测到有华支睾吸虫囊蚴寄生。     

鱼类疫苗研究进展

经过试验探索、生产应用 ,鱼类疫苗的研究已进入用新技术和新方法研制高效疫苗的时期。疫苗的种类逐渐增多 ,除传统的死疫苗、活疫苗、化学疫苗以外 ,新型疫苗得到快速发展。主要包括 DNA疫苗、合成肽疫苗。一些疫苗已经成为工业化生产的商品用疫苗 ,如弧菌病疫苗、红嘴病疫苗、疖病疫苗、传染性造血器官坏死病疫苗。鱼类的免疫应答和疫苗的免疫接种方法等都会影响鱼类疫苗的应用。尽管鱼类疫苗面临着一些困难 ,但是它有广阔的发展前景